英语演讲选修课教案11inform.docx

英语演讲选修课教案11inform.docx

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英语演讲选修课教案11inform

山东理工大学教案

第11次课

教学课型：

理论课□实验课□习题课□实践课□技能课□其它□

主要教学内容（注明：

*重点#难点）：

Informativespeech

1.Speechesaboutobjects

chronologicalorder

spatialorder

topicalorder

2.Speechesaboutprocesses

chronologicalorder

topicalorder

3.Speechesaboutevents

chronologicalorder

causalorder

4.#Speechesaboutconcepts

topicalorder

5.*Guidelinesforinformativespeaking

教学目的要求：

Getstudentsfamiliarizewithtypesofinformativespeechesandtipsforthesekindsofspeeches.

教学方法和教学手段：

讲授；ppt

讨论、思考题、作业：

Whatarethefourtypesofinformativespeechesdiscussedinthischapter?

Whatarethethreemethodsyoucanusetoavoidabstractionsinyourinformativespeech?

Presentation3:

Informativespeechpresentation

参考资料：

Theartofpublicspeaking

Beagreatspeechmaker

注：

教案附后

Lesson10InformativeSpeechII

Informativespeech:

aspeechdesignedtoconveyknowledgeandunderstanding.

Whenyourgeneralpurposeistoinform,youactasateacherorlecturer.Yourgoalistoconveyinformation---anddoitclearly,accuratelyandinterestingly,youraimistoenhancetheknowledgeandunderstandingofyourlisteners---togivetheminformationtheydidnothavebefore.

Theinformativespeechesoccurinawiderangeofeverydaysituations.

Typesofinformativespeeches

5.Speechesaboutobjects

6.Speechesaboutprocesses

7.Speechesaboutevents

8.Speechesaboutconcepts

1.Speechesaboutobjects

Object:

anythingthatisvisible,tangible,andstableinform.

Objectsmayhavehavingpartsortobealive,theymayincludeplaces,structures,animals,orevenpeople.

Youwillnothavetimetocovereverythingaboutanobject,justfocusononeaspect

Whenyouorganizethespeechyoumaychooseoneofthethreeorganizationalmethods:

chronological;spatialandtopical.

Ifyourspecificpurposeistoexplainthehistoryorevolutionofyoursubject,youcanputyourspeechinchronologicalorder（Amethodofspeechorganizationinwhichthemainpointsfollowatimepattern）.Forinstance:

Specificpurpose:

ToinformmyaudienceaboutthemajorachievementsofFrederickDouglass

Centralidea:

Althoughborninslavery,FrederickDouglassbecameoneofthegreatestfiguresinAmericanhistory.

Mainpoints:

I.Douglassspentthefirst20yearsofhislifeasaslaveinMaryland.

II.AfterescapingtotheNorth,Douglassbecamealeaderintheabolitionistmovementtoendslavery

III.DuringtheCivilWar,DouglasshelpedestablishblackregimentsintheUnionArmy.

IV.Afterthewar,Douglasswasatirelesschampionofequalrightsforhisrace.

Ifyourspecificpurposeistodescribethemainfeaturesofyoursubject,youmayorganizeyourspeechinspatialorder（Amethodofspeechorganizationinwhichthemainpointsfollowadirectionalpattern）.

Specificpurpose:

ToinformmyaudienceaboutthemajorlandregionsinSpain

Centralidea:

TherearefivemajorlandregionsinSpain.

Mainpoints:

I.TheNorthernpart…

II.Thewestern…

III.Thecentral…

IV.Theeastern…

V.TheSouthernpart…

Someofthespeechesaboutobjectsfallintotopicalorder（Amethodofspeechorganizationinwhichthemainpointsdividethetopicintologicalandconsistentsubtopics）.Hereisanexample:

Specificpurpose:

Toinformmyaudienceaboutthemajoralternative-fuelcarsnowbeingdeveloped.

Centralidea:

Themajoralternative-fuelcarsnowbeingdevelopedarepoweredbyelectricity,naturalgas,methanol,orhydrogen.

Mainpoints:

I.onekindofalternative-fuelcarispoweredbyelectricity.

II.Asecondkindofalternative-fuelcarispoweredbynaturalgas.

III.Athirdkindofalternative-fuelcarispoweredbymethanol.

IV.Afourthkindofalternative-fuelcarispoweredbyhydrogen.

Othermethodsofspeechorganization:

Causalorder:

Amethodofspeechorganizationinwhichthemainpointsshowacause-effectrelationship.

Problem-solutionorder:

Amethodofspeechorganizationinwhichthefirstmainpointdealswiththeexistenceofaproblemandthesecondmainpointpresentsasolutiontotheproblem.

2.Speechesaboutprocess

Process:

Asystematicseriesofactionsthatleadstoaspecificresultorproduct.

Speechesofprocessexplainhowsomethingismade,howsomethingisdone,orhowsomethingworks.

Wheninformingaboutaprocess,wewillusuallyarrangeourspeechinchronologicalorder,explainingtheprocessstepbystepfrombeginningtoend.Forexample:

Specificpurpose:

ToinformmyaudienceaboutthemajorstepsintheclassicJapaneseteaceremony.

Centralidea:

TherearefivemajorstepsintheclassicJapaneseteaceremony.

Mainpoints:

I.First,theguestsapproachtheteahouse,takingtimesonthewaytopurifytheirhands.

