1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx

1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx

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1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIIClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.（10points）

ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld’slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeople

intotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday’sworkforaday’spay.Onedayatatime.

industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive

reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.

itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationofpart-timersandtemporaryworkers.This“

”workforceisthemostimportant

inAmericanbusinesstoday,anditis

changingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitive

avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens

byemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof

thatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.

41.[A]swarm[B]stride[C]separate（A）[D]slip

42.[A]For[B]Because[C]As（C）[D]Since

43.[A]from[B]in[C]on（D）[D]by

44.[A]Eventhough[B]Nowthat[C]Ifonly（A）[D]Providedthat

45.[A]durable[B]disposable[C]available（B）[D]transferable

46.[A]approach[B]flow[C]fashion（D）[D]trend

47.[A]instantly[B]reversely[C]fundamentally（C）[D]sufficiently

48.[A]but[B]while[C]and（B）[D]whereas

49.[A]imposed[B]restricted[C]illustrated（A）[D]confined

50.[A]excitement[B]conviction[C]enthusiasm（D）[D]importance

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.（40points）

Text1

Itwas3:

45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup’son-lineservice,DeathNET.SaysHofsess:

“Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn’tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It’sworldhistory.”

Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia--whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart--otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.

UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath--probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill--toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:

aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.“I’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’dgo,becauseI’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,”hesays.

51.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat________.

[A]theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries

[B]physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasia

[C]changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw（D）

[D]ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw’spassage

52.Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans________.

[A]observersaretakingawait-and-seeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia

[B]similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountries

[C]observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoes（B）

[D]theeffect-takingprocessofthepassedbillmayfinallycometoastop

53.WhenLloydNicksondies,hewill________.

[A]facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasia

[B]experiencethesufferingofalungcancerpatient

[C]haveanintensefearofterriblesuffering（A）

[D]undergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendays

54.Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof________.

[A]opposition

[B]suspicion

[C]approval（C）

[D]indifference

Text2

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:

ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.“Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner--amazing.”SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate”culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusestheword“friend,”theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.

55.Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld,________.

[A]rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUS

[B]small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment

[C]Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors（D）

[D]mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp

56.Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

[A]cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationship

[B]courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated

[C]variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends（A）

[D]socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions

57.Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers________.

[A]toimprovetheirhardlife

[B]inviewoftheirlong-distancetravel

[C]toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife（C）

[D]outofacharitableimpulse

58.Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers________.

[A]tendstobesuperficialandartificial

[B]isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStates

[C]isalwaysunderstoodproperly（B）

[D]hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails

Text3

Technically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon’trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisiswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenusedinsteadof“drugabuse”tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfu