陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案.docx

陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案.docx

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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案

美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁（部分）

Unit1BenjaminFranklinTheAutobiography

1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?

Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit.

参考：

TheAutobiographyisabookwhichcontainsthewisdomandsuccessinlifestruggle,andunitesthetruemeaningofgoodnessandmorality.Itisregardedasabookthatchangesmanypeople'sfatesintermsofAmericanDream.Asweallknow,BenjaminFranklinislabeledasaself-mademanandthefirstgreatmanofletters.TheAutoniographyalsomakesseveral"firsts":

Thefirstpopularself-helpbookeverpublished;ThefirstmajorsecularAmericanAutobiography;ThefirstrealaccountoftheAmericanDreamaction.Hemadesomanyachievements,butthereasonweshouldalsobeawareof.

AsfarasIamconcerned,thecelebritieswriteautobiographytomakepeopleunderstandthemselvesandinspirefuturegenerations.Besides,hemaywanttobeimmortalinthehistory.However,inTheAutobiography,FranklinwantstolecturehissonaswellastheAmericanswhoholdsadreamtofightagainstdifficultiesinthewaytosuccess.

Specifically,itcanbedividedintoseveralparts.In1771,FranklinwasstayingatChilbolton,inthehouseofBishopJonanthanShipleynearTwyfordinHampshire.Shipleywasapro-AmericanbishopamongtheBritishBishops.HeandhislargefamilylovedFranklinandregardedhimasamoderndaySocrates.TheyfoundFranklin'sanecdotesofhischildhoodremarkableandinsistedthatheshouldtelltheworldthestoryofhislife.Withtheirencouragement,FranklinwrotethefirstpartofhisAutobiography.InPartOne,FranklinaddressedhissonWilliam,whowasroyalGovernorofNewJersey,astheaudience.TheoutbreakoftheRevolutionin1776madeanyplanforthememoirsimpossible.In1784whenhedidhavesometimetoresumethenarrative,FranklinhadleftthemanuscriptofthefirstpartintheUnitedStatesandcouldnotrememberwherehehadstoppedlasttime.Moreimportantly,FranklinhadbeenestrangedfromhissonwhohadtakenthesideofBritishgovernment.TheAutobiographynowtookamorepublictone.Franklinwasmoreawareofhispublicimage:

someofhisadvisersandfriendsurgedhimtotellhowherosetoworldrenown.

What'smore,itestablishesinliteraryformthefirstexampleofthefulfilmentoftheAmericanDream.FranklindemonstratesthepossibilitiesoflifeintheNewWorldthroughhisownrisefromthelowermiddleclassasayouthtooneofthemostadmiredmenintheworldasanadult.ItpresentsAmericanstodaywithagreatherofromthepastwhohelpedestablishthetraditionoftheAmericanDream.HeestablishedTheAutobiographyasaworkthatismeanttonotonlytellaboutaperson'sownlifebutalsotoeducatethereaderinwaystobetterlivelife.

2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?

Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.

3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?

FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.

4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?

ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision（言简意赅）.Thenarrativeislucid（易懂的）,thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely（朴素的）.

Unit2EdgarAllenPoeTheCastofAmontillado

1.Whoisthenarrator?

Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?

Montresor.

Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.

2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?

HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.

FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.

3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?

Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.

4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?

Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.

Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsof  Fortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity（酗酒）.Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.

Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur（鉴赏）inwine.Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.

Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.

Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.

Unit3RalphWaldoEmersonSelf-Reliance

1.Whatisauthor’sattitudetowardscharity?

Whydoesheholdsuchanattitude?

The worst of charity is that the lives you are asked to preserve are not worth preserving.Notallcharitymeangoodness.Onemustexploreifitbegoodness.Ifmaliceandvanitywearthecoatofphilanthropy,thatshallnotpass.One’sgoodnessmusthavesomeedgetodo,elseitisnone.

参考：

InSelf-Reliance,Emersonfundamentallyshowedtheideaofconfidenceandindependence.Besidestheseideas,heillustratedtheideaof“ShowingnosympathytothePoor”.Thispointofviewagreeswiththeconfidenceandindependence.Thus,hisattitudetowardscharityisalittleabitofnegative.

Emersonindirectlyshowedthereasonwhythemanispoorandwhynosympathyshouldbeshowedtothepoor.Intheessay,hedoesnotshowanysympathytothosewhohasnorelationshipwithhim.Hesaid:

“ExpectmenottoshowcauseswhyIseekorwhyIexcludecompany.Thenagain,donottellme,asagoodmandidtoday,ofmyobligationtoputallpoormeningoodsituations.Aretheymypoor?

Itellyour,yourfoolishphilanthropist,thatIgrudgethedollar,thedime,thecent.IgivetosuchmenasdonotbelongtomeandwhomIdonotbelong.”Obviously,hedisplayedanotherwayofhelpingthosepeoplewhoarepoor,nottogivethemmoneydirectly.Instead,hestressedmuchimportanceofself-support.Ifthosepeoplearegivenmoneydirectly,theywouldbecomemoreandmorepoor.Theonlywaytogetoutofthisdifficultyistorelyonthemselves.Atmosttime,thepoorarenotindependent,optimisticandadventurous.Theyhavenoinnovativeabilities,becausetheyneverthinkthattheyshouldchallengelifeandmakeprogress.Therefore,inmanyaspects,thepoorarelaggedbehindofthesociety.Thesepeopleshouldnotbegivenhelpandsupport,astheyhavenodesiretochangethesituationandjustsufferwhattheyareusedto.Theydonotwanttochangeandimprove,andtheirpoormindwillruineverything.

However,thereisanotherkindofpeoplewhomayalsoindifficultsituations,andweshouldofferourhelp.Thiskindofpeopleisthepoorinpocket,buttheyarefullofideasinmind.Theyareindependent,optimisticandadventurous.Whattheyreallylackissomematerials.Theyholdthefirmbeliefthattheirsituationwillbeimprovedthroughaperiodoftime.Theyalsoputtheirideasintopractice,andeventually,theywillsucceed.

Thepoorconditionisnotterrible,butthepoormindisaveryseriousproblem.Themanshouldneverhelpthepoorwithmoney,butgivethematooltoproducewealthbythemselves,orteachthemtobeindependentandoptimistic.Asareader,Ibenefitalotfromthisidea,andalsolearntheimportanceofself-reliance.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdomostpeoplebelievetobevirtue?

Andwhatisrealvirtue?

Virtuesare,inthepopularestimaterathertheexceptionthantherule.

Therealvirtuesare,accordingtotheauthor,whatImustdoisallthatconcernsme,notwhatthepeoplethink.

3.Whydoestheauthordislike“consistency”?

Doyouagreewithhim?

Doyouthinkthatpeopleshouldgiveupconsistency?

First,consistencyscaresusfromself-trust.Itmakesuslackconfidence.Second,afoolishconsistencyisthehobgoblinoflittleminds,adoredbylittlestatesmenandphilosophersanddivines.Withconsistencyasoulhassimplynothingtodo.Itkillsthecreativityofus.

Possibleanswer1:

Don’tagree.Itdepends.Sometimesgreatachievementscanbemadeaslongasyoucanmaintainconsistent.

Possibleanswer2:

Tosomeextend,Iagreewithhim.Wemustbewiseenoughto