届高三英语精品资源届高考英语语法复习之虚拟语气精讲精练.docx

届高三英语精品资源届高考英语语法复习之虚拟语气精讲精练.docx

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届高三英语精品资源届高考英语语法复习之虚拟语气精讲精练

2008届高考英语语法复习之虚拟语气精讲精练

一.既定模式中的虚拟语气：

A.由if构成的虚拟语气:

If引导一个条件句,含义为”如果/假如…”（在宾语从句中=whether”是否”时除外）可以用来表示两种条件:

（1）可实现的假设条件（这种假设只可发生在将来,即:

说话之后）,此时,if从句被称为:

真实条件句,其引导的主从句的时态对应关系如下:

if+SA+P（仅用一般现在时或am/is/aregoingtodo;am/is/aretodo=want/plantodo）,SB+P（一般现在/一般将来）

（2）不可实现的假设条件,即,虚拟条件.这种假设可以针对:

现在（说话时及目前阶段）;过去（说话前）及将来.但都无法实现.此时,if从句与主句的时态对应关系如下表所示:

假设情况　If从句中的动词形式　主句中的动词形式对现在S+P（一般过去时/be动词常用were）S+P（would/should/could/

might+be…/dosth/bedone）对过去S+P（过去完成时:

hadbeen…/haddonesth/hadbeendoneS+P（would/should/could/

　might+havebeen/done）

对将来S+P:

（1）一般过去

（2）weretodo

（3）shouldbe…/dosthS+P

would/should/could/might

+be…/dosth例:

1.Ifthey_________（get）tothebookingofficeearlier,theywouldhavegotsometickets.（hadgot）

2.Ifyou__________（make）thesamemistakelater,youwouldbepunished.

（made,weretomake,shouldmake）

3.Ifthedoctor____________（send）forwithoutdelay,theboywouldstillbealive.

（hadbeensent注意:

本句为交叉虚拟式）

4.Ifhe______________（receive）threemorevotes,hewouldbeourprincipalnow.

（hadreceived注意:

本句为交叉虚拟式）

掌握方法:

1.判断if从句是真实还是虚拟句

2.判断所假设的的情况的所在时间区域

3.背熟主,从句的时态对应关系

4.记忆技巧:

条件句中的时态比虚拟情况早一个时态!

B.用wish或ifonly引导一个从句表示一种无法实现的愿望:

要是…就好了/旦愿…

从句时态变化如下

现在无法实现过去无法实现将来无法实现（sb）wish（that）

ifonlyS+P（一般过去时）

　　be动词常用

　　wereS+P（过去完成时）S+P:

would/should

could/might+be…/

dosth/bedone注意:

wish与hope的区别:

（1）hopethat从句表示一个可以实现的愿望

（2）hope不可用于:

hopesb+sth（祝福语）的表达!

二.特定词汇后面的虚拟语气:

A.特定动词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟:

建议suggest

advise

recommend

（that）S+（should）+be…

　　　　　　　do…

　　　　　　　bedone命令order

command　　　　同上

请求demand

desire

request

require

insist

urge

同上注意:

（1）当suggest的主语为sth时,其含义为暗示/表明;后面的从句用正常形式

（2）当insist的含义为:

坚持说/坚持认为/坚持表白时,后面的从句用正常形式

B.特定名词后面的that从句（同位语从句）中的非假设性虚拟:

建议suggestion

advice

recommendationthatS+（should）+be…

　　　　　　　do…

　　　　　　　bedone命令order

command同上

请求demand

desire

request

requirement

　　　　同上

C.特定形容词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟:

It+is（be）important

strange

necessary

essential

esirable

naturalthatS+（should）+be…

　　　　　　　do…

　　　　　　　bedone三.固定句式中that从句后的虚拟语气:

A.Itis（high,right）time（that）+S+P（一般过去时/shouldbe…/do…;should不可省）

Itistime（that）you________（go）tobed.

B.

（1）sbAwouldrathersbB+P（一般过去）:

对现在或将来情况;A希望/旦愿B（现在/将）…就好了.I’dratherhe________（be）presentatthis/tomorrow’sconference.（were）

（2）sbAwouldrathersbB+P（过去完成时）:

对过去情况;A希望/旦愿B那时/曾…

就好了.I’dratheryou_________（pass）thatdifficultexam.（hadpassed）

四.到装虚拟式:

当if条件句中为:

IfS+P（were/haddone/shoulddosth）时可变为:

Were/Had/Should+S+P（适当形式）…,主句不变

1.）Ifitweresummertomorrow,wecouldgoswimming.

=Wereitsummertomorrow,wecouldgoswimming.

2.）Ifhehadcometoschoolyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilmstar.

=Hadhecometoschoolyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilmstar.

3.）IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tgo.

=WereIyou,Iwouldn’tgo.

4.）IfheshouldbeinNanjingnextweek,wecouldgotothepartytogether.

=ShouldhebeinNanjingnextweek,wecouldgotothepartytogether.

二.非既定模式中的虚拟语气:

A.Butforsb/sthA,SB+P（虚拟式）=IfitbenotbecauseofA/iftherebenoA,…

如果要不是因为A/要是没有A,B就…（SB后面的虚拟形式要根据A的假设情况而定）

1.）Butfortheheavyrainyesterday,we_____________（notstay）athome.

（wouldn’thavestayed）

2.）Butforhisgreateffort,he__________（notpass）theexamsoeasily.

