无损检测对接焊缝射线工艺规程.docx
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无损检测对接焊缝射线工艺规程
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RADIOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONPROCEDUREFORBUTTWELDS
RADIOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONPROCEDUREFORBUTTWELDS
对接焊缝射线检测工艺规程
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RADIOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONPROCEDUREFORBUTTWELDS
1.General
1.1Thisprocedureisappliedtothex-rayradiographicexaminationofbuttweldsforpressurevesselsconstructedinaccordancewithASMECodeSectionⅧDiv1.
1.2Thisprocedureshallbesupplemented,whennecessary,withtheexaminationinstructionsdefiningmorespecificvariables,whichwillbepreparedbyNDELevelⅢpersonnel.
2.QualificationofExaminationPersonnel
2.1Anypersonengagedintheradiographicexaminationshallbequalifiedandcertifiedasaradiographicexaminerinaccordancewith******Co.,Ltd.’s“WrittenPracticeforNDEPersonnelTraining,Examination,QualificationandCertification”(NO.:
QCD-011).
2.2TheNDELevelⅠshallreceivethenecessaryinstructionorsupervisionfromacertifiedNDELevelⅡorLevelⅢExaminer.TheNDELevelⅡshallreceivetheinstructionorsupervisionfromaNDELevelⅢExaminer.
2.3Accordingtotherespectiveresponsibilityrange,allexaminersshallcompletetheexaminationconformingtothereferencingASMECodeSections,standardsandwritteninstructions.Theyshallassuretheworkingquality.
3.Equipment,ToolsandMaterials
TheLevelⅡExaminershallselecttheequipment,toolsandmaterialstoassurethattheyareincompliancewiththefollowingconditionsandtherequirementoftheexaminationinstruction.
3.1Oneofthex-rayequipmentshallbeselectedfromTable1.
Table1
1.概述
1.1本工艺规程适用于按ASME规范第Ⅷ卷第Ⅰ册要求制造的压力容器的对接焊缝的x射线照相检测。
1.2必要时,本工艺规程应由探伤作业指导书进行补充以规定更详细的变量,此指导书由NDEⅢ级人员编制。
2.检测人员资格
2.1从事射线探伤的检测人员必须按南京宝色钛业有限公司的<>(文件号:
QCD-011)进行资格考核评定。
2.2NDEⅠ级须接受合格的Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级必要的指导或监督。
NDEⅡ级须接受NDEⅢ级的指导或监督。
2.3根据各自的职责范围,所有检测人员应按ASME规范有关卷,标准和作业指导书进行检测并保证工作质量。
3.设备、器材
Ⅱ级人员所选用的设备、器材应能保证符合下列条件和探伤作业指导书的要求。
3.1X射线设备应从表1中选用。
Type
Mfr.
Max.Tube
Voltabe(KVp)
Max.Tube
Current(mA)
Foc.Size
(mm)
Permittedmax.materialthick(mm)
Steel
Ti
Zr
xx-2505
Beijing
250
5
2x2
38
63
22
xx-3005
Dandong
300
5
1.0x2.3
46
70
28
表1
类型
制造厂家
最大管电压
KVp
最大管电流
mA
焦点尺寸
(mm)
允许的材料最大穿透厚度mm
Steel
Ti
Zr
xx-2505
北京
250
5
2x2
38
63
22
xx-3005
丹东
300
5
1.0x2.3
46
70
28
3.2Film
FilmselectionshallbeinaccordancewithSE-1815,StandardTestMethodforFilmSystemsfor
3.2胶片
胶片须根据SE-1815工业射线照相的胶片系统分类的标准测试方法来选择。
胶片分类表应由胶片制造厂提供。
胶片
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RADIOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONPROCEDUREFORBUTTWELDS
IndustrialRadiography.Theclassificationtableoffilmshallbeprovidedbythefilmmanufacturer.FilmsystemclassesSpecial,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,W-A,andW-Barepermitted.Dependingonthex-raypenetrationthickness,asuitablefilmshallbeselected.Whenusingtwofilmsmethod,twodifferenttypesoffilmshallbeselected.
3.3Screen
AsuitableleadscreenshallbeselectedfromTable2.
