届高考二轮复习英语专题7非谓语动词学生版.docx
《届高考二轮复习英语专题7非谓语动词学生版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《届高考二轮复习英语专题7非谓语动词学生版.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
届高考二轮复习英语专题7非谓语动词学生版
非谓语动词
考点导向
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一,它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同,而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系,这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来,高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出,所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有:
现在分词和过去分词基础知识;现在分词和过去分词句法功能;现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能;对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
考点1非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
不定式作状语通常表示:
(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后);
(2)目的(可用soasto/inorderto替换,但soasto一般不可置于句首);(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果,常为onlytodo)。
①Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)
②TogetthereontimeIgotupveryearly.(目的)
③Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(结果)
2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.
由于不知怎么办才好,他去找他父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动关系,其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:
seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.
他陷入深深的思考中,没有听到声音。
【典例】
Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway____thesunandthestars.
A.usedB.havingusedC.usingD.use
【答案】C
【解析】句意:
像古代的水手,鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到它们的路。
using是伴随状语。
考点2非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
1.非谓语动词作主语
(1)Laughinghelpsyourbodystayhealthyandcanevenhelpyoufightpain.(动名词作主语)
(2)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式作主语)
(3)Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短语作主语,it作形式主语)
(4)Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(动名词短语作主语,it作形式主语)
2.非谓语动词作表语
(1)动名词作表语时,说明主语的性质,回答what引导的问句。
(2)不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
3.非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词
(1)afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,manage,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
(2)appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postpone,resist,risk,stand,suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
动词
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
记得曾做过某事
记得要做某事
forget
忘记曾做过某事
忘记要做某事
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图(打算)做某事
can'thelp
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
goon
继续做未完成的事
做完一件事后,接着做另一件事
stop
中断正在做的事
中断正在做的事,去做别的事
【典例】
Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismothergoodcareofathome.
A.takingB.takenC.takeD.betaken
【答案】B
【解析】句意:
在非洲医疗援助两年回来后,Dr.Lee很高兴看见妈妈在家被照顾得很好。
hismother和takecareof是被动关系,用过去分词做宾语补足语,所以选B。
考点3非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置,它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
Youarethethirdonetoentertheroom.(主谓关系)
Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.(动宾关系)
Hehasnoopportunitytogoabroad.(同位关系)
2.动名词作定语多前置,表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
areadingroom(=aroomforreading)
3.现在分词作定语表主动和进行,可转换为定语从句。
Thequestionbeingdiscussed(=whichisbeingdiscussed)nowisimportant.
4.过去分词作定语表被动和完成,也可转换为定语从句。
Thequestiondiscussed(=whichwasdiscussed)yesterdayisimportant.
考点4非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。
Hepretendednottoseeme.
Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.
Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.
2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式动作正在进行,不定式要用进行式。
Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.
当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时,不定式要用完成式。
Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。
Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.
3.动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.
Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.
HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.
HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.
4.现在分词的完成式和被动式。
当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时,现在分词要用完成式。
Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasketball.
当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时,现在分词要用被动式。
Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.
【典例】
TheNO.5subwayline,inOctober,2007,hasgreatlyimprovedthetrafficconditionsinBeijing.
A.openedB.wasopenedC.beingopenedD.tobeopened
【答案】C
【解析】根据“hasgreatlyimprovedthetrafficconditionsinBeijing”可以推断出TheNO.5subwayline已经建成,表示“已经发生的动作”应该用过去分词。
1、语法填空
1.【2018·全国I】Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong___62___(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof___63___(die)earlybyrunning.
2.【2018·全国II】Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___64___(improve)waterquality.
3.【2018·全国III】Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____64____(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel____65____(challenge).
4.【2018·全国III】Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme____70____(stay)andwatch.
5.【2018·浙江】Istillremember___59___(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.
6.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired_____63___(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.
7.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,____63____(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover__64_____top.
8.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,freshfacedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewAlevelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm___61____(rest).
