专四语法考点梳理.docx

上传人:b****6 文档编号:4770290 上传时间:2022-12-08 格式:DOCX 页数:50 大小:53.15KB
下载 相关 举报
专四语法考点梳理.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共50页
专四语法考点梳理.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共50页
专四语法考点梳理.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共50页
专四语法考点梳理.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共50页
专四语法考点梳理.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共50页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

专四语法考点梳理.docx

《专四语法考点梳理.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专四语法考点梳理.docx(50页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

专四语法考点梳理.docx

专四语法考点梳理

专四语法考点梳理一:

虚拟语气

 SectionOne:

概述

  虚拟语气类型

  宾语从句

  状语从句

  名词性从句(主语从句,同位语从句,表语从句)

  定语从句

  特殊类型(感叹句)

  省略if的虚拟法(倒装)

  Examples

  Therapidchangeofsocietyrequiresthatcollegestudentsadapttotheworldoutsidecampusbygettingtoknowthesociety.

  Iwouldratherthatyoudidnothingforthetimebeing.

  IwishthatIwereastudentagain.

  IwishedthatIhadfollowedhissuggestion.

  名词性从句中的虚拟

  主语从句(itis+adj./p.pthat)

  同位语从句(The+n.that)

  表语从句(n.+bethat)

  省略if的虚拟法(倒装)

(1)

  虚拟语气中如果从句引导词if/whether省略,从句中需要倒装,提前助动词(系动词)或情态动词。

  Eg.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotbeabletohavethesportsmeeting.

  =Shoulditraintomorrow,weshouldnotbeabletohavethesportsmeeting.

  省略if的虚拟法(倒装)

(2)

  Eg.Whetherit(may)befineorrainy,wewouldhavethesportsmeeting.

  =Beitfineorrainy,wewouldhavethesportsmeeting.

  Ifshehadbeengivenmoreinformation,shecouldhaveansweredthequestions.

  =Hadshebeengivenmoreinformation,shecouldhaveansweredthequestions.

SectionTwo:

  虚拟语气的动词标志

  "insist,suggest,require,request,demand,propose,prefer,maintain,move,urge,recommend,command,order"等动词表"建议、愿望"时,其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

Should+V

  wish其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

  虚拟语气的名词标志

  1 “necessity”或“suggestion”等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

  2 名词word表“命令”时,其后主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词需用虚拟语气 (should)+V。

  3 wish作名词时其后主语从句,表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词需用虚拟语气(should)+V。

  虚拟语气的形容词标志

  Itis+adj.that句型中出现形容词如necessary,important,vital,decisive,critical,crucial,urgent,strange,desirable,advisable,disappointing,或过去分词充当的形容词如suggested,proposed,advised,demanded,requested,required等时,that 句中用should+V 表示虚拟。

  虚拟的介词标志

  But for相当于ifithadnotbeenfor。

  Butforherhelp,Iwouldhavelostmyway.

  Without,intheabsenceof等组成的短语可相当于一个虚拟的条件从句。

  Withoutthelightandheatofthesun,whatwouldbecomeofalltheanimalsonearth?

  Intheabsenceofwater,plantswouldnotgrowwell.

  Under…condition,也可相当于一个虚拟条件从句。

  Undermorefavorableconditions,wewouldhavemademoreachievements.

  错综时间的虚拟

  条件状语从句中谓语动词的形式可与主句中谓语动词的形式不“配套”,即错综时间的虚拟。

  IfhehaddoneasIhadsuggestedthen,hewouldn'tberegretfulnow.

  Iftheyhadn'tfoundusthen,wewouldstillbemissingonthesea.

  IfIhadn'tmadesufficientpreparationfortheexamthen,Iwouldn'tbeincollegenow.

  虚拟和事实

  (前虚拟后事实)标志:

 but

  Eg.Iwouldhavegonetothepartywithyou,butIwastoobusy.

  = IfIhadn'tbeentoobusy,Iwouldhavegonetothepartywithyou.

  (前事实后虚拟)标志:

 otherwise

  Eg.Iwastoobusythen,otherwiseIwouldhavegonetothepartywithyou.

  MoreInformation

  was(were)+tohavedone(不定式完成式)表示“原来想做而未做”后面通常but…(陈述语气)。

  Eg.Iwastohavearrivedhomeontime,butmycarwasheldupbyabadtrafficjam.

  hadhoped表示过去未实现的愿望,其从句中谓语动词要用虚拟would+V。

  Eg.Ihadhopedthathewouldagreetolendmethemoney.

专四语法考点梳理二:

反义疑问句

TagQuestions反意疑问句

  DetailedPoints

  首先判断是助动词还是情态动词

  1.Haveto

  反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有haveto时,附加疑问句通常用助动词do。

  Youhavetostudyhard,don'tyou?

  Idon'thavetogetupearly,doI?

  Theyhadtoobeytherulesandregulationsoftheschool,didn'tthey?

  Shedidn'thavetodoitherself,didshe?

  2.Need

  反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时,need做情态动词,附加疑问句仍用need,need做实义动词时,附加问句用助动词do。

  Theyneedn'tmakesuchaloudnoise,needthey?

  Heneedsthemoneyforhisson'seducation,doesn'the?

  3.Hadbetter

  反意疑问句的陈述部分为hadbetter时,附加问用助动词had。

  Youhadbettergoatonce,hadn'tyou?

  We'dbettercalloffourappointment,hadn'twe?

  4.Wouldrather

  反意疑问句的陈述部分为wouldrather时,附加问句用情态动词would。

  You'drathernotdoit,wouldyou?

  Shewouldratherdiethansurrendertotheenemy,wouldn'tshe?

  5.Usedto

  反意疑问句的陈述部分为usedto时,附加问句用助动词did。

  YouusedtostayuplateeveryeveningwatchingTV,didn'tyou?

  6.Oughtto

  反意疑问句的陈述部分为oughtto时,附加问句用助动词should.

  Sheoughttogobyplane,shouldn'tshe?

  Weoughtnottolaughatothers'mistakes,shouldwe?

  7.Must

  反意疑问句的陈述部分有must,附加问句分三种情况:

  ⑴mustdo—mustn't必须

  ⑵mustbe—随人称用系动词一般现在时

⑶musthavedone—didn't

(4)must有必要—needn’t

  ①Wemustbooktheticketinadvance,mustn'twe?

 (必须)

  ②Shemustbeintheoffice,isn'tshe?

  (肯定)对现在事情的肯定猜测。

③Hemusthavedonehishomework,didn'the?

(肯定)对过去事情的肯定猜测。

4youmustgoandhavealook,needn’tyou?

  8.Wish

  反意疑问句的陈述部分是wish时,附加问句用情态动词may。

  Iwishtoshakehandswithyou,mayI?

  人称和数

  1.陈述部分主语是"I"时,附加问句的人称分二种情况:

  ⑴Ihopethat…,don'tyou?

  Ican'tbelieveit,canyou?

  ⑵Iwillbe14tomorrow,aren'tI?

  I aminterestedinit,aren'tI?

  2.

  陈述部分主语是everything、nothing、something等时看作单数,附加问句用it指代。

  陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody、nobody、somebody、someone、noone、anybody、anyone等时看作复数,附加问句用they指代。

  陈述部分主语是不定代词one时,附加问句用one指代。

  3.

  Nothingisamazingthere,isit?

  Something willhavetobedoneabouttheprice,won'tit?

  Nobodyisleavingtomorrow,arethey?

  Everyonehopestogetpromoted,don'tthey?

  Someonelefttheirumbrellainthebus,didn'tthey?

  Onecan'tbetoocareful,canone?

  祈使句后面的附加问句

  1.祈使句后面的附加问句,分三种情况;

  ⑴表客气、委婉、邀请、劝诱、愿望等时,用won'tyou。

  Haveacupofcoffee,won'tyou?

  ⑵表命令、强制的要求、请求时,用willyou。

  Doitatonce,willyou?

  ⑶否定祈使句用willyou。

  Don'tclosethedoor,willyou?

  2.

  Let's和letus后面的附加问句,分两种情况;

  ⑴let's包括对方在内,用shallwe或shan'twe。

  ⑵letus不包括对方在内,用willyou或won'tyou。

  Let后接非us之外的人称如me、him、her、them等时,附加问句用willyou。

  3.

  

(1)Let句型

  let'sgotothemovies,shallwe?

  letusgotothemovies,willyou?

  lethimgo,willyou?

  letmeattendthefarewellparty,willyou?

  

(2)There+be句型的反意疑问句

  There+be句型的反意疑问句,附加问句用bethere/benotthere,由主语人称时态和数决定。

  Therewon'tbeanytrouble,willthere?

  There'snotmuchnewsintoday'spaper,isthere?

  Therehasbeenmuchconfusionsincehisarrival,hasn’tthere?

  (3)This/that/Itis/wasthethirdtimethat句型

  This/that/Itis/wasthethirdtimethat等句型中,反意主句,用it指代。

  Thisisthethirdtimethisweekhehasbeenlate,isn't it?

  ItwasthesecondtimethatshehadbeentotheGreatWall,wasn'tit?

  主从复合句

  1.

  Ithink(suppose…)宾语从句结构,附加问句反意从句分两种情况;

  ⑴前肯定句,后用否定句。

  Ithinkthatheisserious,isn'the?

  ⑵前有否定句,后面附加问句用肯定(Idon'tthink)。

  Idon'tsupposethatsheisserious,isshe?

  上述主从复合句主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时,反意主句。

  TheythinkMarywillpasstheexamination,don't they?

  2.

