考研英语一阅读理解真题.docx
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考研英语一阅读理解真题
考研英语一阅读理解真题2021
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考研英语一阅读理解真题1
Text1
Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwill
probablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcaign:
Whathappenswhenthe
robotsefortheirjobs?
Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareat
highriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,with
themiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-inejobslikegardening
ordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,
financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoon
will.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheaval
hasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowell
forLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventually
raisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,
automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydriving
downprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,
middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecond
MachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—from
grammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsand
moreoncreativityandplexmunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoa
betterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentswork
alongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcould
makeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquire
newskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.to
reviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:
Startingnewpaniesmustbemadeeasier.
Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthe
transitionbydreamingupwaystobinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof
3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthe
newpaniesthatwillinventthem.
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapital
ineandlaborine,taxesandthesafetywillhavetoberethought.
Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearned
inetaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:
Thiswouldboostines,encouragework,
rewardpaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfew
years,yetthiswillbelittleforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareers
upendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatareingforourjobs
wouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.
21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?
[A]Leadingpoliticians.
[B]Low-wagelaborers.
[C]Robotowners.
[D]Middle-classworkers.
22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?
[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.
[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.
[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled
[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided
23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison
[A]creativepotential.
[B]job-huntingskills.
[C]individualneeds.
[D]cooperativespirit.
24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat
[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.
[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.
[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.
[D]preventingtheinegapfromwidening.
25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith
[A]opposingviewsonit.
[B]possiblesolutionstoit.
[C]itsalarmingimpacts.
[D]itsmajorvariations.
考研英语一阅读理解真题2
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnext
musicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethe
suddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2021.Forthemostpart,theresponse
hasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthony
Tommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,is
thatGilbertisparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocated
Gilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithno
airoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusic
directorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustav
MahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimes
readersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevena
goodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinteresting
positions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,or
anywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogo
tomyCDshelf,orbootupmyputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusic
fromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforlive
performancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyofthe
art-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonlywithopera
houses,dancetroupes,theaterpanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththe
recordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.
Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherin
artisticqualitythantoday‘sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe
“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespread
availabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisinthe
institutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenew
musicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert‘sowninterestinnewmusic
hasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimas
amanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertand
thePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetween
America‘soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert‘sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueof
recordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert‘sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthor
feels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
考研英语一阅读理解真题3
Text1
Inthe20xxfilmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,played
byMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathigh
fashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecolorofthe
assistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartments
storesandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundher
garment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutof
dateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,Eliazabeth
Cline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso
advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&;M,
andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.
Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmore
profit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesas
disposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat
–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsat
dirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,
shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.
ForH&;Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaround
theworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrain
naturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.
Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellers
likeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefast
food,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.
Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64items
perperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadsto
waste.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklyn
womannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2021hasmadeallofherownclothes
–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecades
toperfecthercraft;herexlecan’tbeknockedoff.
Thoughseveralfast-fashionpanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheir
impactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&;M,withitsgreen
ConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeef