第二讲头脑风暴.docx

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第二讲头脑风暴.docx

第二讲头脑风暴

论据扩展十二大法则

绝大多数大作文话题都可以通过以下几个方面进行扩展(简称论据扩展十二大法则),现列举如下:

经济(economy)、就业(employment)、时间(time)、空间(space)、心理(psychology)、生理(physiology)、环境(environment)、教育(education)、文化(culture)、科技(technology)、情感(emotion)和个人权利(humanright)。

我将通过列举一些例题来印证这十二大法则的实战性。

Sample1.

Somepeoplethinktobaccoshouldbemadeillegalinthesamewayasotherdrugsbecausetheproductscontainingitareaddictive.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?

  通过审题,此题问是否同意烟草行业被取缔。

同意则要列举烟草的一系列缺点,反之不同意,可列举其优点。

我们马上来看看十二大法则,当然不是每一项都应用,但是大多数都可以适用。

  Advantages

  经济:

revenue-risingforthecountryandbusinessmenconcerningthisarena,

  就业:

offertheopportunitiesofemploymentinvariousfronts,includingmanufacturing,transporting,selling,governing,forresidents

  时间:

 killingthetime

  心理:

 relieveone’spressure

  文化:

 forming/shapingcigarculture

  Disadvantages

  经济:

 money-consumingforsmokers

  生理:

 beaddictedtoit, harmfultosmokers’health,leadingtolungcancer

  环境:

 airpollution potentialhazardoffire

  空间:

 passivesmoking/second-handsmoking

  情感:

 beoverly-dependentonsmoking

经济(economy)、就业(employment)、时间(time)、空间(space)、心理(psychology)、生理(physiology)、环境(environment)、教育(education)、文化(culture)、科技(technology)、情感(emotion)和个人权利(humanright)。

 Sample2.

Manypeopleareoptimisticaboutthe21stcenturyandseeitasanopportunitytomakepositivechangestotheworld.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththeiroptimism?

  通过审题,此题无非就是我们21世纪是利大于弊还是弊大于利,所以只要列举21世纪发展的优缺点就可以了。

我将通过之前介绍的十二大法则来进行素材的扩展。

  Advantages:

  经济:

 economybepromoted,efficiencybeincreased

  科技:

 advancedtechnologyfacilitatespeople’slife

  时间:

 time-savingwhenconductingvariouskindsofactivities

  个人权利:

humanrightsbelaidmoreemphasison

  心理:

 increasingnumberofrecreationalactivitiestohelppeoplerelievefrompressure

  Disadvantages:

  就业:

 growingpopulation, fiercecompetition

  心理:

 pressurecomingfromarangeofaspects

  环境:

 environmentalpollutioncontinuinggettingworse

  

地道表达

1经济与效率

⏹有利于经济

Spur/boost/impeleconomy,generategovernmentrevenue,investmoreto..,earnforeigncurrency,create/generatejobopportunitiesandease/relieve/alleviatethepressureofunemployment,improvelivingstandard,easethefinancialburdenofstudents.redistributetheincome

⏹不利于经济

Hinder/hamper/impedethegrowthofeconomy,worsenthesituationofunemployment,layaheavyburdenonstudents’families,endangerthestabilityandsafetyofthesociety,

⏹不赞成国家投资的理由:

Wehaveaverylimitedbudget.Weshouldmakefulluseofthetaxpayers’moneytobenefitthecommonpeople.

Chinaisstilladevelopingcountry,whichisshortonfunds.Athousandandonethingsremaintobetakencareof.

Therearestillmanypeoplelivingbelowthepovertyline,andmanyeligiblechildrencannotreceivethebasiceducationforlackofmoney.

Priorityshouldwithoutdoubtbegiventothedevelopmentofinfrastructure,notthebuildingofartcenters.

 

2时间与空间(土地资源的占用)

⏹省时间:

time-saving

Savemuchtime,improveefficiency,makemoreprofits(可以转到经济)

Savespace,toconstructmorehealthcare-relatedbuildingstobenefitthepublicandentertainmentestablishmentstoenrichtheirspiritualandculturallife.

⏹浪费时间time-consuming

Sth/doingsthdirectly/indirectly

Waste/lavishtime

Occupythecherishedlandresources,

3就业与竞争

Becomingincreasinglycompetitive,whichisunfavorabletoseekingjobs,nottomentiondecentjobs,worsenthesituationofunemployment,leadtomanystress-relateddecreasessuchasdepression,insomnia,tonamebutafew.

Create/generatemoreandmorejobopportunities,foster/develop/cultivateastrongsenseofcompetitionandcooperation(转经济与效率)

4压力与健康

Imposeheavystrainon/leadtomoreandmoreemotionalandabnormalpsychologicalproblems/leadtomanystress-relateddiseasessuchasdepression,insomnia,tonamebutafew.

Ease/relieve/alleviatepressure,whichisfavorabletostudyingmoreefficiently/developtheirinterestsinotherfields

5智力与教育(心态,视野,精神状态)

正方:

Widenhorizons/enrichspirituallife/helpcultivateindependence/helpcultivatethesenseofcompetitionandcooperation/increasetheircreativityandimagination/helpfindjobseasily/getachancetoexperiencethetotallydifferentcultures/inspirechildren’sinterestin/traditionalwayandthinkinghaveenduredthetestoftimeandcouldhelpyoungpeopletoavoidmistake;/mostmanualworkinvolvesonlybasicknowledge;/makeitpossibleforthestudentstoaccumulatejobexperienceearlier;/Saveagreatdealoftimeandfundforboththegovernmentandthestudents/Gettingstudents’physicallyreadyfortheircareerisalsoapartofeducationpurpose;/deepentheirunderstandingofcertaincategories/layasolidfoundationforfurtherstudy/Astrongbodyisindispensableinthesuccessofsports/Studentscanlearnfromthesameprofessorsascollegesstudentsdo./Studentscandownloadandstorethelessons,whichenablesthemtochoosetheconvenienttimeforthemtostudy/Studentscancommunicatewithprofessorsthroughemailwhenquestionsoccur./Reducethecostofschoolbuildingsandthetripbetweenhomeandcampus/.deepenstudents’memoryofimportantknowledge/isnecessaryinlearningwhichrequiresmemorizingthings/bringasenseofbelonging

反方

1.stiflethedevelopmentofcreativity,imaginationandinterest/occupytheirstudytime/goastrayeasily/exposethemtothedarksidesofsociety/doesharmtotheirmentalhealth/failtoenjoycolorfullife/exertheavyfinancialburdenonthestudent’sfamily/Differentwayoflifeandcultureputstudents’physicalandmentalhealthatrisk./causebrainstraininthestudent’shomeland/istime-consuming/Collegesanduniversitiesarenotonlyplacesforlearningbutforsocialactivitiesaswell./Stayingbeforecomputerstoolongmayexertnegativeimpactonbothmentalandphysicalhealthoftheuser./Studentscangeton-the-siteguidancefromthefacultymembers./Passingonknowledgeisonlypartoftheroleofeducation.Teacherscannotbereplacedinmoldingstudents’characteristicsandteachingthecorrectattitudestowardssocietyandothers/Teachershelpstudentstochooseinformationandlearnitinacorrectway./Teachers’helpisnecessarywhenquestionsoccur./makeiteasierforthestudentstofindtheirjob/stimulatethedevelopmentofeconomywithwell-trainedlaborpool/facilitateunderstandingoftheoreticalknowledge

 

6发展与污染

1.Boostthelocaleconomy,increasethegovernmentrevenue,earnforeigncurrencyandimprovethelivingstandardofthelocals.Relievethepressureofunemployment.

2.Enhancemutualunderstanding,removehostilityandprejudice,promotegoodwillandstrengthenties.Maintainworldpeace.

3.Showcasethebrilliantcultureandglorioushistory.Promotecross-culturalcommunication.Improvetheimageofaplace.Increasereputationandupgradethestatusintheinternationalcommunity.

4.Improvethelivingenvironmentandbetterthebasicfacilities.Increaseinvestmentininfrastructure.

5.Improvethequalityofthelocals.Exposethemtotheoutsideworld.Widentheirvisionanddevelopabroadermind.

6.leadtotheextinctionofsomespecies

7.resultinshortageofenergyandnaturalresources

8.beirreparableandirreversibledamage

9.breaktheecologicalbalance

10.leadtoextravagantwasteofpublicfunds

11.bethedryingupofourlimitednaturalresourcesandthedeteriorationoftheenvironment

12.contaminateenvironment

13.generateelectromagneticradiationandjeopardizehumanhealth

14.bringabouttheriskssuchascomputervirus,nuclearleakage,biologicalweapons,globalwarming,exhaustionofnaturalresourcesandextinctionofmanyplantandanimalspecies

15.bearootofallevil

16.aggravatethetrafficjamsandworsenthecrowdedness

17.willpayahighpriceforthisnegativedevelopmentof

 

7权力与隐私

Violate/invade/intrude(侵犯(动词))rights/privacy/pride/dignityseriously

Thebrazenviolation/invasion(侵犯(名词))ofrights,interests,privacyanddignity.

8责任与义务

Take/shoulder/assumetheresponsibility

Shirkofftheresponsibility

练习:

思路分析(科技与教育)

Maintainingpubliclibrariesisawasteofmoneysincethecomputertechnologyisreplacingtheirfunction.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?

  翻译:

  维持公共图书馆是对金钱的浪费,因为计算机科技正在代替公共图书馆的功能。

你在何种程度上同意或反对?

  抛砖:

  公共图书馆的很多功能是计算机难以取代的。

首先对于计算机盲而言,纸质书籍是一种必须;另外对于喜欢阅读纸质书籍感觉的人,在图书馆里一群读书人中间阅读是一种享受。

  而且图书馆提供了一个场所,可以举办讲座,沙龙和各种展览,促进有相同阅读爱好的人相互交流。

  最重要的是公共图书馆还是城市文化的象征。

一个藏书量巨大的图书馆,体现着一个城市人民对书籍、对知识的热爱。

虽然我们可以在电脑上看书,但是公共图书馆有自己独特的不可被取代的功能。

 

Withtheincreasinguseofmobilephonesandcomputers,lesspeopletendtowriteletters.Somepeoplethinktheskillofwritingletterswilldisappearcompletely.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?

Howimportantdoyouthinkletterwritingis?

  翻译:

  随着手机和电脑使用的增加,倾向于写信的人变少了。

有些人认为写信的技能会完全消失。

你在何种程度上同意或反对?

你认为写信有多重要?

  抛砖:

  在可见的未来,写信的技能不会消失。

首先,虽然人们会用手机联系,会通过电脑发邮件,但是碰到正式的场合,比如正规的商业往来或者郑重的情感表达,人们还是倾向于用信件来表达。

  另外,在欠发达地区,人们还不是很容易接触到新技术,如手机和电脑,写信仍然是传递信息最简单的方式。

即使是在发达地区,有些人会因为计算机技术问题拒绝使用电脑写邮件。

  的确,电脑的普及让人们在可能的情况下尽可能选择打字;但是正式场合或者表达情感,以及条件不具备的情况下,人们仍会写信,这是我们日常生活不可或缺的一部分。

 

Itisnowpossibletoperformeverydaytasksasbanking,shoppingandbusinesstransactionswithoutmeetingpeopleface-to-face.Whatistheeffectitmaybringontheindividualsandthesocietyasawhole?

  翻译:

  现在,不用与人面对面完成每天的任务如银行业务、购物和商务交易成为可能。

这给个人和社会整体带来什么影响?

  抛砖:

  对个人而言,首先是生活的便利性,不用去银行排队,不用去很多商店就可以比较各种商品,不用见面也能进行商务谈判。

但是随之也带来一系列问题,比如人们之间面对面的情感交流减少,而且出现网络交易的纠纷很难解决。

对社会整体而言,首先是保护了环境,人们远程办公或者交易的结果是不用出门工作,减少了交通造成的环境污染。

但是网络交易会产生很多安全问题,而且就业岗位发生了变化,很多原来的岗位减少了,比如售货员,银行的柜台服务;新兴岗位增加了,例如系统管理员和快递员。

 

 

Somepeopleclaimthatpublicmuseumsandartgallerieswillnotbeneededbecausepeoplecanseehistoricalobjectsandworksbyusingcomputers.

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