黑龙江省哈尔滨市四校学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题附答案.docx

黑龙江省哈尔滨市四校学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题附答案.docx

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黑龙江省哈尔滨市四校学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题附答案

呼兰一中阿城二中宾县三中尚志五中四校联考

2018——2019学年度下学期期中考试高二英语试题

第I卷

第一部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Areyouamorningperson?

Youmightnotlikethefindingsinthisnewresearch.

Fromalackofairanddrinkingwatertosolarradiation,theoreticalMarspioneersfaceanynumberofpotentialobstaclestosettlingontheredplanet.Now,scientistshavefoundsomethingelsetoaddtothelist:

seriouslymessed-upbiologicalclocks.

OnedayonMars-whichscientistsrefertoasthesolarday,or“sol”-is37minuteslongerthanadayonEarth.AteamofEuropeanscientistsrecentlydemonstratedwhythatcouldbeaproblem.

Circadianrhythmsarethebody’snaturalcyclesofrestandwaking,whichtendtofollowroughly24-hourlight-darkcycles.Thesenaturalrhythms-whichplayaroleinbiologicalfunctionsincludingbrainwaveactivityandhormoneproduction-canbeinterruptedbythingslikejetlag（时差）andnightshiftwork.

Forthestudy,theresearcherscomparedmicewithhealthy,24-hourcircadianclockstomicewithageneticchangethatcausedthemtohaveshorter,20-hourcircadianclocks.Themicewithhealthybiologicalclocksweremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whilethemicewithshorterbiologicalclocksweremorelikelytodieoff.

Whatdoesthisallhavetodowithspacetravel?

SincetheMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth,peoplewithshortercircadianclockscouldsufferfromhealthproblemsastheytrytoadapttotherotationalspeedoftheredplanet.

Unfortunately,thebodyisunlikelytoadapttothenewconditionsor“learn”todevelopalongerclock.AsLoudonexplained,“Learningisnotalikelyoption.”

Inotherwords:

Sorry,super-earlyrisers-NASAmightnotwantyouforthenextMarsmission.

1.Fromthepassage,peoplecanfacethefollowingtroubleslivingonMarsEXCEPT______.

A.absenceofairB.alotoffiercecreatures

C.lackofdrinkingwaterD.messed-upbiologicalclocks

12.Accordingtoscientists,howlongdoesonedayonMarslast?

A.24hours.B.23hoursand23minutes.

C.24hoursand37minutes.D.12hoursand37minutes.

3.LifeonMarswouldseriouslymesswithyoursleepbecause________.

A.theMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth

B.thebody’snaturalcyclescanbeshortened

C.hormoneproductionwillhurtbiologicalfunctions

D.thebrainwaveactivitywillbeinterrupted

B

Keepingsecretsisaburden

“Don’ttellanyone”.Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous.Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret.We’reoftentemptedto“spillthebeans（说漏嘴）”，evenifweregretitlater.

AccordingtoAsimShah,professorintheMenningerDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciencesatBaylorCollegeofMedicine,US,keepingasecretmaywell“becomeaburden”.Thisisbecausepeopleoftenhavean“obsessiveandanxiousurgetoshareitwithsomeone”.

Anearlierstudy,ledbyAnitaE.Kelly,ascientistattheUniversityofNotreDame,US,suggestedthatkeepingasecretcouldcausestress.Peopleentrusted（受委托的）withsecretscansufferfromdepression,anxiety,andbodyaches,reportedtheDailyMail.

Butwithsecretssooftengettingout,whydopeoplesharethematall?

Shahexplainedthatpeopleoftenfeelthatitwillhelpthemkeepapersonasafriend.Anotherreasonpeoplesharesecretsisguiltoverkeepingitfromsomeoneclosetothem.Asenseofdistrustcandevelopwhenpeoplewhoareclosedonotshareitwitheachother.“Keepingorsharingsecretsoftenputspeopleinapositionofeithergainingorlosingthetrustofsomeone,”accordingtoShah.

Headdedthattalkativepeoplecouldletsecretsslipout（泄露）.Butthisdoesn’tmeanthatitisagoodideaonlytosharesecretswithquietpeople.Aquietpersonmaybesomeonewhokeepseverythinginside.Totellsuchapersonasecretmaycausethemstress,andmakethemtalkaboutthesecret.Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret.

Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret,you’dbetterputyourselfintheirposition.Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn’tgivetheinformationaway.Shahalsorecommendedthatifyouaccidentallygiveupsomeone’ssecretyoushouldcomecleanaboutit.Letthepersonknowthattheirsecretisn’tsosecretanymore.

4．Whatdoesunderlinedword“obsessive”mean?

A．Unwilling.

B．Confusing.

C．Wantingtodosomethingverymuch.

D．Refusingtoacceptfacts.

5．WhatdidresearchersattheUniversityofNotreDamediscoveraboutsecret-keeping?

A．Itcanresultinmentalandphysicalproblems.

B．Itcanhelppromotefriendshipsbetweenpeople.

C．Itcanharmrelationshipsbetweenfriends

D．Itcanresultinasenseofdistrustbetweenfriends

6．WhatisthemainmessageofParagraph5?

A．It’sbettertoshareyoursecretswithquietpeople.

B．Quietpeoplesufferlessstressfromkeepingsecrets.

