积极英语4 测试1012.docx

积极英语4 测试1012.docx

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积极英语4测试1012

TestUnit10-12

PartIVocabularyandStructure（44%）

1.void

2.devastation

3.intermittent

4.extract

5.sparingly

6.gigantic

7.expedition

8.centenary

9.revolve

10.staple

11.priority

12.radiation

13.compositionally

14.envision

15.moratorium

16.validate

17.misdemeanor

18.tenacious

19.critics

20.ravage

21.ambiguity

22.大片

23.牵强附会的

24.障碍

25.极度危险地

26.适中（n.）

27.可再生的

28.迷信

29.主要的

30.压缩

31.自愿的

32.有机物

33.毛骨悚然的

34.零排放

35.死亡率

36.替代能源

37.对…造成威胁

38.寿命

39.能源的释放

40.历史的插曲

41.盛行的看法

42.生命的大规模灭绝

43.强制政策

副作用

PartIIreadingcomprehension（13*2=26%）

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.

TheNatureofGenius

Therehasalwaysbeenaninterestingeniusesandprodigies.Theword'genius',fromtheLatingens（=family）andtheterm'genius',meaning'begetter',comesfromtheearlyRomancultofadivinityastheheadofthefamily.Initsearliestform,geniuswasconcernedwiththeabilityoftheheadofthefamily,thepaterfamilias,toperpetuatehimself.Gradually,geniuscametorepresentaperson'scharacteristicsandthenceanindividual'shighestattributesderivedfromhis'genius'orguidingspirit.Today,peoplestilllooktostarsorgenes,astrologyorgenetics,inthehopeoffindingthesourceofexceptionalabilitiesorpersonalcharacteristics.

Theconceptofgeniusandofgiftshasbecomepartofourfolkculture,andattitudesareambivalenttowardsthem.Weenvythegiftedandmistrustthem.Inthemythologyofgiftedness,itispopularlybelievedthatifpeoplearetalentedinonearea,theymustbedefectiveinanother,thatintellectualsareimpractical,thatprodigiesburntoobrightlytoosoonandburnout,thatgiftedpeopleareeccentric,thattheyarephysicalweaklings,thatthere'sathinlinebetweengeniusandmadness,thatgeniusrunsinfamilies,thatthegiftedaresoclevertheydon'tneedspecialhelp,thatgiftednessisthesameashavingahighIQ,thatsomeracesaremoreintelligentormusicalormathematicalthanothers,thatgeniusgoesunrecognisedandunrewarded,thatadversitymakesmenwiseorthatpeoplewithgiftshavearesponsibilitytousethem.Languagehasbeenenrichedwithsuchtermsas'highbrow','egghead','blue-stocking','wiseacre','know-all','boffin'and,formany,'intellectual'isatermofdenigration.

Thenineteenthcenturysawconsiderableinterestinthenatureofgenius,andproducednotafewstudiesoffamousprodigies.Perhapsforustoday,twoofthemostsignificantaspectsofmostofthesestudiesofgeniusarethefrequencywithwhichearlyencouragementandteachingbyparentsandtutorshadbeneficialeffectsontheintellectual,artisticormusicaldevelopmentofthechildrenbutcausedgreatdifficultiesofadjustmentlaterintheirlives,andthefrequencywithwhichabilitieswentunrecognisedbyteachersandschools.However,thedifficultywiththeevidenceproducedbythesestudies,fascinatingastheyareincollectingtogetheranecdotesandapparentsimilaritiesandexceptions,isthattheyarenotwhatwewouldtodaycallnorm-referenced.Inotherwords,when,forinstance,informationiscollatedaboutearlyillnesses,methodsofupbringing,schooling,etc.,wemustalsotakeintoaccountinformationfromotherhistoricalsourcesabouthowcommonorexceptionalthesewereatthetime.Forinstance,infantmortalitywashighandlifeexpectancymuchshorterthantoday,hometutoringwascommoninthefamiliesofthenobilityandwealthy,bullyingandcorporalpunishmentwerecommonatthebestindependentschoolsand,forthemostpart,thecasesstudiedweremembersoftheprivilegedclasses.Itwasonlywiththegrowthofpaediatricsandpsychologyinthetwentiethcenturythatstudiescouldbecarriedoutonamoreobjective,ifstillnotalwaysveryscientific,basis.

Geniuses,howevertheyaredefined,arebutthepeakswhichstandoutthroughthemistofhistoryandarevisibletotheparticularobserverfromhisorherparticularvantagepoint.Changetheobserversandthevantagepoints,clearawaysomeofthemist,andadifferentlotofpeaksappear.Geniusisatermweapplytothosewhomwerecognisefortheiroutstandingachievementsandwhostandneartheendofthecontinuumofhumanabilitieswhichreachesbackthroughthemundaneandmediocretotheincapable.ThereisstillmuchtruthinDrSamuelJohnson'sobservation,'Thetruegeniusisamindoflargegeneralpowers,accidentallydeterminedtosomeparticulardirection'.Wemaydisagreewiththe'general',forwedoubtifallmusiciansofgeniuscouldhavebecomescientistsofgeniusorviceversa,butthereisnodoubtingtheaccidentaldeterminationwhichnurturedortriggeredtheirgiftsintothosechannelsintowhichtheyhavepouredtheirpowerssosuccessfully.Alongthecontinuumofabilitiesarehundredsofthousandsofgiftedmenandwomen,boysandgirls.

