大学英语读写教程第1册unit8阅读理解三篇.docx
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大学英语读写教程第1册unit8阅读理解三篇
unit8
Part1Readingcomprehension
Directions:
Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedsentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.
Questions1to5arebasedonthesamepassageordialog.
Mannersevolveddifferentlyindifferentcultures.Inearliertimestherewasatendencyformannerstobecomeincreasinglyformal,andthiswasoftenviewedasprogress.Inthe18thand19thcenturieshavinggoodmannerswasseenasanimportantpartofone'seducationandsocialclass,anditwasnecessarytobetakenasaladyoragentlemantogetaheadintheworld.
Inthe20thand21stcenturies,mannershavegraduallybecomemorerelaxedandinformal.ThehostingofdinnersandothersocialgatheringsarenoIongertheexclusiveprivilegeofthewealthyel精英），andprivateclubsarebeinggraduallyreplacedbymoreopenmeetingplaces.
Sothemannersofthesalorj沙龙）aregraduallycombiningwiththemannersofthepub.Clothingisagoodindicationofthechangesinmanners,ascanbeseeninthefollowingexamples.
Itissurprisingthatthewearingofhatsindoorsbymalesisonceagainbecomingacceptable.StudentsinNorthAmericaoftenwearbaseballcapstoclass.Inmanycountriesthewearingofhatsindoorsbymaleswasonceacceptableeveninverypolitesociety,butovertheyearsthisbecameconsideredasalower-classbehaviorandwasthusdiscouragedinboththemiddleandupperclasses.Theyoungpeoplewhowearhatsindoorsdonotrealizetheyareactuallyrestartingaveryoldculturaltradition.
Acomparabledevelopmentforfemalesisthewearingofjeans.Manyfemalesnowwearjeansonadailybasis,eitherathomeoratwork.Someseethisasasymbolicdeclarationthattheyarenowmodernwomen,notgirlsorladies.Somegirls,likeboys,wearbaseballcapsbothindoorsandoutdoors.
Sneakersandshortsarenowacceptableforeithermalesorfemalesinavarietyofnon-athleticsituations.SomecompanieshaverulesrequiringinformaldresssuchasjeansorsneakersonFridays（called"dress-downFriday"or"casualFriday"）,andotherspermititalmostallthetime.Inthesecompanies,andmanyothers,itisacceptabletocallthebossesbytheirfirstnames.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Changesofmannersovertime.
B.Formalmannersintheearliertimes.
C.
Differentmannersindifferentcultures.
D.Developmentofmannersindifferentclasses.
E.
2.Inthe20thand21stcenturies,
3.Accordingtothepassage,"themannersofthesalon"inparagraph2
mostlikelyrefersto
B.Informalmannersofdrinking.
D.Informalmannersatsocialgatherings.
4.Accordingtothepassage,nowadayswearingahatindoorscan
actuallybeviewedas
A.arevolution
B.socialprogress
C.aworseningsituation
D.areturntotheoldtradition
5.Accordingtotheauthor,todaywearinghatsindoors,andwearing
r
jeansatworkmainlyindicatethat
A.womenarenoIongerinferiortomen
B.peoplenoIongerpayattentiontodressingdetails
C.peoplearegettingmorerelaxedintermsofmanners
D.somecompanieshavelowerrequirementsfortheiremployees
Questions6to10arebasedonthesamepassageordialog.
Betweenthe1950sandtheearly1980s,theevoIvingroleofJapanesewomenhadbeenmostobviousintheirattitudestowardmarriageandthefamilysystem.Therehadbeenatrendawayfromarrangedmarriages.Manyyoungwomenadmittedthattheytookpaidemploymentmostlyinordertofindahusbandontheirown.Inspiteofthisandotherinfluencesa1982figureshowedthatalmost40percentofmarriageswerestillarranged.Thisfigurewas,however,halfthesizeofa1955surveywhichshowedthatalmost81percentofmarriageswerearranged.Oncemarried,manywomenintheearly1980scontinuedtowork,andincreasinglytheyreturnedtoworkafterchildbirth,somethingwhichwashardtoimagineagenerationbefore.Awoman'sroleinthefamilywasevoIvingaswell,becomingmoreandmoredominant.
Womenhadsoughtmorepersonalsatisfactionfromtheirlivessince
1950s.Inthebeginningofthe1980s,duringtheirlivesbeforemarriage
womenmadeupanalmostfree-wheelin随心所欲）partofJapanese
society.Asurveyofnewbridesreportedthatonly12percentexpectedtheirmarriagetobehappy.Atthattime,Japanesestillregardedmarriagenotasthepeakofaromaneebutasadutythatwasprimarilysocialandpracticalinsignificanee.Asaresult,Japanesewomentookfulladvantageoftheiryearsbeforemarriage.Mostwomenremainedathomewhileworking,livingwiththeirfamilyinasortofextendeddependency.
Japanesewomen,however,mustbecarefultomaintainthemselveswithinacceptablesocialstandards,onewomanbeingtold,"Ifyouactlikethat,youwillnotbewantedasabride."
OncemarriedaJapanesewomenfoundherselfinaroleoppositeoftheperceivedsexrolesinJapa-thefemalewasdominantinthehouse.
TherelationshipbetweenthepartnersofaJapanesemarriageclearlyshowedtheevoIvingroleofwomen.Itmustberememberedthatashortonehundredyearsagotheattitudetowardwomenwasthat"Ineverythingshemustobeyherhusband".Bytheearly1980stheroleofwomenhadchanged:
AJapanesewomanhadalmostunquestionedpowerwithinthefamilysystemoftoday'sJapan.
6.
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.ChangesintheroleofJapanesewomen.
B.ChangesinthestylesofJapanesemarriages.
C.Japanesewomen'sstruggleforindependence.
D.Japanesewomen'sincreasedpowerintheirfamilies.
7.
WhatdidtheauthorsayaboutJapanesewomenbeforethe1950s?
A.Manywomencontinuedtoworkaftermarriage.
B.Amajorityofwomenhadtheirmarriagesarranged.
C.Onlylessthanhalfofwomenhadarrangedmarriages.
D.Manywomenwenttoworkinordertofindahusband.
8.WhatwasmarriageinmanyJapanesepeople'seyesintheearly1980s?
r
A.
Itwastheendoftheirromanee.
B.Itwasthebeginningofahappylife.
C.Itwasasocialresponsibilityonehastofulfill.
D.Itwasthehighestpointoftheirromanticrelationship.
9.WhichofthefollowingwasthemaincauseformostJapanesewomen
intheearly1980stotakefulladvantageoftheiryearsbefore
marriage?
A.TheybelievedtheywouldnoIongerhaveahappylifeaftermarriage.
B.Theyknewtheycouldnotbeasdominantasbeforeaftergettingmarried.
C.Theyshouldnotgobeyondacceptablesocialstandardsafter
marriage.
D.TheywouldnoIongerhavetimetoworkaftermarriage.
10."Theperceivedsexroles"inthelastparagraphmostprobablyrefers
tothefactthatthewife
A.hadtoobeythehusbandinthefamily
B.hadtosupportthehusbandandhisfamily
C.couldmakedecisionsoneverythinginthefamily
D.couldquestionsomeofthehusbands'decisions
Questions11to15arebasedonthesamepassageordialog.
Leadershipistheabilityofapersontoguidepeopleinagrouptowardachievingataskathand.Ibelievethatleadersaremade;theyarenotbornandapersoncanalwaysbeagoodleaderifhemakesfulluseofthefollowinglistofleadershipstrengths.
Firstly,taskexecution实施）isoneofthemostimportantleadership
strengths.Comingupwithabrilliantideaandexecutingthatideaaretwocompletelydifferentthings.Bringinganideatolifeisaloteasiersaidthandone.Anideareallycomestolifeonlywhenitisexecutedtoperfection.Forthis,youneedtobeateamplayer.Thereisafinelinebetweenhavingfollowersthatfollowyououtofrespectandhavingfollowersthatfollowyoubecausetheyhavenochoice.Anykindofdisagreementintheteamwillaffecttheendresultandtheefficiencyofperformingthetask.
Secondly,beforeyougoontoputanykindofstrategyintoplace,youneedtounderstandandnvisionwhatyouwishtoachieve.Thisisimportantbecausetheexpectationsoftheentiregroupwillrideonyourshoulders.Thus,oneoftheimportantleadershipstrengthsistohaveaveryclearvisionabouthowtogoaboutataskathand,keepingtheIong-termandshort-termgoalsandconsequencesinmind.YouneedtobepracticalyetoptimisticaboutthepossibilitiesinvoIvedinanytaskandmusttakeintoconsiderationalltherisksinvoIved.
Thirdly,beingtheleaderdoesnotmeanthatyouownthepeopleyouworkwith.Manypeopletendtogetcarriedawayanddonotlistentotheirteammembers.Thiscangoagainstthemastheteammembersthentendtoloserespectfortheirleader.Youneedtogenuinelylistentoyourteammembersbecausetheyaretheonlyonesthatwilltellyouifyougowrongatanypointoftime.Furthermore,listeningwillmakesurethatyouconnectwithyourteammembersonapersonallevel,whichwillimprovetheperformaneeofyourteamgreatly.
11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasoneof
theleadershipstrengths?
B.Performingataskinaperfectway.
C.Acceptingmistakeswithgoodgrace.
D.Planningforthefuturewithacleargoal.
12.AccordingtoParagraph2,agoodleadershould
A.leadhisfollowerswithabsoluteauthority
B.makehisfollowersfollowhimoutofrespect
C.beabletofindoutwhoisatruefollowerintheteam
D.focusoncreatingnewideasinsteadofexecutingthem
13.Whatdoes"envision"mostprobablymeaninParagraph3?
C
A.Toremainoptimisticaboutfutureresults.
B.TofocusallhisattentiononIong-termgoals.
C.Tomeettheexpectationsoftheentireteammembers.
D.Toforecastthe
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