江苏专用高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测二十一阅读理解C篇专练二.docx

江苏专用高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测二十一阅读理解C篇专练二.docx

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江苏专用高考英语二轮复习专题限时检测二十一阅读理解C篇专练二

专题限时检测（二十一）　阅读理解C篇专练

（二）

（共3篇，限时24分钟）

A

（2020·南京、盐城二模）Listencarefullytothefootstepsinthefamilyhome,especiallyifithaswoodenfloors,andyoucanprobablyworkoutwhoitisthatiswalkingabout.Thefeaturesmostcommonlyusedtoidentifypeoplearefaces,voices,fingerprintsandretinalscans.Buttheir“behaviouralbiometrics”，suchasthewaytheywalk,arealsogiveaways.

Researchershave,forseveralyears,usedvideocamerasandcomputerstoanalysepeople'sgaits,andarenowquitegoodatit.Buttranslatingsuchknowledgeintoapracticalidentificationsystemcanbetricky—especiallyifthatsystemissupposedtobehidden.Camerasareoftenvisible,arehardtosetup,requiregoodlightingandmayhavetheirviewblockedbyotherpeople.SoateamledbyKrikorOzanyanoftheUniversityofManchester,inEnglandandPatriciaScullyoftheNationalUniversityofIreland,inGalwayhavebeenlookingforabetterwaytorecognisegait.Theiranswer:

pressuresensitivemats.

Inthemselves,suchmatsarenothingnew.Theyhavebeenpartofsecuritysystemsfordonkeys'years.ButDrOzanyanandDrScullyuseacomplexversionthatcanrecordtheamountofpressureappliedindifferentplacesassomeonewalksacrossit.Thesemeasurementsformapatternuniquetothewalker.DrOzanyanandDrScullythereforeturned,asisnowcommonforanythingtodowithpatternrecognition,toanArtificialIntelligencesystemthatusesmachinelearningtorecognisesuchpatterns.

Itseemstowork.Inastudypublishedearlierthisyearthetworesearcherstestedtheirsystemonadatabaseoffootstepstroddenby127differentpeople.Theyfoundthatitserrorrateinidentifyingwhowaswhowasamere0.7%.AndDrScullysaysthatevenwithoutadatabaseoffootstepstoworkwiththesystemcandeterminesomeone'ssex—womenandmen,withwideandnarrowpelvises（骨盆）respectively,walkindifferentways—andguess,withreasonableaccuracy,asubject'sage.

Amatbasedgaitrecognitionsystemhastheadvantagethatitwouldworkinanylightingconditions—evenpitchdarkness.Andthoughitmightfailtoidentifysomeoneif,say,shewaswearingstilettosandhadbeenenteredintothedatabasewhilewearingtrainers,itwouldbeveryhardtofoolitbyimitatingthegaitofanindividualwhowasallowedadmissiontoaparticularplace.

ThelatestphaseofDrOzanyan'sandDrScully'sprojectisaredesignofthemat.Theoldmatscontainedindividualpressuresensors.Thenewonescontainopticalfibres（光纤）．Lightemittingdiodes（二极管）distributedalongtwoneighbouringedgesofamattransmitlightintothefibres.Sensorsontheoppositeedges（andthustheoppositeendsoftheopticalfibres）measurehowmuchofthatlightisreceived.Anypressureappliedtopartofthematcausesadistortion（变形）inthefibresandaconsequentchangeintheamountoflighttransmitted.Boththelocationandamountofchangecanbeplottedandanalyzedbythemachinelearningsystem.

Dr.Ozanyansaysthattheteamhavebuiltademonstrationfibreopticmat,twometerslongandametrewide,usingmaterialsthatcost￡100（＄130）．Theyarenowtalkingtocompaniesaboutcommercializingit.Oneapplicationmightbeinhealthcare,particularlyfortheelderly.Afibreopticmatinstalledinanursinghomeoranoldperson'sownresidencecouldmonitorchangesinanindividual'sgaitthatwarncertainillnesses.Thatwouldprovideearlywarningofsomeonebeingatgreaterriskoffallingover,say,oroftheircognitionbecomingdamaged.

Gaitanalysismightalsobeusedasasecuritymeasureintheworkplace,monitoringaccesstorestrictedareas,suchaspartsofmilitarybases,serverfarmsorlaboratoriesdealingwithharmfulmaterials.Inthesecases,employeeswouldneedtoagreetotheirgaitsbeingscanned,justastheywouldagreetothescanningoftheirfacesorretinasforopticalsecuritysystems.

Perhapsthemostfascinatinguseofgaitrecognitionmats,though,wouldbeinpublicplaces,suchasairports.Forthattowork,thefootstepsofthosetoberecognisedwouldneedtohavebeenstoredinadatabase,whichwouldbehardertoarrangethanthecollectionofmugshotsandfingerprintsthatexistingairportsecuritysystemsrelyon.Somepeople,however,mightvolunteerforit.Manyaircreworpreregisteredfrequentflyerswouldwelcomeanythingthatspeededuponeofthemosttiresomepartsofmoderntravel.

语篇解读：

本文主要介绍了一种新的识别方法：

步态识别。

1．Camerabasedgaitrecognitionfailstocomeintowideuse,because________.

a．it'snoteasytofindthecameras

b．fingerprintrecognitionisstillpopular

c．sometimesthecamerascanbecovered

d．it'sawasteofmoneytofixtheequipment

e．goodlightingconditionscan'tbeguaranteed

f．it'sdifficulttosetupthesystem

A．a、c、f　　　　　　B．b、d、e

C．c、d、fD．c、e、f

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据第二段的一开始的三句话可知，虽然人们已经很擅长利用摄像机和计算机来分析人们的步态，但是将这些知识转化为实际的识别系统可能很难。

主要有这样几个原因：

camerasarehardtosetup,requiregoodlighting,mayhavetheirviewblockedbyotherpeople。

2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraphs6－8?

A．Thenewmatsfunctiongreatlywithindividualpressuresensorsbuiltin.

B．Thenewmatswillbelikelytoworkbetterwithenoughpressure.

C．Theelderlyarecuredoftheirdiseaseswiththemonitorofthefibreoptic.

D．Restrictedareasareaccessibletothosewiththeirgaitsscannedbeforehand.

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据第八段第二句“Inthesecases,employeeswouldneedtoagreetotheirgaitsbeingscanned,...”可知在这些场合，员工（的步态）需要和（之前）扫描过的步态一致。

即：

事先扫描过步态的人可以进入禁区。

3．Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph5?

A．Thematbasedgaitrecognitionsystem.

B．Thegaitstoredinthedatabase.

C．Theadvantageofworkinginanylightcondition.

D．Theadmissiontoaparticularplace.

解析：

选A　代词指代题。

阅读第五段的内容可知这个“it”是表示指代的，代替上文中所提到过的名词短语“Amatbasedgaitrecognitionsystem”。

4．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A．Listentoyourfootsteps

B．Applaudpatternrecognition

C．Lovethewayyouwalk

D．Betterthematsyoustepon

解析：

选C　标题归纳题。

本文主要介绍了一种新的安全识别方法：

步态识别。

这种识别方法可以用在公共场所，而且比传统的指纹识别方法速度更快，受到人们的欢迎。

所以你走路的姿态将来可以成为识别你的一种方法，所以要珍惜、爱你自己的步态。

用“Lovethewayyouwalk”作为标题，能够表达文章的主题。

B

（2020·苏、锡、常、镇二模）AlarmingheadlinessuggestoneinfourteenagegirlsintheUKareselfharming,motivatedbysexdiscriminationandpressurestolookgoodinaselfie（自拍）society.ThesestoriescomefromareportbyUKcharityTheChildren'sSociety,basedonanongoingsurveyof11,000childrenaged14.Amongthegirls,22percentsaidtheyhadselfharmedwhileboys9percent.