Table2
系统分为特殊、Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,W-A,和W-B。
应根据X射线穿透厚度,选择合适的胶片。
采用双片法时,应选用两种不同类型的胶片。
3.3增感屏
从表2中选择适当的铅增感屏。
表2
TubeVoltage
ThicknessofleadScreen(mm)
管电压
铅增感屏厚度(mm)
Front
Back
前屏
后屏
<150kv
150kv~300kv
0.01~0.03
0.025~0.10
>0.05
>0.05~0.10
<150kv
150~300kv
0.01~0.03
0.025~0.10
>0.05
>0.05~0.1
3.4DensitometerandStepWedgeFilm
ThedigitaldensitometerlistedinTable3shallbeusedforjudgingradiographdensity.Thedensitometershallbecheckedagainstacalibratedstepwedgefilmatleastonceevery90daysbytheNDELevelⅡorⅢExaminer.Thestepwedgefilmshallbecalibratedonceevery12monthsbytheNationalBureauofStandards.
Table3
3.4黑度计和阶梯黑度片
用表3列出的数码黑度计测定射线底片密度。
黑度计至少每90天由NDEⅡ级或Ⅲ级用校验过的阶梯黑度片校验一次。
黑度片须至少每12个月由国家标准局校验一次。
表3
Type
Manufacturer
Mea.,Range
Mea.,Precision
型号
制造厂
测量范围
测量精度
TD-210
ZHEJIANG
ZHENGHAI
0.00-4.00D
±0.03D
TD-210
浙江瓯海
0.00-4.00D
±0.03D
3.5ImageQualityIndication(IQI)
3.5.1TypeandmaterialofIQIs
3.5.1.1ThewiretypeIQIpresentedasFig.1andTab.4beused.ThewiretypeIQIshallbemanufacturedandidentifiedinaccordancewiththerequirementsinSE-747.
3.5.1.2Thewiresshallbefabricatedfrommaterialoralloywithsameorlessradiationabsorptionthanthematerialbeingradiographed.
3.5象质计(IQI)
3.5.1象质计类型和材料
3.5.1.1应使用线型象质计(图1和表4)。
线型象质计的制造和标识应符合SE-747的要求。
3.5.1.2金属丝的材质应与被透检材料相同,或其射线吸收小于被检材料。
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RADIOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONPROCEDUREFORBUTTWELDS
Fig1图1
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Table4WireIQIDesignation,WireDiametersandWireIdentityin.(mm)
Table4IQISetsandwireDiameter
表4线型IQI标识和线径
表4象质计组别和线径
WireDiametersin.(mm)
线径英寸(毫米)
SetA
WireNo.
SetB
WireNo.
A组
线号A
B组
线号B
0.0032(0.08)
1
0.010(0.25)
6
0.0032(0.08)
1
0.010(0.25)
6
0.004(0.1)
2
0.013(0.33)
7
0.004(0.1)
2
0.013(0.33)
7
0.005(0.13)
3
0.016(0.4)
8
0.005(0.13)
3
0.016(0.4)
8
0.0063(0.16)
4
0.020(0.51)
9
0.0063(0.16)
4
0.020(0.51)
9
0.008(0.2)
5
0.025(0.64)
10
0.008(0.2)
5
0.025(0.64)
10
0.010(0.25)
6
0.032(0.81)
11
0.010(0.25)
6
0.032(0.81)
11
SetC
WireNo.
SetD
WireNo.
C组
线号C
D组
线号D
0.032(0.81)
11
0.100(2.5)
16
0.032(0.81)
11
0.100(2.5)
16
0.040(1.02)
12
0.126(3.2)
17
0.040(1.02)
12
0.126(3.2)
17
0.050(1.27)
13
0.160(4.06)
18
0.050(1.27)
13
0.160(4.06)
18
0.063(1.6)
14
0.200(5.1)
19
0.063(1.6)
14
0.200(5.1)
19
0.080(2.03)
15
0.250(6.4)
20
0.080(2.03)
15
0.250(6.4)
20
0.100(2.5)
16
0.320(8)
21
0.100(2.5)
16
0.320(8)
21
3.5.2IQISelection
3.5.2.1ThedesignatedessentialminimumwirediametershallbeasspecifiedinTable5
Table5IQISELECTION表5象质计选用
3.5.2IQI选用
3.5.2.1应显示的最小线径必须按表5规定。
Nominalsingle-wallMaterialThicknessRange,in(mm)
单壁标称材料厚度范围
in(mm)
SourceSideIQI射源侧IQI
FilmSideIQI胶片侧IQI
EssentialWire
Diameter
应显示的线径
in(mm)
WireNo.
线号
EssentialWire
Diameter
应显示的线径
in(mm
WireNo.
