考研英语一阅读理解真题.docx

考研英语一阅读理解真题.docx

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考研英语一阅读理解真题

考研英语一阅读理解真题2021

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考研英语一阅读理解真题1

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwill

probablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcaign:

Whathappenswhenthe

robotsefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareat

highriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,with

themiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-inejobslikegardening

ordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,

financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoon

will.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheaval

hasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowell

forLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventually

raisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,

automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydriving

downprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,

middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecond

MachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—from

grammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsand

moreoncreativityandplexmunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoa

betterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentswork

alongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcould

makeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquire

newskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.to

reviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:

Startingnewpaniesmustbemadeeasier.

Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthe

transitionbydreamingupwaystobinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof

3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthe

newpaniesthatwillinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapital

ineandlaborine,taxesandthesafetywillhavetoberethought.

Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearned

inetaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:

Thiswouldboostines,encouragework,

rewardpaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfew

years,yetthiswillbelittleforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareers

upendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatareingforourjobs

wouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

[A]Leadingpoliticians.

[B]Low-wagelaborers.

[C]Robotowners.

[D]Middle-classworkers.

22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?

[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison

[A]creativepotential.

[B]job-huntingskills.

[C]individualneeds.

[D]cooperativespirit.

24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat

[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

[D]preventingtheinegapfromwidening.

25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith

[A]opposingviewsonit.

[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

[D]itsmajorvariations.

考研英语一阅读理解真题2

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnext

musicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethe

suddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2021.Forthemostpart，theresponse

hasbeenfavorable，tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthony

Tommasini，asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise，however，is

thatGilbertisparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini，whohadadvocated

Gilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes，callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithno

airoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusic

directorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustav

MahlerandPierreBoulez，thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimes

readersasfaintpraise.

Formypart，IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevena

goodone.Tobesure，heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinteresting

positions，butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall，or

anywhereelse，tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogo

tomyCDshelf，orbootupmyputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusic

fromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforlive

performancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime，attention，andmoneyofthe

art-lovingpublic，classicalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonlywithopera

houses，dancetroupes，theaterpanies，andmuseums，butalsowiththe

recordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.

Thererecordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere，andveryoftenmuchhigherin

artisticqualitythantoday‘sliveperformances;moreover，theycanbe

“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespread

availabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisinthe

institutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenew

musicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert‘sowninterestinnewmusic

hasbeenwidelynoted：

AlexRoss，aclassical-musiccritic，hasdescribedhimas

amanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent，morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertand

thePhilharmonicaretosucceed，theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetween

America‘soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert‘sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext，whichofthefollowingistrueof

recordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert‘sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic，theauthor

feels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

考研英语一阅读理解真题3

Text1

Inthe20xxfilmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,played

byMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathigh

fashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecolorofthe

assistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartments

storesandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundher

garment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutof

dateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,Eliazabeth

Cline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso

advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&;M,

andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.

Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmore

profit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesas

disposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat

–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsat

dirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,

shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.

ForH&;Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaround

theworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrain

naturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellers

likeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefast

food,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.

Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64items

perperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadsto

waste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklyn

womannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2021hasmadeallofherownclothes

–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecades

toperfecthercraft;herexlecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashionpanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheir

impactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&;M,withitsgreen

ConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeef