初中英语主动语态变被动语态的句子练习题及答案.docx
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初中英语主动语态变被动语态的句子练习题及答案
被动语态
一、语态概述
英语中有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
如:
ManypeoplespeakEnglish.谓语:
speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
所谓“被动语态〞,相当于中文中常说的“被……〞、“由……〞的句式,如:
“他的自行车被偷了。
〞,再如:
Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
判断:
看下面的两个例句,你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动?
Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。
〔____________〕
Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。
〔____________〕
二、被动语态的构成:
be动词+Vp.p
被动特点强调宾,用be加上过去分。
行为对象作主语,逻辑主语by来引。
1.Englishis___________〔speak〕inCanada.
2.Theblouseis___________〔make〕ofsilk.
3.Englishis___________〔speak〕bymanypeople.
谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要。
动作承受者需强调,用被动语态莫忘了。
1.Somestampswere___________〔steal〕lastweek.
2.ThePRCwas___________〔found〕onOctober1,1949.
3.Footballis___________〔play〕inmostmiddleschools.
被动语态须留意,P.P前面助动be.be+P.P
am〔is,are〕现在时,am〔is,are〕+P.P
was和were表过去。
was〔were〕+P.P
完成have〔has〕been。
have〔has〕been+P.P
将来,情态,be原形。
will〔can,may,must〕be+P.P
进展时态两个be,前表时态后加ing。
am〔is,are〕+being+P.P
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词〞构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
但凡汉语中带“被〞的句子,都能转换成英语的被动语态。
三.几种常用时态的被动语态——
1.一般现在时:
am/is/are+过去分词
肯定句:
Bikesare___________〔sell〕inthatshop.
否认句:
Bikesarenotsoldinthatshop.
疑问句:
Arebikessoldinthatshop"Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.
2.一般过去时:
was/were+过去分词
肯定句:
Hewas___________〔save〕in1999.
否认句:
Hewasnotsavedin1999.
疑问句:
Washesavedin1999"Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.
3.一般将来时:
shall/will/begoingto+be+过去分词
肯定句:
AnEnglishclasswillbe___________〔give〕byJacktomorrow.
否认句:
AnEnglishclasswillnotbegivenbyJacktomorrow.
疑问句:
WillanEnglishclassbegivenbyJacktomorrow"
4.现在进展时:
am/is/are+being+过去分词
肯定句:
Acarisbeing___________〔drive〕now.
否认句:
Acarisnotbeingdrivennow.
疑问句:
Isacarbeingdrivennow"Yes,itis./No,itisn't.
5.现在完成时:
have/has+been+过去分词
肯定句:
Aroadhasbeen___________〔build〕bythegovernment.
否认句:
Aroadhasn'tbeenbuiltbythegovernment.
疑问句:
Hasaroadbeenbuiltbythegovernment"Yes,ithas./No,ithasn't.
6.情态动词:
情态动词+be+P.P
1〕Thisclockcanbe___________〔repair〕here.
2〕Thetreesmaybe___________〔plant〕atothertimesoftheyear.
3〕Thepositionmustbe___________〔hand〕inafterclass.
4〕Theyoungtreesshouldbe___________〔plant〕inspring.
四、被动语态的用法
〔1〕不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:
Somenewputerswere___________〔steal〕lastnight.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
〔不知道电脑是谁偷的〕
Thisbookwas___________〔publish〕in1981.这本书出版于1981年。
〔2〕强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:
Thewindowwas___________〔break〕byMike.窗户是迈克打破的。
Thisbookwas___________〔write〕byhim.这本书是他写的。
Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
五、主动语态变被动语态的方法
〔1〕把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
〔2〕把谓语变成被动构造〔be+过去分词〕
〔根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式〕。
〔3〕把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如:
1.Allthepeople___________〔laugh〕athim.
→Hewas___________〔laugh〕atbyallpeople.
2.They___________〔make〕thebikesinthefactory.
→Thebikesare___________〔make〕bytheminthefactory.
六、补充
一些宾补动词如make,see,hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形〔实为省略to的动词不定式〕作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。
如:
Hemademestandoutside.→Iwasmadetostandoutside〔byhim〕.
Isawhimplayfootball.→Hewasseentoplayfootball〔byhim〕.
专项练习
一、选择题
( )1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear"
A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build
( )2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.
A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened
( )3.Cotton〔棉花〕____inthesoutheastofChina.
A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow
( )4.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives
( )5.Howmanytrees____thisyear"
A.areplanted B.willplant C.havebeenplanted D.planted
( )6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoing B.arebeingdone C.hasbeendone D.willbedone
( )7.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown
()8.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelooked B.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked
()9.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'tlisten B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened
C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten
()10.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscuss B.willdiscuss
C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed
()11.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuiltB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt
()12.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup
()13.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished
()14.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown
()15.He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraisedB.praises
C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised
()16.Thepicture______ inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken
()17.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired
()18.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing
()19.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeout B.hadbeenbrokenout
C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout
()20.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.
A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats
()21.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.
A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking
()22.They______dayandnight.
A.aremadework B.aremadetowork
C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork
()23.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.
A.wassentup B.issentup
C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup
()24.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.
A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung
()25.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.
A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
()26.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____"
A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found
()27.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.
A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended
()28.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted
()29.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.
A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon
()30.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen
()31.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbroken B.isbroken,wasbroken
C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________〔build〕intwomonths.
2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________〔discuss〕now.
3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______〔speak〕intheworld?
4.Thelostboy_____________〔notfind〕sofar.
5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________〔cut〕down.
6.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.
7What_______knives ______(make)of"
8.They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.
9.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary"
10.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.
11.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.
12.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity"
13.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.
14.Look!
Someone__________(dance).
三、按要求改写以下句子,一空一词。
1.TeagrowsinSouthChina.〔改为被动语态〕
___________________________________________.
2.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong______ ______ _______bythechildren.
3.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)
It______ ________ ________byyounow.
4.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal________ _________ _______makingmachines.
5.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
I______ ________ ________ ______thatforhim.
6.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)
Thelightgreendresses________ _________ ___________out.
7.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan〞.(改为被动语态)
Thegame_______ ________“Lianliankan〞byus.
四.把以下句子改为被动语态
1.Parentstakecareoftheirkids.
_____________________________________________________________________
2.Peopleplanttreeseveryday.
_____________________________________________________________________
3.Heatebreadyesterday.
_____________________________________________________________________
4.Chinamakesmanywatches.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.
_____________________________________________________________________
6.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.
_____________________________________________________________________
6.Hedoesn’tthrowthebadfood.
_____________________________________________________________________
8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.
_____________________________________________________________________
9.TheywillnottakehimtoBeijing.
_____________________________________________________________________
10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.
_____________________________________________________________________