二、句子改错
9.【2018·全国I】Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.
10.【2018·全国II】Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.
11.【2018·全国III】Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.
12.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup!
”“Slowdown!
”“Turningleft!
”
13.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.
一、语法填空
(湖北省黄冈市2018届高三上学期期末考试)Agroupofclassmatesgottogethertovisittheiroldteacher.Theseclassmatesallhadgoodjobsandmadelotsofmoney.Theytalked____1____(happy).Theteacheraskedthemthedifficultytheyhad____2____(achieve)theirdreams.Thentheirtalksoonturnedtocomplainingaboutthestressinworkandlife.Theteacherwentto____3____kitchenandcamebackwithalargepotofcoffeeandmanycups-chinaones,plasticonesandglassones.Someareplainlooking,someareexpensiveandsomearelovely.Theteachertoldthemtohelp____4____(they)tothecoffee.
Whenallthestudentshadacupofcoffeeinhand,theteachersaid,“Canyounoticethatallofyoutooknice-lookingexpensivecups,leaving____5____theplainandcheapones?
Youwantonlythebestforyourselves,____6____isthesourceofyourproblems.”
“Whatallofyoureallywantedwascoffee,notthecup,____7____youwentforthebestcupsandthenbeganlookingateachother’scups.”
“Nowthinkaboutthis:
lifeisthecoffee,andthejobs,moneyandpositioninsociety____8____(be)thecups.Theyarejust____9____(tool)tohold,anddonotchangethelife.Sometimes,bycaringonlyaboutthecups,wefail____10____(enjoy)thecoffee.Sodon’tletthecupsdriveyou,andenjoythecoffeeinstead.”
二、短文改错
(河南省中原名校2018届高三第三次质量考评)
Dearsir/Madam,
AsaChinesehighschoolstudenttograduateinthisyear,Isincerelyapplytoachancetostudyinyouruniversity.I’meighteenbutwillfinishmythreeyearsofstudyinhighschoolsoon.IstudiedChinese,English,math,physics,chemistry,biology,geography,historyandothersubject,ofwhichsciencesubjectsaremyfavorites.II’malsogoodatEnglish.IcancommunicatefluentwithnativespeakersinEnglish.
Beside,Igoinforvariousout-of-classactivities.Ilikeplayfootball,tabletennis,andsoon.I’malsomemberofmanyclubsformusicandopera.I’mavolunteerinmyneighborhood.
I’mlookingforwardtohearfromyou.Andpleasecontactmebye-mail:
lihua@.
Yourssincerely,
LiHua
一、语法填空
(2019届湖北省十堰市第二中学高三上学期检测)I'mnotsure_____1_____ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I'mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____2____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe___3___(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____4____(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel____5____(challenge).
MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma___6___(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching___7___thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.
WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____8____(they)alive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal____9____(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:
"I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!
"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme____10____(stay)andwatch.
二、短文改错
(武威一中2019届秋季学期阶段性考试高三年级英语)
DearMr.Smith,
I'mLiHua,theChinesestudenttakingsummercoursesinyouruniversity.Everythingisgoingsmooth.IenjoyallthecoursesherebutoneofferingbyProfessorMartin.Ihavedifficultyunderstandhiminclass.Hehasaverystrongaccent,thatmakesithardformetofollowhiminclass.IhavetoldthatIcangotothelearningcenterforhelp.IwonderifIcouldcomeinWednesdayorFriday.Ihadnoclassandcancomeforhelpandsuggestion.PleaseletmetoknowwhichtimeisOKwithyou.
Lookingforwardtoyourreply.
Yours,
LiHua
答案与解析
1、语法填空
1.【答案】tosee;dying
【解题思路】前一空考查非谓语动词的不定式作目的状语。
句意:
你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。
此处不定式作目的状语,故填tosee。
第二空考查动名词。
句意:
你也许喝酒