专四阅读详解 3.docx

专四阅读详解 3.docx

《专四阅读详解 3.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专四阅读详解 3.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

专四阅读详解3

星期3Wednesday

Rejoicinginhope,patientintribulation.从希望中得到欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

错误统计

做题备忘

TextA

自然保护

460

5分钟

/5

TextB

商业贸易

400

5.5分钟

/5

TextC

历史事件

575

7.5分钟

/5

TextD

社会管理

415

7分钟

/5

今日练习

TextA

Theenvironmentiseverythingthatsurroundsus:

plants,animals,buildings,country,air,water—literallyeverythingthatmightaffectus.Theenvironmentofatown,withitsbuildingsandtrafficanditsnoiseandsmells,whereeveryoneisontopofeveryoneelse,isafarcryfromthatofthecountryside,withitsfieldsandcrops,itswildanddomesticanimalsanditsfeelingofspaciousness.Andtheenvironmentdiffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.

Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminatedoranunfriendlyspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset—inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed.

Man,asapartoftheenvironment,hasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreaturewithhisignorance,greed,thoughtlessfoolishnessandwastefulness.

Hehadpoisonedtheatmosphereandpollutedbothlandandwater.Hehassquanderedtheearth’snaturalresourceswithnothoughtforthefuture,andhasthoughtoutthemostsavagewaysofkillinghisfellowmen—andeveryothersortoflife.

Sincemanhasdonesomuchdamage,itisuptomantoputmattersright—ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter.

Oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesistheworld’soverpopulationanditsgrowingatanever-increasingrate.Meanwhileweareusingupournaturalresources—fuelsandmineralores—atanever-increasingratewithnohopeofreplacingthem.

Formanyyearstheearthhasbeenunabletoprovideenoughfoodfortheserapidlyexpandingpopulationsandthepositionissteadilyworseningsincethefertilityofsomeofourrichestsoilshasbeenlostandvastareasoncefertilehaveturnedintobarrendeserts.Andthetroublewithdesertsisthattheytendtocreepoutwardsontothefertilesoils.WhatisnowthenorthernSaharaDesertwasthecradleofthecivilizedworld2,500yearsago.

Evenatthismomentmanyoftheearth’snaturaltreasuresarebeingdestroyed,manyvaluableanimalsandplantsarebeingkilledoff,anditisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttogrowenoughfoodtopreservemuchoftheearth’spopulationfromstarvation.Thesituationisgettingoutofhand.Timeisrunningout.Butwithyourhelp,wemaybeabletoreversethetrendsthreateningourveryexistence.Whocares?

1.“Theenvironmentofatown…isafarcryfrom…”inPara.1means

[A]thetownhasfarmorebuildingsetc.thanthatofthecountryside.

[B]theenvironmentintownisfarbetterthanthatinthecountryside.

[C]theenvironmentintownisquitedifferentfromthatofthecountryside.

[D]theenvironmentofatownisnobetterthanthatofthecountryside.

2.Whatdoestheecologicalbalancedependon?

[A]Thepreservationofenvironment.

[B]Howmuchfertilelandswehave.

[C]Theintroductionofunfriendlyspecies.

[D]Naturalresources.

3.MenhavedoneallthefollowingdamagetotheecologyEXCEPT

[A]pollutingtheair.

[B]wastingnaturalresources.

[C]killingthefuturegenerations.

[D]causingthedeathofotherlivingcreature.

4.Attheendofparagraph7,theauthorimpliesthat

[A]thenorthernSaharaDesertresultedfromnaturaldisasters.

[B]thenorthernSaharaDesertisnewlyformed.

[C]thenorthernSaharaDesertwasfertileinthepast.

[D]thenorthernSaharaDeserthasalonghistory.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto

[A]informpeopleaboutthescienceofecology.

[B]urgepeopletodosomethingabouttheenvironment.

[C]criticizesomeactionsofhumanbeings.

[D]helpusunderstandtheworldwelivein.

TextB

WhywouldBillGateschoosetochallengethefederalgovernmentandtwentyattorneys-generalovertheWebbrowsers?

Pickingafightwithpowerfulgovernmentregulatorscanonlybejustifiedforoneoftworeasons:

alegitimatefearthatMicrosoftwillbedrasticallyreducedinvalueiftheregulatorsgettheirway—orareasonableprospectthatMicrosoftwilldramaticallyincreaseinvalueifitgetsitsway.

ThebestwaytoprotectandenhanceMicrosoft’svalueistotransformitscurrent90percentshareintheopeningsystemmarket（yesterday’scomputingmarket）intoanequivalentshareintheaccesstotheInternetmarket（today’scomputingmarket）.

ThekeytoolenablingMicrosofttomovefromonemarkettoanotheriswhattheregulatorscallthe“first-screenrequirement”.MicrosoftrequiresthatallcomputersusingWindowsbeshippedsowhatthefirstscreenconsumersseeisexactlythescreenthatMicrosoftwantsthemtosee.Theconsumerhasnoabilitytotellthemanufacturertochangethefirstscreeninanyway.