线号
Upto0.25,incl.≤0.25(≤6.4)
0.008(0.2)
5
0.006(0.16)
4
Over0.25thr.0.375>0.25~0.375(>6.4~9.5)
0.010(0.25)
6
0.008(0.2)
5
Over0.375thr.0.5>0.375~0.5(>9.5~12.7)
0.013(0.33)
7
0.010(0.25)
6
Over0.5thr.0.75>0..5~0.75(>12.7~19.1)
0.016(0.4)
8
0.013(0.33)
7
Over0.75thr.1.00>0.75~1.00(>19.1~25.4)
0.020(0.51)
9
0.016(0.4)
8
Over1.00thr.1.50>1.00~1.50(>25.4~38.1)
0.025(0.64)
10
0.020(0.51)
9
Over1.50thr.2.00>1.50~2.00(>38.1~50.8)
0.032(0.81)
11
0.025(0.64)
10
3.5.2.2Forweldswithreinforcements,thethicknessonwhichtheIQIisbasedisthenominalsinglewallthicknessplustheestimatedweldreinforcementnottoexceedthemaximumpermittedbytheSectionⅧDivision1.Forweldswithoutreinforcements,thethicknessonwhichtheIQIisbasedisthenominalsinglewallthickness.InbothcasesbackingringsorstripsshallnotbeconsideredaspartoftheweldthicknessinIQIselection.
3.5.3PlacementofIQIs
3.5.3.1TheIQI(s)shallbeplacedonthesourcesideofthepartbeingexamined.WhenconfigurationorsizepreventsplacingtheIQI(s)onthepartorweld,theIQI(s)maybeplacedonaseparateblockincompliancewithpara.T-277.1ofSectionV.Theseparateblockshallbeplacedascloseas
3.5.2.2对有余高焊缝,象质计放处的厚度是标称单壁厚度加上不超过第Ⅷ卷第一分册中允许的焊缝最大余高估计值。
没有余高的焊缝,象质计放处的厚度是标称单壁厚度。
在以上两种情况下,衬环或衬带均不作为焊缝厚度的一部分来考虑。
3.5.3象质计的放置
3.5.3.1象质计必须放在被检工件的射线源侧。
当透照布置或结构尺寸妨碍象质计放在工件或焊缝上时,象质计可放在一个单独的试块(符合ASME第Ⅴ卷T-277.1要求)上。
此试块的放置应
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RADIOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONPROCEDUREFORBUTTWELDS
possibletothepartbeingradiographed.
3.5.3.2WhereinaccessibilitypreventshandplacingtheIQI(s)onthesourceside,theIQI(s)shallbeplacedonthefilmsideincontactwiththepartbeingexamined.Aleadletter“F”shallbeplacedadjacenttoorontheIQI(s).
3.5.3.3TheIQI(s)shallbeplacedontheweldsothatthelengthofthewiresisperpendiculartothelengthoftheweld.Theidentificationnumber(s)and,whenused,theleadletter“F”shallnotbeintheareaofinterest,exeptwhengeometricconfigurationmakesitimpractical.
3.5.4NumberofIQIs
3.5.4.1Whenoneormorefilmholdersareusedforanexposure,atleastoneIQIimageshallappearoneachradiograph.
3.5.4.2Ifthedensityoftheradiographanywherethroughtheareaofinterestvariesbymorethanminus15%orplus30%fromthedensityadjacenttothedesignatedwireofawireIQI,withintheminimum/maximumallowabledensityrangesspecified,thenanadditionalIQIshallbeusedforeachexceptionalareaorareasandtheradiographretaken.
3.5.4.3Forcylindricalcomponentsorsphericalcomponentswherethesourceisplacedatthecenterofthecomponentforasingleexposure,atleastthreeIQIs,spacedapproximately120deg.apart,arerequired.
3.5.5IQISensitivity
RadiographyshallbeperformedwithatechniqueofsufficientsensitivitytodisplaytheessentialwireofawireIQI,whichisessentialindicationoftheimagequalityoftheradiograph.Theradiographsshallalsodisplaytheidentifyingnumbersandletters.Iftheessentialwiredonotshowonanyfilminamultiplefilmtechnique,butdoshowincompositefilmviewing,interpretationshallbepermittedonlybycompositefilmviewing.
3.6“B”Mark
Aleadsymbol“B”,withminimumdimensionsof13mminheightand1.6mminthickness,shallbeattachedtothebackofeachfilmholderduringeachexposuretodet