Butwhilethetermselfharmimprovesimagesofteenagerscuttingthemselves,thatmay,thankfully,beonlythemostextremeendofabroaderrange.Inthissurvey,participantsweremerelyaskediftheyhad“hurtthemselvesonpurposeinanyway”．

Somecouldhaveansweredyesforthingslikepunching（击拳）awallindissatisfactionordeliberatelygettingfallingdowndrunk.Otherscouldhavethoughtthequestionincludedmentalhurt.Suchselfdestructivebehaviourwouldnaturallybeofconcerntoparents,butwouldn'tbethatunusualforteenagers.MaxDavie,ahealthpromotionofficer,doesbelievethatselfharmamongteensissomewhatontherise—butthinksthequestioninthissurveywasnotspecificenoughtorevealitsrealuniversality.

Thelatestheadlinesjoinanongoingaccountaboutamentalhealthcrisisintoday'syouth.Someblamecutbacksinsocialservices,whileotherspointtoalooseningofsexualstandardsputtingteensatrisk.Forthosecautiousofnewtechnologies,itissocialmediaorthelatestpopularcomputergames.

Butsuchreportsalsodeservesomeskepticism.Claimsofhighratesofdepressionareusuallybasedonsurveyswithveryloose,nonmedicalcriteria.Thankfully,clinicaldepressionisstillrareinthisagegroup.

Infact,adifferentandregularlyrepeatedsurveyhasfoundnochangein11to15yearolds'happinesswithlifeasawholebetween1995and2020.Nordidtheirsatisfactionwiththeirappearancechange,whichmakesitstrangetoblametheselfieculturefortheapparentselfharmincrease.Thissurvey,calledUnderstandingSociety,evenfoundimprovementinhappinesswithfamilyandschoolworkoverthatperiod.ThesemoreoptimisticfindingswerealsointhelatestChildren'sSocietyreportbutwereburiedatthebottomoftheirpressrelease.

Daviethinkstheriseinselfharmmaynotbeduetoariseinunhappiness,butsimplythatthisagegroupnowseesselfharmasamoreculturallyacceptablewaytoexpressextremesufferings.“Itmaybethatpreviouslypeopledidn'tknowthatthiswassomethingyoucoulddo.Ifpeoplearetalkingaboutsomethingandnormalizingit,it'sprobablymorelikelythattheirpeerswilldoit.”

Ifthatisthecase,itisallthemorereasonnottomakeselfharmseemmorecommonthanitreallyis.

语篇解读：

本文主要谈论了青少年自残这种社会现象。

5．InresponsetothesurveyreportedbyTheChildren'sSociety,theauthorbelieves________.

A．thesurveyisunscientificasitaskedveryspecificquestions

B．theselfdestructivebehaviorforteensisworryingtoparents

C．thenumberofselfharmingteensisalarmingbecauseofselfies

D．theimagesofteens'selfharmarebecomingmorespecific

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据第三段第三句“Suchselfdestructivebehaviourwouldnaturallybeofconcerntoparents,butwouldn'tbethatunusualforteenagers.”可知，这种自我毁灭性的行为自然会引起父母的关注，但对于青少年来说也不算罕见。

6．WhatdoesMaxDaviethinkofselfharmamongteenagers?

A．Thesituationistooworrying.

B．Theriseissomewhatbeneficial.

C．Theproblemisactuallywidespread.

D．Thephenomenonisnotsouniversal.

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句“MaxDavie,ahealthpromotionofficer...revealitsrealuniversality.”可知，克斯·戴维斯（MaxDavie）确实认为青少年的自我伤害有所上升，但认为本次调查中的问题不够具体，无法揭示其真正的普遍性。

7．WhatcanweknowfromthesurveycalledUnderstandingSociety?

A．Teenagersinthepastlivedahappierlife.