Withoutthefirst-screenrequirement,consumersmightwelldecidetotellthemanufacturernottochangethefirstscreenandenjoythe“Windowsexperience”justasMicrosofthopes.Ontheotherhand,theymightjustaseasilyalloworaskthemanufacturertochangethefirstscreensothattheycanenjoythe“Compaqexperience”,the“IBMexperience”oreventhe“Netscapeexperience”.

Microsoft’sfirst-screenrequirementislikeacarmanufacturerwitha90percentmarketsharetellingitscarbuyersthattheycanreplacethecarradio,butonlyiftheydotheinstallationallbythemselves.Afewhardysoulsmaymakethereplacement,buttherestofuswouldprobablydecidethattheoriginalradiowasgoodenough.

Withthefirst-screenrequirement,Microsoft’sbrowserdoesnothavetobethebesttoachievevirtuallytotalmarketshare.Itmerelyhastobe“goodenough”topreventeveryoneotherthanthehardiestoftheusersfromchangingtoanotherbrowser.

Withthe“goodenough”browserandtheresultingmarketshare,Microsoftwouldnotonlyhavecontroloverusers’accesstotheInternet,butwouldbeabletouseitsdominanceinthatmarkettobereadyforthenextmarket,whateveritmaybe.Withstakesthathigh,itisnotsurprisingthatBillGatesandMicrosofthavedecidedthatafiercebattlewithfederalregulatorsisworththerisk.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,Microsoftissodaringastofightthefederalregulatorsto

[A]keepmovingtoamoreprofitablemarket.

[B]stopgovernment’sinterferencewithbusiness.

[C]protecttherightsofitsconsumers.

[D]changepartoflawsystem.

7.WhatisMicrosoft’sstrategytomovetoanothermarket?

[A]SellingtheWebbrowser.[B]Theopeningsystem.

[C]Thefirst-screenrequirement.[D]TheInternet.

8.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutthefirst-screenrequirement?

[A]ItprotectsandenhancesMicrosoft’svalueintoday’scomputingmarket.

[B]ItenablesMicrosofttotransformitsmarketsuccessfully.

[C]Itpreventstheconsumersfromchangingthefirstscreen.

[D]Itallowstheconsumerstoenjoythe“IBMexperience”.

9.Whydon’tmostconsumersofMicrosoft’sWindowsreplaceitsWebbrowser?

[A]BecausetheybelievethatotherbrowsersarenotasgoodasMicrosoft’s.

[B]Becausetheyprobablycan’tmakethereplacementbythemselves.

[C]BecauseMicrosoftdoesnotallowthemtodothat.

[D]BecauseWindowsintheircomputerswon’tworkwelliftheydoso.

10.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,weknowthat

[A]thebestbrowserisindispensabletoachievingtotalmarketshare.

[B]Microsoftsuccessfullypreventstheusersfromchangingtootherbrowsers.

[C]the“goodenough”browserwillhelpMicrosoftdominatethenextmarket.

[D]it’sreasonableforBillGatesandMicrosofttopickafightwithfederalregulators.

TextC

Fiftyyearsago,IjoinedAlbertEinstein,BertrandRussellandeightothersinsigningamanifestowarningofthedreadfulconsequencesofnuclearwar.Thisstatement,theRussell-EinsteinManifesto,wasEinstein’sfinalpublicact.Hediedshortlyaftersigningit.Now,inmy97thyear,Iamtheonlyremainingsignatory.Becauseofthis,IfeelitismydutytocarryEinstein’smessageforward,intothis60thyearsincethedestructionofHiroshimaandNagasaki,whichevokedalmostuniversaloppositiontoanyfurtheruseofnuclearweapons.

IwastheonlyscientisttoresignonmoralgroundsfromtheUnitedStatesnuclearweaponsprogramknownastheManhattanProject.OnAug.6,1945,IswitchedonmyradioandheardthatwehaddroppedthebombonHiroshima.Iknewthatanewerahaddawnedinwhichnuclearweaponswouldbeused,andIgrewworriedaboutthefutureofmankind.

Severalyearslater,ImetBertrandRussellonthesetoftheBBCTelevisionprogram“Panorama”,wherewediscussedthenewhydrogenbomb.Ihadbecomeanauthorityonthebiologicaleffectsofradiationafterexaminingthefallout（放射尘）fromtheAmericanhydrogenbombtestinBikiniAtollin1954.Russell,whowasincreasinglyagitatedaboutthedevelopments,startedtocometomeforinformation.Russelldecidedtopersuadeanumberofeminentscientistsfromaroundtheworldtojoinhiminissuingastatementoutliningthedangersofthermonuclear（热核的）warandcallingonthescientificcommunitytoconveneaconferenceonavertingthatdanger.

ThemosteminentscientistaliveatthattimewasAlbertEinstein,whorespondedimmediatelyandenthusiasticallytoRussell’srequest.Andsothemanwhosymbolizedtheheightofhumanintellectadoptedwhatbecamehislastmessage—thismanifesto,whichimploredgovernmentsan