胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题.docx
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胡壮麟《语言学教程》修订版测试题
胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版)测试题
Chapter1 IntroductionstoLinguistics
I. Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman __________
A.contact B.communication C.relation D.community
2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?
A.tree B.typewriter C.crash D.bang
3.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is
__________.
A.interrogative B.directive C.informative D.performative
4. InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎(岁岁)平安”asa
meansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?
A.Interpersonal B.Emotive C.Performative D.Recreational
5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,due
tothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
A.Transferability B.Duality C.Displacement D.Arbitrariness
6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?
—Aniceday,isn’tit?
—Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight.
A.Emotive B.Phatic C.Performative D.Interpersonal
7. __________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’s knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.
A.Performance B.Competence C.Langue D.Parole
8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbe
sorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.
A.culturaltransmission B.productivity C.displacement D.duality
9. _________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.
A.Psycholinguistics B.Anthropologicallinguistics
C.Sociolinguistics D.Appliedlinguistics
10.________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
A.Linguistictheory B.Practicallinguistics
C.Appliedlinguistics D.Comparativelinguistics
II. Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11. Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.
12. Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.
13. Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.
14. Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.
15. Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegenetically
transmitted.
16. Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.
17. F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.
18. AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.
19. Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.
20. Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.
III. Fillintheblanks.(10%)
21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.
22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentences
basedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.
23. Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.
24. Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________
theory.
25. Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.
26. Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsome
rulesforpeopletoobserve.
27. Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.
28. Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.
29. Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersof
aspeechcommunity.
30. LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.
IV. Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
1.Designfeature
2.Displacement
3. Competence
4. Synchroniclinguistics
V. Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35. Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?
(南开大学,2004)
36. Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?
(北京第二外国语大学,2004)
VI. Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)
37. Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
Key:
[Inthereferencekeys,Iwon’tgiveexamplesorfurtheranalysis.Thatseemstoomuchworkforme.Therefore,thiskeyisonlyforreference.Inordertoanswerthiskindofquestion,youneedmoreexamples.Soyoushouldreadthetextbookcarefully.–icywarmtea]
I.1~5BACCC 6~10BACAC
II.11~15FFTFF 16~20FFFFF
III.21.verbal 22.productivity/creativity23.metalingualfunction 24.yo-he-ho25.scientific
26.descriptive27.speech 28.diachroniclinguistic29.langue 30.competence
IV.31.Designfeature:
Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguage
andanysystemofanimalcommunication.
32.Displacement:
Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whichare
notpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.
33. Competence:
Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;thatis,ofits
soundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,
theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelof
competence.
34.Synchroniclinguistics:
Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthe
presentoraparticularpointinthepast;synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.
Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.
V.35.Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–forinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.
Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.
36.Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.
VI.37.Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:
exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollow
thescientificprocedure:
formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainsttheobservablefacts–cometoaconclusion.
Chapter2 SpeechSounds
I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.
A.intonation B.tone C.pronunciation D.voice
2.Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).
A.allophone B.phone C.phoneme D.morpheme
3. Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.
A.analogues B.tagmemes C.morphemes D.allophones
4. Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas
__________.
A.glottis B.vocalcavity C.pharynx D.uvula
5. Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.
A.wide B.closing C.narrow D.centering
6. Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.
A.minimalpairs B.allomorphs C.phones D.allophones
7. Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.Acousticphonetics B.Articulatoryphonetics
C.Auditoryphonetics D.Noneoftheabove
8. Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n] B.[m] C.[b] D.[p]
9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
] B.[u] C.[e] D.[i]
10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.Voiceless B.Voiced C.Glottalstop D.Consonant
II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchas
syllable,wordandsentence.
12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.
13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutiono