高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档 专题三 阅读理解 第二步 真题演练二含答案.docx

高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档 专题三 阅读理解 第二步 真题演练二含答案.docx

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高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练二含答案

真题演练

（二）　[2016·江苏]

A

e-Learning：

AnAlternativeLearningOpportunity

DaySchoolProgram

SecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard（TDSB）areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.

Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovative，relevantandinteractivelearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation.

Theseon-linecourses：

aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers；

arepartoftheTDSBstudent’stimetable；and，

appearonthestudent’sreportuponcompletion.

Benefitsofe-Learning

Include：

accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool；

usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation；and，

assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts.

Ise-LearningforYou?

Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon-linecourseareusually：

abletoplan，organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities；

capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner；and，

abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess.

Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.

语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文.多伦多公立教育局邀请中学生选修一两门在线课程.文章介绍了在线课程的基本情况、优势及选课要求.

56．E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.

A．theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachers

B．theyarenotonthedayschooltimetable

C．theyarenotincludedonstudents’reports

D．theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses

答案　D

解析　细节理解题.由Theseon-linecourses下的内容可知A、B、C三项表述均不正确；根据Benefitsofe-Learning下的第一条“accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool”可知，这些在线课程在TDSB课程中可能学不到，它们是对TDSB课程的补充.故选D项.

57．Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-Learningcourses?

A．Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.

B．Todotheirassignmentsindependently.

C．Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.

D．Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题.根据Ise-Learningforyou下的“Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon-linecourseareusually...capableofworkingindependently...”可知，学生需要独立完成作业，与B项相符.

B

Chimps（黑猩猩）willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinct（本能）tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren，whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.

Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreatereffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage，hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.

Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp，informandsharearenottaught，butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（认知的）skills，atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.

Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat，evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”，agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文.主要介绍的是通过实验对比了黑猩猩与人类在相互帮助的本能方面的巨大不同.黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶尔合作外，在其他方面都是各顾各的，非常自私，而人却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性.

58．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?

A．Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.

B．Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.

C．Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.

D．Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题.根据第一、二段可知，黑猩猩很少关心其他的黑猩猩，比如第二段中的例子：

随意吃邻居盘子里的食物，根本不关心邻居是否有东西吃，再结合第二段最后一句“Chimpsaretrulyselfish.”，可知与A项说法一致.

59．MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey.

A．havetheinstincttohelpothers

B．knowhowtoofferhelptoadults

C．knowtheworldbetterthanchimps

D．trustadultswiththeirhandsfull

答案　A

解析　细节理解题.根据第三段中的“Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers...”可知，人类的孩子有帮助他人的本能.

60．Thepassageismainlyabout.

A．thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren

B．waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionality

C．cooperationasadistinctivehumannature

D．thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren

答案　C

解析　主旨大意题.通读全文可知，通过实验，发现黑猩猩没有相互帮助的本能，非常自私，而人类却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性.故C项为最佳答案.

C

ElNiño，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby

15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：

farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño，in1997-98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth

36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI），however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.

语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文.主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的由来、影响、危害等相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失.

61．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?

A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.

B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.

C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.

D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题.根据第一段第二句“ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.”可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化.

62．WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?

A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C．Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题.根据第二段第二句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺现象得到的东西要比它们失去的多.

63．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.

A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C．victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensation

D．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

答案　A

解析　推理判断题.根据第四段倒数第二句中的“...however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance...”可知以往政府对减少风险的投入太少，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失.

64．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A．TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.

B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.

C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.

D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.

答案　D

解析　写作意图题.根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisk...”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备.

D

Notsolongago，mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShelly-AnnFraser-Prycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuc