对于大卫科波菲尔中人物的形象分析.docx
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对于大卫科波菲尔中人物的形象分析
AnAnalysisofImageinDavidCopperfield
Chapter1
Introduction
DavidCopperfield'、themasterpieceofDickens,wasasemi-autobiographicalwork・InMay1849toNovember1850,theinstaiImentwaspubIished・Inthepreface,Diekenssaid:
“11ismyfavoritechiId.v
ThenoveIdepictedDavid'sexperienceswhichwerefilledwithsufferingsandIaughters・DickensportrayedthecoIorfuIpictureofBritishsociety,thetypicaIimageofdifferentsociaIcIasses,especialIytheendIessstruggleofDavidinthefaceofadversitywhichIeftadeepimpressiononus.Davidwasunabletoenduretheabuseofhisstepfather,bitingthefingersofhisstepfather,savageIybeaten.AsaresuIt,hewaslockedinaboardingschool・Afterhismotherdied,hewassenttothefactoryasachiIdbyhisstepfather・Fromthenon,heIivedahardIife,withoutenoughtoeatorwearandsufferedaIIkindsofabuseandtorture・However,Daviddidnotsuccumbtothemercyoffate,painstakingly,andfinalIyfoundhisauntBetsey.Thekind^heartedauntsheIteradoptedhimandlethimgotoabetterschool・WhenheknewthatAuntBetseywasbankrupted,butinstead,hestudieddiIigentlywithperseveranceaIIkindsofabuseandtorture・Finally,aftermakingefforts,hebecameawriterandachievedsuccess・Atthesametime,othercharacterswerecIearandvivid・PeggottywasanursewhotookcareofDavidandDavid'smothercarefuIIy,shewasremarkabIyIoyaI・OutwardIy,auntBetseyappearedaseverewoman,butsheshowedthatshewaskindbylovingDavidandothers・Inaddition,HamwasnobIe,braveandhonest・wasfierceandcrueI.Steerforthwasselfishandarrogant・
IntroductiontotheAuthor
DickenswasthemainrepresentativeofreaIismIiteratureinthe19thcentury・Theartofwittywords,nuancedpsychoIogicaIanaIysisandreaIismwerecombinedtogethercIoseIyinhisworks・HewasparticuIarIyfamousforhisvividcomiccharacterizationsandsociaIcriticism.HewasthefirstauthorwhohadwrittenofthepoorwithfideIityandsympathy.HisworkswerefamousduringnoveIsoftheVictorianageandamongthegreatclassicsinaIIfiction.
DickenswasborninFebruary,1812,atLandport,Portsmouth.HewasthesecondofeightchiIdren・Hisfatherwasaclerk,hardworkingbutimprudent,latercaricaturedasMr・MicawberinDavidCopperfield.In1822,thefamiIymovedtoLondon,whereCharIeshadtoleaveschooItosupporthisimpoverishedfamiIy.In1824,hisfatherwasputintoprisonfordebt・Attheageof12,Dickenswassenttogoingtoworkatafactory・HewrappedandIabeIedfor6shillingsaweek・Afterwork,hewanderedthroughthestreetsofLondon,enthraIIedbythesightofthedockyards,thefilesofconvicts,andvastsectionsofthecityinhabitedbythepoor・ThesebitterdaysremainedinhismemoryandIaterfoundexpressioninhisworks・
DickenswasabIetoreturntoschoolbecauseasmaIIIegacyheIpedreIeasehisfatherfromprison.HewasanavidreaderandspentmuchtimeinthereadingroomoftheBritishMuseum.AlthoughhelaterreturnedtoschooIforatime,theseexperiencesleftapermanentimprintonthesouIofCharIesDickens・EvenmanyyearsIater,hehadbecomeasuccessfuIauthor,hecouldnotbeartotaIkaboutit,orberemindedofhisfamily'signominy.
Attheageoffifteen,DickensbeganworkingasanofficeboyforaIawfirm・HetaughthimseIfandhebecameareporterforcourtsofDoctors'Commonin1828・TheduIIroutineoftheIegaIprofessionneverinterestedhim,sohebecameanewspaperreporterfortheMirrorofparliament,theTrueSun,andfinalIyfortheMorningChronicle・(JohnForster,werelaterhisclosestfriendandbiographer,wasaIsoemployedattheTrueSun.)Bytheageoftwenty,DickenswasoneofthebestparIiamentaryreportersaIItheEngIand・
Bythistime,DickenswasenjoyingtheluxuriousIifehehaddreamedofasachild・In1850,hepubIishedtheIastinstaiImentsofDavidCopperfield,apartlyautobiographicalnoveIthatwashisfavorite.
TheIntroductiontotheBackground
1.2.1SociaIbackground
“LikesomanyparentsIhaveafavoritechildinmyhear”wroteCharIesDickens."AndhisnameisDavidCopperfield・uHere,DickensmadegooduseofhisownIifeexperiencetoexposethesocialevilsthatwereprevaIentinVictorianEnglandandwerethemiseriesofchiId-labor,thetyrannyinschooIs,thedebtors'prison,asweIIasthecrueItyandimmortalityandthetreachery.ThusthenoveIv/asnotmereIyapersonaIrecord,butabroadpictureofthesocietyoftheauthor'sday・
DavidCopperfield>Nasanovelwritteninfirst一personpointofview・Itwassometimesreferredtoasanapprenticeshipnovelbecauseitcenteredontheperiodinwhichayoungpersongrewup.ThetypeofnoveIswaspioneeredbyJohannWoIfgangvonGoethe(1749-1832)inhisnovelWiIheImMeistersLehrjahre(WilhelmMeister1sApprenticeship)・DickensbasedthebookinpartonthedifficuItearIyyearsofhisownIife・Thenarrationchangednames,Iocales,andotherdetailsofDickens'sIife・ForexampIe,whenDickenswasonIyachiId,hehadtoleaveschooltoworkinafactory・Inthenovel,DavidCopperfieldhadtoleaveschooItov/orkinawarehousewashingandIabeIingbottlesusedinthewinetrade・David'sinitials・)were,ofcourse,thereverseofDickens's・)・
DickenswasamasteratdrawingmemorabIecharacters・SomeweresimpleanduncompIicated,IikeBarkis,CreakIe,Murdstone,andClaraPeggotty.OtherswerecompIex,likeDavidCopperfield・Throughoutthenovel,hebefriendedtheweaIthyandcharmingJamesSteerforth,ignoringhisdeviousandmaIevoIentside・Atthesametime,hebefriendedthegood-heartedTommyTraddlesandthehumbIePeggottys.ThesetwoworIds,theworIdofSteerforthandtheworIdofSteerforthandhisfamiIy,bothattractedDavid,andhisimmaturitydecidedwhatshouldconstitutehisownworId・Tobringhischaracterstolife,DickensinvestedthemwithcIearIydefiningvirtuesorvicesanddescribedthecharactersinawaythatenabledthereaderstopicturethemattheseenesinwhichtheyappeared・
1.2.2Novel'sbackground
OfaIItheDickens'novels,DavidCopperfieldrefIectedtheeventsofDickensownIifethemost・AsforDavid,sufferinginthepastwasadequatelymadeupforarich,happymarriageandasuccessfuIliterarycareer,justIikeDickenshimself,andtheworIdwasstiIIfulIofhopeandsunshine・ThepIotconstruetionwasratherloose,butitaIsoexceIIedinitsvividimage・ThenarrationofnovelindetaiIwasaIsoworthmentioning,whichgavetheworktruthfuInesstothereaIIife・
WhatwecouldaddtowasthewayinwhichDickenstimeandtimeagaindea11withtheprogressofamaIeherowho,asv/ithDavidinDavidCopperfield(1849-50)andPipinGreatExpectations(1860-1),cametotermswithworIdasthemiddle-classvaIues・Atthesametime,however,Dickens'heroesoftenhaveuncomfortabledoubles:
DavidCopperfieldwasshadowedbyHeepandSteerforth,bothofwhomreveaIedthekindofdarksexuaIurgethatDavidattemptedtoconceaIordenyinhisownIife・Itwasasif,inanewmiddle-classcode,DickenswasequaIIyawareoftheprecariousnessorvulnerabiIityofthenewrespectablesociaIconceptionoftheseIf,oftheburiedIifethatwashiddenbeneaththeveneerofpoIitemanners・
DuetotheearIysuccess,thepubIicnotonIygaveDiekensanassurancethatmadesureincreasingpowersofpoeticexpressionandnarrativetechnique,butaIsotheconfideneetodemonstratehisprioritiestoapointwheretheycontradiotedthesocialassumptionsofmanyofhisreaders・AlIhislaternovels,exceptATaleofTwoCities,presentedacriticismofthemostfundamentaiinstitutionsoftheVictorianEngIand・
AlthoughDavidwasignorantofSteerforth'streachery,wewereawarefromthemomentwemetSteerforththathedidn?
tdeserveofpraisewhichDavidfe11towardhim・DaviddidrTtknowwhyhehatedHeeporwhyhetrustedaboywithadonkeycartwhostolehismoneyandIefthimintheroad,butitwaspossibleforhimtoreaIizeHeep'sinherenteviIandtheboy'sreaIintention.InDavid,sfirst-personnarration,DickensconveyedthewisdomoftheoIdermanimplicitly,throughtheeyesofachiId.
Chapter2
LiteratureReviewoftheNovel
SomeScholars'ViewsontheNovel
SchoIarsbeIievedthatDavidCopperfield'scareers,friendships9IoveandIife,weremosthighlyinfIuencedbyDickens'experiences,asweIIashistimeworkingasachiId・David'sinvoIvementwiththelawprofessionandlaterh\scareerasawritermirrortheexperiencesofDickens・ManyofDavid'sfriendswerebasedonpeopIewhoDickensactuaIIyknew,andDavid*swives,AgnesWickfieldandDora,werebeIievedtobebaseduponmasterpieceofliteraryworks".
Dickens*
attachmenttoMary
Hogarth.DickenskeenlyfelthisIackof
educationduringhistimeat
thatfactory,
andaccordingtotheForster
biography,
itwasfromthese
timesthathedrewDavid*sworkingperiod.
BritishwriterSomerset
Maughamregardedthebookas
'"trulya
OneofAmericanIiteratureconnoisseursrecommendedthenoveIasonehundredsofthe20thcentury,distinguishingEngIishnoveI.
ThefamousRussianwriter,LeoToIstoy,saidthatthebookwasthebestoneamongaIItheEngIishnoveIsanditcouId