chapter1英国文艺复兴时期.docx

chapter1英国文艺复兴时期.docx

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chapter1英国文艺复兴时期

英国文艺复兴时期ChapterITheRenaissancePeriod

　　一、学习目的和要求通过本章学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史，文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。

　　二、考核要求

（一）文艺复兴时期概述

　　1.识记：

（1）文艺复兴时期的界定

（2）历史文化背景

2.领会：

（1）文艺复兴运动的意义与影响

（2）文艺复兴时期的文学特点

　　（3）人文主义的主张及对文学的影响

　　3.应用：

文艺复兴，人文主义及玄学诗等名词的解释

　　BriefIntroductiontotheRenaissancePeriod

　　1.应用DefinitionsoftheLiteraryTerms：

　　1.TheRenaissance：

TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally，itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly，withthefloweringofpainting，sculpture&literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance，whichmeans"rebirth"or"revival，"isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents，suchasthere-discoveryofancientRoman&Greekculture，thenewdiscoveriesingeography&astrology，thereligiousreformation&theeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance，therefore，inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope，tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie，&torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

　　2.Humanism：

　　HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious，intellectualside，fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning，humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment，butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections，andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion，explore，andenjoy.Thus，byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife，theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife，buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore，ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.

　　3.Spenserianstanza：

斯宾塞诗体

　　SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanzaofninelines，withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter&thelastlineiniambichexameter，rhymingababbcbcc.

　　4.Metaphysicalpoetry：

　　Theterm"metaphysicalpoetry"iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.Witharebelliousspirit，themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods，andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryindrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet'sbeloved，withGod，orwithhimself.

　　5.TheRenaissancehero：

　　ARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition，facingbravelythechallengefrombothgodsandmen.HeembodiesMarlowe'shumanisticidesofhumandignityandcapacity.Differentfromthetragicheroinmedievalplays，whoseeksthewaytoheaventhroughsalvationandgod'swill，heisagainstconventionalmoralityandcontrivestoobtainheavenonearththroughhisownefforts.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower，knowledge，andglory，theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.BothTamburlaineandFaustusaretypicalinpossessingsuchaspirit.

（二）该时期的重要作家

　　1.一般识记：

重要作家的文学生涯

　　2.识记：

重要作品及主要内容

　　3.领会：

重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法，社会意义等。

　　4.应用：

（1）莎士比亚和邓恩诗歌的主题，意象

（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物性格分析

　　（3）哈姆雷特的性格分析

　　（4）史诗《失乐园》的结构，人物性格，语言特点等的分析

　　1.EdmundSpenser

　　1.一般识记

　　BriefIntroductiontotheAuthorEnglishpoet，borninLondon，England，about1552，anddiedinLondon，Jan13，1599.

　　2.识记

　　HisMajorWorksSpenser'smostimportantwork&masterpieceisTheFaerieQueen，agreatpoemofitsage.Acomplexmoral，religious，&politicalallegory，itisalsoanepicthatexaltsQueenElizabethⅠ&theEnglishnation.AccordingtoSpenser'sownexplanation，hisprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha"historicalpoem"theexampleofaperfectgentleman：

"tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuous&gentlediscipline."ItsprincipalheroistheArthurofmedievallegend.Thesixbooksofthepoemillustratethenatureofparticularvirtues，suchas，temperance&justice.OthermajorworksofSpenserareTheShepherdCalendar（1579），apoemconsistingof12eclogues-correspondingtothe12monthsoftheyear；Epithalamion（1595），apoemexpressingthedeeppersonalfeelingsoccasionedbythepoetssecondmarriage；Amoretti（1595），aseriesofsonnets.

　3.领会

　　HisInfluence

　　1）MainqualitiesofSpenser'spoetry

　　①aperfectmelody

　　②araresenseofbeauty

　　③asplendidimagination

　　④aloftymoralpurity&seriousness

　　⑤adedicatedidealism

　　2）Inhiswriting，Spenserdrewontheconventions&thoughtofClassical，medieval，&Renaissanceliterature.However，headdedtohisfusionofthesediverseelementsmuchthatwasoriginal，&hisworksinspiredmanylaterEnglishpoets.Hecreatedanewstanza，calledtheSpenserianstanza，whichiswellsuitedtonarrativeverse.HisskillsinwritingmelodiousEnglishverse&hiscombinationofemotion，erudition，&spiritualvisionhavewonhimtheadmirationofgenerationsofEnglishpoets.Itishisidealism，hisloveofbeauty，&hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas"thepoets'poet."

　　4.应用

　　TheFaerieQueen：

　　1）Itisalong，allegoricalpoem.Inthepoem，Spenserdramatizedpolitical，religious，&moralthemesbypersonifyingthem，ormakingthemcharacters.

　　2）Plot：

Thestory，whichissetagainstabackgroundofArthur&medievallegend，dealswiththeadventuresofsixknightsofthecourtofthefairyqueennamedGloriana，whorepresentsQueenElizabethⅠofEnglish.ThefaerieQueenwasleftunfinishedatSpenser'sdeath.Itwasoriginallyplannedasa12-bookpoem.Butonly6bookswerecompleted.Thepoemisparticularlyadmiredforthemelodicbeautyofitslanguage&foritsrichcontentofphilosophical&mythologicalmaterialpresentedintheformofvividnarratives.

　　II.ChristopherMarlowe

　　1.一般识记

　　BriefIntroduction

　　Englishdramatist&poet，borninCanterbury，England，Feb，6，1567，diedinDeptford，England，May30，1593.MarlowewasthefirstgreatEnglishDramatist.HebroughttotheEnglishstageanewconceptoftragedy，oneinwhichthedramacentersaroundthestrugglesofamanoverwhelmedbyhispassions&ambitions.

　　2.识记

　　HisMajorWorks

　　HismostfamoustragediesareDoctorFaustus，TheJewofMalta，Tamburlaine&EdwardⅡ。

Inhisplays，Marloweusedblankverse，whichhemoldedintoasuperbinstrumentforexpressingintenseemotions.AfterhisdevelopmentofblankverseitbecamethestandardmediumforEnglishdramatic&epicpoetry.Hisnon-dramaticpoetryincludesHero&Leander，"thePassionateshepherdtoHislove，"&aversetranslationofOvid'sAmores.

　　Marlowe'sDoctorFaustus（about1589），generallyconsideredhisbestplay，wasbasedonarealDr.Faustus，whowaslaterassociatedwithamedievallegendofamansellinghissoultothedevil.Theplay'sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge，power&happiness；italsorevealsman'sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Thelastscene，inwhichFaustusconfrontshisdoom，brilliantlyrendersthefear&agonyofacondemnedman.

　　TheJewofMalta（about1589）illustratesMarlowe'soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero，BarabastheJew，servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenice.Inabout1592.MarlowewroteoneofthefirstsuccessfulEnglishhistoricaldramas，EdwardⅡ。

Itishismostdramaticallymatureplay&exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization，stagecraft&rhetoric.

　　Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitious&pitilessTartarconquerorinthefourteenthcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringKing.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambition&sheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother，MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepower&authority.

　　3.领会

　　HisAchievements&Influence

　　Achievements：

Marlowe'sgreatestachievementliesinthathe　perfectedtheblankverse&madeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.

　　HissecondachievementishiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.ThethemeofhisworksisthepraiseoftheRenaissancespirit.

　　Hisinfluence：

Amanofwidelearning，Marlowewasoneoftheextraordinarypoets&playwrightsofhistime."Marlowe'smightyline，"asBenJonsoncalledhisblankverse，wasoneofthemostimportantcontributionstotheartofEnglishliterature.

　　4.应用

　　Dr.Faustus

　　TheselectionofActⅠfromDr.FaustusismainlyaboutFaustusisshowinghisgreatambition，thatis，ifhehadmanysouls，hewouldgivethemalltotheDevilsothathecouldcontroltheworld.InportrayingFaustus，amoreintrospective&philosophicalfigurethanTamburlaine，MarlowepraiseshissoaringaspirationforknowledgewhilewarningagainstthesinofpridesinceFaustus'sdownfallwascausedbyhisd