（wouldn’thavepassed）

B.1.）Withoutsb/sthA,SB+P…如果没有A,B就…

2.）Withsb/sthA,SB+P…如果有A,B就…

注意:

由于without…,with…可以相当于一个if从句的功能,因此,解题时应首先读出其相当于一个真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,再确定SB后面的谓语形式.

1.）Withoutthepills,you____________（have）anothersleeplessnight.

（willhave）

2.）Withoutthepills,you____________（nothave）suchagoodsleep.

（wouldn’thavehad）

3.）Withthefurtherdevelopmentofmodernagriculture,consumers

　　_________（supply）withmoregreenfood.

　　（willbesupplied）

4.）Withapairofwingslikeabird,you________（fly）inthesky.

（couldfly）

C.（1.）SA+P（一般过去）,+or/otherwise+SB+P（would/should/could/mighthavedone）

Iwasbusy,or/otherwiseIwouldhavejoinedyouinthepicnic.

（2.）SA+P（would/should/could/mightdo）+but+SB+P（一般现在）

IwouldhelpyoubutIambusy.

（3.）SA+P（would/should/could/mighthavedone）+but+SB+P（一般过去）

　IwouldhavehelpedyoubutIwasbusy.

　练习.虚拟语气

（一）

1.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.

A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since

2.____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.

A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.ShouldhehavegoneD.Hadhegone

3.Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.

A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed

4.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.

A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring

5.IwishI____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.

A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe

6.Ifwe____heretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.

A.arrived/wouldcatchB.arrived/wouldhavecaught

　C.hadarrived/hadcaughtD.hadarrived/wouldhavecaught

7.IfI____moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.

A.hadB.hadhadC.havehadD.wouldhave

8.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.

A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome

9.TheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing_____rightaway.

A.wouldbearrestedB.mustbearrestedC.bearrestedD.hadtobearrested

10.Jane'suncleinsisted____inthishotelanylonger.

A.notstayingB.nottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnot

11.Don'ttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_____you.

A.wouldcometoB.wouldcomeatC.wouldhavecometowardD.willcometo

12.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.

A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe

13.HowIwishI____toreapairthewatch!

Ionlymadeitworse.

A.hadtriedB.hadn'ttriedC.havetriedD.didn'ttry

14.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.

A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten

15.Themaninsistedthathe_____there.

A.shouldsendB.wouldbesentC.sentD.besent

16.Ifhehadnotgoneoutinthestorm_____.

A.hewillbealivenowB.hewouldbealivenowC.hewouldhavebeenalivenow

17.Ifit___tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?

A.rainsB.weretorainC.wouldrainD.rain

18.Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.

A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.wouldarrive

19.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.

A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew

20.Hespokeinaquiet,distinctvoice,asthoughhisthought_____.

A.wasfarawayB.hadbeenfarawayC.werefarawayD.wentfaraway.

?

21.Ifit___rain,we___getwet.

A.isto,shouldB.wereto,wouldC.weregoingto,wouldD.wasgoingto,should

22.Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.

A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknown

D.hadlistened,wouldknow

23.Butfortheparty,he___ofhunger30yearsago.

A.wouldhavediedB.woulddieC.musthavediedD.mustdie

24.___today,hewouldgotthereforholiday.

A.WasheleavingB.WerehetoleaveC.WouldheleaveD.Ifheleaves

25.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI___thatyouwerewaitingforme.

A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haven’tknown

26.It’shightimethatwe___toschool.

A.wouldtoB.wentC.goD.willgo

27.Itseemsasifit___rain.

A.willB.isgoingtoC.istoD.weregoingto

28.I’dratheryou___rightaway.

A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.toleave

29.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe___.

A.failsB.failedC.wouldfailD.fail

30.Itisreallystrangethatthegirl___soearly.

A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry

31.SupposingI___thisgift,whatwouldhesay?

A.acceptB.acceptedC.shouldacceptD.wouldaccept

32.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.

A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven

33.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI___yourbirthdayparty.

A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended

34.Heinsistedthathe___mebefore.

A.seeB.shouldseeC.hadseenD.saw

35.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___friendsforyears.

A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen

36.We___ourliveshaditnotbeenforthepoliceman.

A.wouldhavelostB.shouldloseC.mightloseD.couldhavelost

37.----Ithoughtyouwouldcomebacktomorrow.

----IwouldifI___toattendameeting.

A.don’thaveB.didn’thaveC.willnothaveD.wouldnothave

38.Hewishes___mistakes.

A.hedoesn’talwaysmakeB.heisn’talwaysmakingC.hedidn’talwaysmake

D.hewouldn’talwaysmaking

39.It___veryniceifonlyitwerepossible.

A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.were

40.Withoutyourhelp,ourteam___thelastmatch.

A.won’twinB.willloseC.wouldn’thavewonD.can’twin

41.Iwish___Iwhattodo.

A.knewB.haveknownC.knowD.wouldknow

42.___,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.

A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.Ihadbeenyou

43.IfIhadhurried,I___thetrain.

A.wouldcatchB.couldcatchC.wouldhavecaughtD.hadcaught

44.HeinsistedthatJohn___it.

A.doB.doesC.didD.woulddo

45.Itishightimewe___off.

A.areB.wereC.beD.willbe

46.Hefeltasifhe___moretimetostudyforthetest.

A.needsB.wereneededC.neededD.need

47.ItisimportantthatI___withMr.Williansimmediately.

A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak

48.Jameswisheshe___thefootballgameinsteadofthefilm.

A.sawB.seeC.hadbeenseen