Whatweappreciate,enjoyormarvelatintheworksofgeniusortheachievementsofprodigiesarethemanifestationsofskillsorabilitieswhicharesimilarto,butsomuchsuperiorto,ourown.Butthattheirmindsarenotdifferentfromourownisdemonstratedbythefactthatthehard-wondiscoveriesofscientistslikeKeplerorEinsteinbecomethecommonplaceknowledgeofschoolchildrenandtheonceoutrageousshapesandcoloursofanartistlikePaulKleesosoonappearonthefabricswewear.Thisdoesnotminimisethesupremacyoftheirachievements,whichoutstripourownasthesub-four-minutemilersoutstripourjogging.

Tothinkofgeniusesandthegiftedashavinguniquelydifferentbrainsisonlyreasonableifweacceptthateachhumanbrainisuniquelydifferent.Thepurposeofinstructionistomakeusevenmoredifferentfromoneanother,andintheprocessofbeingeducatedwecanlearnfromtheachievementsofthosemoregiftedthanourselves.Butbeforewetrytoemulategeniusesorencourageourchildrentodosoweshouldnotethatsomeofthethingswelearnfromthemmayproveunpalatable.Wemayenvytheirachievementsandfame,butweshouldalsorecognisethepricetheymayhavepaidintermsofperseverance,single-mindedness,dedication,restrictionsontheirpersonallives,thedemandsupontheirenergiesandtime,andhowoftentheyhadtodisplaygreatcouragetopreservetheirintegrityortomaketheirwaytothetop.

Geniusandgiftednessarerelativedescriptivetermsofnorealsubstance.Wemay,atbest,givethemsomeprecisionbydefiningthemandplacingtheminacontextbut,whateverwedo,weshouldneverdeludeourselvesintobelievingthatgiftedchildrenorgeniusesaredifferentfromtherestofhumanity,saveinthedegreetowhichtheyhavedevelopedtheperformanceoftheirabilities.

Questions1-5

ChooseFIVEletters,A-K.

NBYouranswersmaybegiveninanyorder.

Belowarelistedsomepopularbeliefsaboutgeniusandgiftedness.

WhichFIVEofthesebeliefsarereportedbythewriterofthetext?

ATrulygiftedpeoplearetalentedinallareas.

BThetalentsofgeniusesaresoonexhausted.

CGiftedpeopleshouldusetheirgifts.

DAgeniusappearsonceineverygeneration.

EGeniuscanbeeasilydestroyedbydiscouragement.

FGeniusisinherited.

GGiftedpeopleareveryhardtolivewith.

HPeopleneverappreciatetruegenius.

IGeniusesarenaturalleaders.

JGiftedpeopledeveloptheirgreatnessthroughdifficulties.

KGeniuswillalwaysrevealitself.

Questions6-13

　　DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?

　　TRUE 　　FALSE 　　NOTGIVEN 

　　TRUE  ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation 

　　FALSE ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation 

　　NOTGIVEN ifthereisnoinformationonthis 

6 Nineteenth-centurystudiesofthenatureofgeniusfailedtotakeintoaccounttheuniquenessoftheperson'supbringing. 

7 Nineteenth-centurystudiesofgeniuslackedbothobjectivityandaproperscientificapproach. 

8 Atruegeniushasgeneralpowerscapableofexcellenceinanyarea. 

9Theskillsofordinaryindividualsareinessencethesameastheskillsofprodigies 

10 Theeasewithwhichtrulygreatideasareacceptedandtakenforgrantedfailstolessentheirsignificance. 

11 Giftednessandgeniusdeserveproperscientificresearchintotheirtruenaturesothatalltalentmayberetainedforthehumanrace. 

12 Geniusesoftenpayahighpricetoachievegreatness 

13Tobeageniusisworththehighpersonalcost.

PartIII.Translation（15%）

1．禁止在室内抽烟在生活中变得越来越稀疏平常了。

2．一种开始清理地球的方法就是找到可替换的燃料来源。

该种能源也能达到我们依赖的矿物燃料的可靠度。

3．泰国是一个很值得一去的有趣的地方，但必须记住不要喝自来水，要不然你会生病。

4．行走意味着不局限在体育馆里锻炼---你可以随时行走。

5．直到读到食物和过敏的文章，Angelina才警觉，她儿子的病的可能原因。

（强调句）

PartIVWriting（15%）

Inthepast,manypeoplehadskillssuchasmakingtheirownclothesanddoingrepairstothingsinthehouse,inmanycountries,nowadays,skillslikethesedisappearing.

Whydoyouthinkthischangehappening?

Givereasonsforyouranswersandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.

Writeatleast150words.

Key

44.void

45.devastation

46.intermittent

47.extract

48.sparingly

49.gigantic

50.expedition

51.centenary

52.revolve

53.staple

54.priority

55.radiation

56.compositionally

57.envision

58.moratorium中止

59.validate证实

60.misdemeanor小过失

61.tenacious

62.critics

63.ravage破坏

64.ambiguity

65.大片blockbusters

66.牵强附会的far-fetched

67.障碍obstacles

68.极度危险地perilously

69.适中（n.）moderation

70.可再生的renewable

71.迷信superstition

72.主要的principally

73.压缩compress

74.自愿的voluntary

75.有机物organism

76.毛骨悚然的spine-chilling

77.零排放zeroemissions

78.死亡率moralityrate

79.替代能源alternativeenergy

80.对…造成威胁poseatreatto

81.寿命lif