II.Second,theguestsentertheteahouse,admirethehangingscrollandthevasewithaflowerarrangement,andseatthemselves.

III.Third,theteamasterpreparesabowlofteaforeachguest,followingtheprescribedritual.

IV.Fourth,eachguestinturntakesexactlythreeandahalfsipsoftea.

V.Fifth,theguestsadmiretheteaimplements,admiretheinterioroftheteahouse,anddepart.

Sometimes,youwillfocusonthemajorprinciplesortechniquesinvolvedinperformingtheprocess.Thenyouwillorganizeyourspeechintopicalorder.Eachmainpointwilldealwithaseparateprincipleortechnique.Forexample:

Specificpurpose:

Toinformmyaudienceaboutthecommonmethodsusedbystagemagicianstoperformtheirtricks.

Centralidea:

Stagemagiciansusetwocommonmethodstoperformtheirtricks---mechanicaldevicesandsleightofhand.

Mainpoints:

I.Manymagictricksrelyonmechanicaldevicesthatmayrequirelittleskillbythemagician.

II.Othermagictricksdependonthemagician’sskillinfoolingpeoplebysleight-of-handmanipulation.

3.Speechesaboutevents

Event:

Anythingthathappensorisregardedashappening.

Therearemanywaystodiscussevent.Ifyourspecificpurposeistorecountthehistoryofanevent,youwillorganizeyourspeechinchronologicalorder,relatingtheincidentsoneafteranotherintheordertheyoccurred.Forexample:

Specificpurpose:

Toinformmyaudienceaboutthehistoryofthedisabilityrightsmovement.

Centralidea:

Thedisabilityrightsmovementhasmademajorstridesduringthepast40years.

Mainpoints:

I.ThedisabilityrightsmovementbeganinBerkeley,California,duringthemid-1960s..

II.Themovementhasachieveditsfirstmajorvictoryin1973withpassageofthefederalRehabilitationAct.

III.Themovementreachedanothermilestonein1990whenCongressapprovedtheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct.

IV.Todaythemovementisspreadingtocountriesbeyondthe.

Ifyouwanttoexplainthecausesandeffects,youmayorganizethespeechincausalorder.Let’ssayyourspecificpurposeis“Toinformmyaudiencewhysomanyliveswerelostwhenthe‘unsinkable’oceanlinerTitanicsank.”Workingfromcausetoeffect,youroutlinemightlooklikethis:

Specificpurpose:

Toinformmyaudiencewhysomanyliveswerelostwhenthe‘unsinkable’oceanlinerTitanicsank

Centralidea:

InabilitytoremovethepassengersandcrewfromthedoomedTitaniccausedthedeathofmorethantwo-thirdsofthoseonboard.

Mainpoints:

I.Thereweretwomajorcausesforthegreatlossoflifewhentheshipwentdown.

A.TheTitaniccarriedinsufficientlifeboatsforthenumberofpeopleonboard.

B.OntheshipCalifornia,whichwasnearby,theradiooperatorhadshutdowntheradioandgonetosleep.

II.Theeffectsofthesetwosituationsweredisastrous.

A.Whenallusablelifeboatshadbeenfilled,morethan1,500peopleremainedonboardtheTitanic.

B.TheCalifornia,unawareofthedistresssignal,steamedonwhichtheTitanicwenttothebottom.

Thereareotherwaystodealwithaneventbesidestellingwhathappenedandwhyithappened.Youcanapproachaneventfromalmostanyangleorcombinationofangles---features,origins,implications,benefits,futuredevelopments,andsoforth.Insuchcases,youwillputyourspeechtogetherintopicalorder.

4.Speechaboutconcepts

Concept:

Abelief,theory,idea,notion,principle,orthelike.

Speechesaboutconceptsareusuallyorganizedintopicalorder.Onecommonapproachistolistthemainfeaturesoraspectsofyourconcept.Forexample:

Specificpurpose:

ToinformmyaudienceaboutthebasicprinciplesofAfrocentrism.

Centralidea:

ThebasicprinciplesofAfrocentrismhaveatheoreticalandapracticaldimension.

Mainpoints:

I.ThetheoreticaldimensionofAfrocentrismlooksathistoricalandsocialeventsfromanAfricanratherthanaEuropeanperspective.

II.ThepracticaldimensionofAfrocentrismcallsforreformingtheschoolcurriculumtofittheneedsandculturalexperiencesofAfrican-Americanchildren.

Amorecomplexapproachistodefinetheconceptyouaredealingwith,identifyitsmajorelements,andillustrateitwithspecificexamples.Foeinstance:

Specificpurpose:

ToinformmyaudienceaboutthebasicprinciplesofIslam.

Centralidea:

ThebeliefsofIslamcanbetracedtotheprophetMuhammad,arewrittenintheKoran,andhaveproducedanumberofsects.

Mainpoints:

I.IslamwasfoundedbytheprophetMuhammadintheearly600s.

II.TheteachingofIslamarewrittenintheKoran,theholybookofIslam.

III.TodayIslamisdividedintoanumberofsects,thelargestofwhicharetheSunnisandtheShiites.

Asyoucanseefromtheexamples,speechesaboutconceptsareoftenmorecomplexthan

otherkindsofinformativespeeches.Conceptsareabstractandcanbeveryhardtoexplain.

Whenexplainingconcepts,paycloseattentiontoavoidingteachingtechnicallanguage,

youshoulddefinetermsclearly,anduseexamplesandcom