Achievement:
A.exploringthecharacters'sinnermind.
soliloquy（独
白）ormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthe
characters
gontrasts-bringvividnesstothecharacters
B.adroit（精巧的）plotconstruction
C.Ironyisagoodmeansofdramaticpresentation.Disguise
isanimportantdevicetocreatedramaticirony.
D.the
Ianguage.
READING
1.Sonnet
18
（14line）
vSonnet
18>eternal
or
immortal
（不朽
的）beauty,havea
faithinthepermanenceofpoetry
Anice
summersday
is
usually
transient（
短暂
的）,but
thebeauty
in
poetry
canlast
forever.
2.excerptfromTheMerchantofVenice
to
praise
the
friendship
between
A
ntonio
and
Bassanio,to
idealizePortia
aheroine
ofgreat
b
eauty,
wit
andloyalty,
to
expose
the
insatiable
（不知足
的）
greed
andbrutality
of
theJew.
Doubleplot:
（1）BassanioaskAntonioforaloansothathe
mightmarriagewithPortia
（2）AntonioborrowmoneyfromShylock,theJewishusurer.ShylockmakeastrangebondthatrequiresAntoniotosurrender
apound
ofhisfleshif
hefailto
repay
himwithina
certain
period
oftime.
Portiadisguised
as
ayoung
lawyer
instructed
to
judgethe
case:
Shylock
can
takehis
pound
offlesh,
but
thereisno
mentionof
blood
inthe
bond.
Otherwise,
hislands
andgoodswillbeconfiscated（充
公）accordingtohe
lawofVenice.
3.Excerpt
fromHamlet
hesitatebetweenfact
andfiction,
Ianguageandact
ion,too
sophisticated
（复杂
的）to
degradehis
natureto
theconventional
roleof
ast
agerevenger
content:
Hamlet,the
prince,
appearingina
moodof
world-w
eariness（厌
世）occasionedby
hisfather
'sdeathandhismother'
shast
yremarriagewith
Claudius,
hisfather'
sbrother.
Hamlet
is
informedthatClaudiushas
murderedhis
fatherand
then
tak
enoverbothhis
father's
throneand
widow.Thus
Hamlet
i
surgedtoseekrevenge.
Note:
Tobe,ornottobe
toliveonin
this
world
rtodie;tosufferortotakeaction
mansunderstandingconsistso
ndationformodernscienee
exampleof
thatgenrein
English
HisEssaysis
the
first
literature.
Bacon'sessays
are
famous
fortheir
brevity,
compactness&
powerfuIness,
well-arranging
andenrichingby
Biblical
allusio
fou
essayist,
lay
the
andcadenee（韵律）.
ns（典故），metaphors（隐喻）
Francis
—philosopher,scientist,
agination
andcreation,
andphilosophytomansreason.
written
in
Latinonmethodology方法论
Baconsuggeststheinductive
reasoning归纳
法（i.e.
proceeding
from
theparticularto
thegeneral）
inplace
ofAristotelian
method,thedeductive
reasoning
法（i.e.
proceeding
from
thegeneraltothe
particular）
READING:
OfStudies
fthree
to
usesand
benefits
parts:
history
演绎
mansmemory,poetrytomansim
ofstudy—studiesservefor
delight,forornament,
andfor
ability.
Studiesperfectnatu
re,andareperfected
byexperienee.Differentwaysadopted
bydifferentpeopletopursuestudies-studiesandexperie
neearecomplementary（互
补）toeachother.Thecorrectattitudetoreadingbooks-
toweighandconsider.Howstudiesexertinflueneeoverhum
ancharacter-readingmakethafullman,conferenceaready
man,andwritinganexactman.
"Metaphysicalpoetry”（玄学诗）
-breakawayfromlovepoetry,thediction（用
语）issimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,theformis
frequentlyanargumentwiththepoet'sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.
A）conceitsB）syllogism（三段论）
Poetry早
期:
holdsthatthenatureoflovei
stheunionofsoulandbody.
晚期:
religiouspoem
Prose:
hissermons,whicharebothrichandimaginative
READING:
1.TheSunRising2.Death,BeNotProud
（asonnet,14lines）
thebusysunisalwaysreadytointerfere
withotherthingsandeverywhere
vDeath,
BeNotProud〉whateveryouare,
youcannotescape
adow
of
death.Death
onlylastsamoment,ourlifeafter
death
is
eternal.
The
morepleasurethe
deathgivespeople,
not
only
thepleasure
oftherest
&
the
sleep,because
'w
hom
the
godslove
die
young'.Though
death
isusuallyconsid
ered
powerful,it
actuallyprovides
a
rest
foraman's
bod
yand
a
birthfor
his
soul.
fromdeath.Whenyouareliving,
youarealwaysinthesh
exa
mpleoftheverse
drama
Achievement:
1）theearly
poetic
works
2）themiddleprose（散
文）3）the
lastgreat
poems
Elegy（挽歌）
-利西达斯
（his
earlywork）
Epic（史诗）-
Lost>
Regained>
Dramaticpoem（诗剧）-
Agonistes
＞力士参
John|Milton
孙themostperfect
aftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.
READING:
excerptfromParadiseLost
vParadiseLost>theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.TheconflictisbetweenhumanI
oveandspiritualduty.ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofMilton'screed（纲领）.
TakefromtheOldTestament,thethemeisthe“FallofM
an”：
SatanrebelagainstGodandaredrivenfromHeaven.He
determinedtorevengebyseduce（弓丨
诱）AdamandEvetoeatthefruitfromtheTreeofKnowled
geagainstGodsinstructions.So,AdamandEveareexiled
byGodfromtheparadise.
The|NeoclassicalPeriod:
1660-1798withthepublicationof
LyricalballadsbyWordsworthandColeridge
-arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,
order,logic,restrainedemotion（抑制情感）&accuracy
theAgeofEnlightenment/Reason—themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissaneeofthe15thand16thcentries,aprog
ressiveintellectualmovement,reason（rationality）,equality
&scienee（the18thcentury）
modernEnglishnovel-newlyrisingliteraryform现实主义小说
诞生（themid-century）
Gothicnovel（哥特式小说）
-mystery,horror&castles（frommiddlepartto
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