  Ihope+宾语从句结构,附加问句用don'tyou。

  Ihopethattheystudyhard,don'tyou?

  感叹句后的附加问句

  感叹句后的附加问句指人时,根据人称、数决定用什么指代。

指物时,根据单复数决定,用it/they指代。

  Whataninterestingstory,isn'tit?

  Whatafunnyman,isn'the?

  Howsillytheyare,aren'tthey?

专四语法考点梳理三:

倒装句

Inversion倒装

  带否定意义的副词置于句首时

  带否定意义的词置于句首时,主谓语需要倒装。

  Rarelydoeshegotothemovies.

  Notforamomentdidhedoubtthetruthofherhonesty.

  LittledoIknowaboutthemeaningofthisproverb.

  NeverbeforethenighthadIfelttheextentofmypower.

  含有否定词的介词短语在句首时

  含有否定词的介词短语在句首时,句子主谓倒装。

  这类介词短语包括:

innocase,atnotime,innoway,bynomeans,onnoaccount,innosense,undernocircumstances,等等。

意思为“决不,在任何情况下都不。

  “Only+状语”置于句首时的倒装

  “Only+状语”置于句首时,主谓语需要倒装。

  1)OnlybypracticingalotoutsideclasscanwespeakEnglishfluently.

  2)OnlywhenIsawhimdidIrememberthatIpromisedtobringhimagift.

  3)OnlythendidIknowthatIwaswrong.

  notonly位于句首时的倒装

  句首是notonly且连接分句结构时,引起局部(部分)倒装。

  Notonlydidweloseourmoney,butwewerealsoindangeroflosingourlives.

  Notonlycanhesingverywell,buthecanalsoplaysomemusicalinstrumentveryskillfully.

  neither,nor表示“也不”时的倒装

  句首是neither,nor表示“也不”时,主谓语需要倒装。

  Icouldn'tsolvetheproblem,neither/norcouldmybrother.

  =Icouldn'tsolvetheproblem.Mybrothercouldn't,either.

  Ididn'tgotoschool,nordidMary.

  =Ididn'tgotoschool.Marydidn't,either.

  so表示“也是,同样”时的倒装

  句首是so表示“也是,同样”时,主谓语需要倒装。

  Copperisagoodconductor;soissilver.

  Johnfailedintheexam;sodidMark.

  Hetakespartinsportsactivities,sodohisclassmates.

  IhavebeentotheTempleofHeaven,sohasshe.

  平衡倒装

  There+be或其它不及物动词come,go,happen,occur,stand,exist等结构中,为避免句子头重脚轻,平衡倒装。

  Therestandsanoldhousethatisbeingpulleddown.

  Thereexistedahostilerelationshipbetweenthetwofamilies.

  Therearemanyhobbiesinvolvingthecreativityofaperson.

  Such/so…that句型中的倒装

  Such/so…that句型中such+名词或so+形容词,副词等位于句首时,主句中主谓倒装。

  Sobadlywasheinjuredintheaccidentthathehadtostayinthehospitalfortreatment.

  SoexcitedwasIthatIdidn’tknowwhattosay.

  比较状语从句中的倒装

  than引导的比较状语从句中,主从句谓语趋向中间以达到平衡,此时从句要求主谓倒装。

  Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,manislesslimitedbynaturethanwerehisforefathers/ancestors.

  表频率的状语至于句首倒装

  表频率的状语至于句首,倒装。

  Manyatimehashegivenussoundadvice.

  Twiceaweekdoeshegotovisithisgrandparents.

  Morethanoncehaveweheardhimmakesuchpromises.

  As,though让步状语从句中倒装

  在以as,though引导的让步状语从句中,从句常用倒装语序,把表语或状语提前。

(名,形,副,动词)

  Childthatheis,hecandistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.

  Intelligentas/thoughyouare,youshouldbemodest.

  MuchasIadmirehim,Idon'tthinkheisperfect.

  Tryasshedid,shefailedagain.

  虚拟语气中的倒装

  虚拟语气中省略“if”或“whether”时的倒装。

  Wereitlefttometochoose,Ipreferthelattertotheformer.

  Haditnotrainedsoheavily,wewouldhavevisitedtheSummerPalaceyesterday.

  Bewerichorpoor,weshouldhaveourowndignity.

  副词至于句首

  Here、there、in、out、up、down等表示方位的副词至于句首时,主谓需要倒装。

  Herecomesthebus.

  Theretheywent.

专四语法考点梳理四:

主谓一致

Subject&VerbAgreement

  主谓一致

  集体名词做主语

  集体名词做主语时,谓语动词情况有三种

  ①有些集体名词如cattle、folk、people、youth、clergy(教士)、police等常做复数看。

  Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.

  集体名词做主语

  ②有些集体名词(表示总称)如machinery、stationery,merchandise(商品)、foliage,(树和植物叶子的总称)furniture,e

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 高中教育 > 其它课程

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1