C．Talkativepeopleareunlikelytokeepsecrets.

D．It’snotagoodideatoshareyoursecretswithothers.

7．WhatdoesShahsuggestpeopledoiftheygiveawaysomeone’ssecretbyaccident?

A．Stayawayfromtheperson.

B．Telltheaffectedpersonwhathappened.

C．Exchangeanewsecretwiththeperson.

D．Buythepersonagiftasanapology.

C

America'stopeducationofficialsaysmanyschoolsarespendingtoomuchtimeteachingthe“basics”—reading,mathandwriting.Itmightseemoppositetowhateducatorshavebeenpromoting.ButU.S.EducationSecretaryJohnKingsayschildrenreallydeserveaccesstoawell-roundededucationthatincludesmusicandartsbecauseitwillhelpthemgointobeingwell-rounded,well-educatedpersons．

Kingspokeabouthisowneducationwhenexplainingwhyschoolsneedtoteachmorethanmath，readingandwriting．

KinggrewupinNewYork.Bothhisparentsdiedwhenhewasquiteyoung.Inhishouse,thingswereoftencrazyandfrightening.Itwashisteacher,Mr.Osterwei,whohelpedhimescapehisdifficultlife.Quiteoften,theteachertookhimandhisclassmatestothetheater,thezoo,theballetandfamousMuseumofNaturalHistory.“Thosewerepowerful,life-changingexperiences,”Kingsays.KinggraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.HereceivedhislawdegreefromYaleUniversity.HetookchargeofNewYorkStatepublicschoolsfrom2011-2015.TheU.S.SenateapprovedhimasEducationsecretarylastmonth．

Manyschoolsspendalmostallfundingonthe“basics”becausetheylackmoneyforothersubjects,Kingsays.Ortheywantstudentstodobetterontestsusedtocomparestudentperformance．

Studentsneedtoconnecttheirstudiesandthingsthatmattertothempersonally,suchasmusiciftheyaretobecome“sophisticated（水平高的）thinkers”.A2013reportbyUNESCOsaystoday'sworldneedspeopleabletosolvenewandunusualproblems.Itsaysartscanhelpstudentsfindthoseanswers.Inthereport,UNESCOsaidteachingtheartsinChina,SouthKoreaandJapanisdifferent．

FromthatinmanyWesterncountries,theemphasis（重点）inthosethreecountriesis“onjoyfulexperiencesandchildren'sinterests.”IntheWest,educatorsaremorelikelytoconnecttheartstoreading,writingandmath.A2014reporttriedtocomparehowwellcountriesteachchildrenhowtosolveproblems.ItfoundSingapore,SouthKorea,Japan,China,Canada,AustraliaandFinlandwiththehighestscoresfor15-year-olds.Singaporeledthewaywithascoreof562outofapossible1，000.Theaveragescorewas500.TheUnitedStateshadascoreof508．

8.Accordingtoparagraph1,whathaveeducatorsbeenencouraging?

A.Teachingartsshouldneverbeputsecondtoteachingthe“basic”．

B.Moremoneyandtimeoughttobesetasideforteachingarts．

C.Researchshouldbedonetoensureawell-roundededucation．

D.Enoughtimeissupposedtobespentinteachingthe“basics”．

9.Kingspokeabouthisowneducationexperienceto________.

A.sharewithushisextraordinaryeducationbackground

B.tellushisteacherattachedgreatimportancetoteaching

C.confirmaccesstoartscontributestogoodacademicperformances

D.callonschoolstogiveartslessonsasmuchattentionasthe"basics"ones

10.Theauthorconvincesusoftheimportanceofteachingartsbydifferentmeansexcept________.

A.bygivingexamplesB.bymakingcomparisons

C.byanalyzingfiguresD.byperformingexperiments

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Schoolsaresupposedtobefar-sighted

B.Kidsshouldbewell-roundedpersons

C.Kidsneedmorethan“thebasics”tolearn

D.Teachersmusthaveadvancedteachingmethods

D

Whydopeoplelie?

Manypsychologistsagreethatlyingcanstartfromchildhood.Therearevariousreasonswhychildrenmakefalsestatements.Theyusuallytelluntruthfulstoriestocoverupthemistakesthattheyhavedoneinthepast.Lyingisalsoawaytoavoidreceivingpunishmentsfromparents.Ifparentsfailtoreprimandtheirchildrenformakingupfalsestories,thenthereisapossibilitythattheywillcontinuetolieduringtheirteenageyears.

Teenagersliebecausetheywanttobeacceptedbytheirfriends.Thisisthemainreasonwhytheycreatestoriesthatarenottruejusttobecomepresentableandacceptabletootherpeople.Insomeinstances,teenagerstelluntruthfulstatementstoavoidcriticismsfromtheirfamiliesandfriends.

Asteenagersgrow,lyingbecomesoneoftheirhabits.Theirknowledgeonmakingupuntruthfulstoriesbecomesmoredeveloped.Peoplelieinworkplacesiftheyfailtomeetthedeadlinesandiftheyfailtoaccomplishanddotheirtasksefficiently.Someofthecommonliesmadeinworkplacesaregettingsickandhavingemergenciesathome.Thedangerinvolvedinfrequentlyingiswhenitbecomesacharacter.Frequentlyingcausesthedevelopmentoftheconditionknowntodoctorsaspath