呼吸内科专业英语.docx
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呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语
Bronch
ialasthma支气管哮喘acidosis酸中毒
Allergen,allergicreaction变异原,变态反应bloodgasanalysis血气分析Anaemia贫血Alveolar肺泡的antibiotic抗生素
Atelectasis肺不张Lungabscess肺脓肿
Athroscleroticheartdisease动脉粥样硬化性心脏病
Beta2-agonistB2受体激动剂
Allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis曲霉菌
ARDSacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合征
Percussionandauscultation叩/听诊
Pulmonaryarterialstenosis肺动脉狭窄
Adrenalglucocorticoid肾上腺糖皮质激素
B
Biopsy活检
Bronchiectasis支气管扩张
Fiberopticbronchoscopicbiopsy纤支镜活检
BALbronchoalveolarlavage支气管肺泡灌洗
Bronchitis,bronchiolitis支气管炎,细支气管炎
Boop:
bronchiolitisobliteranswithorganizingpneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy支气管镜检查
C
CAHDcoronaryarterioscleroticheartdisease冠心病
CPRcardiopulmonaryresuscitation心肺复苏
CDILDchronicdiffuseinterstitiallungdisease慢性间质性肺病
COPDchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease慢阻肺
Clubbedfinger杵状指
drycough干咳
Cyanosis紫绀
Nonproductivecough干咳
Complication并发症
D
Dyspnea呼吸困难
Differentialdiagnosis鉴别诊断
Dischargediagnosis出院诊断
E
Emphysema肺气肿
pulmonaryembolism肺栓塞
Acidbaseequolibrium酸碱平衡
etiology病因学
Emphysematous肺大泡
Expectoration吐痰
Exacerbation加重
Endogenous内生的
Exogenous外生的
F
Interstitialpulmonaryfibrosis间质性肺纤维化
G
GM+Gramstainpositive
Gm-Gramstainnegative
H
Hypersensitivitypneumonia过敏性肺炎
Hemoglobin血红蛋白
Hemoptysis咯血
Hemorrhage出血
HRCThigh–resolutioncomputerizedtomography高分辨CTHistology组织学
Hypoxia缺氧
I
Idiopathicinterstitialpneumonia特发间质性肺炎
Intratracheal气管内的
Intravenous静脉内的
N
Noninvasiveventilation无创机械通气
O
OSASobstructivesleepapneasyndrome阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征
P
Pulmonarysecondsound肺动脉瓣第二心音
Pneumonia肺炎
Pneumothorax气胸
PTEpulmonarythromboembolism肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusionratio通气血流比
Pleura胸腔积液
Primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocationtest激发试验
Parenchymal实质的(insterstial间质的)
Plumonaryedema肺水肿
Lobarpneumonia大叶性肺炎
2/3
Lobularpneumonia小叶性肺炎
R
Moistrales湿罗音
Dryrales干罗音
S
SaO2saturationinarterialblood动脉血氧饱和度Shortofbreath气短
Syncope晕厥
Sarcoidosis结节病
Segment段
T
Tuberculosis结核病
Tachypnea气促
Thrombosis血栓
TBLBtransbronchiallungbiosy经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy胸腔镜检查
U
Upperrespiratorytractinfection上呼吸道感染
W
Wheeze哮鸣音
其他
facilitatingsputumexpectoration排痰releaseofbronchialspasm解痉
细菌
steptococcuspneumoiae肺炎链球菌
staphylococcus葡萄球菌
legionella军团菌
mycoplasma支原体
chlamydia衣原体
pneumococcus肺炎球菌
video-assistedthoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup]胸腔镜lungbiopsy
openlungbiopsy
pleuralbiopsy
biopsyofenlargedlymphnodes
D-Dimers
electrocardiogram(ECG)心电图
echocardiogram超声心动图
V/Qisotope['aisəutəup]同位素scan(ventilation/perfusionscanning)
spiral螺旋CT/MRA(MagneticResonanceAngiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术)pulmonaryangiography
Doppler['dɔplə]多普勒USSthigh[θai]大腿andpelvis['pelvis]骨盆(USS:
ultrasoundscanning)
cardiacmonitor
PSG(polysommography)
常见的病名diseases
acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染
commoncold普通感冒
influenza流感[,influ'enzə]
pharynigitis咽炎pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə]咽痛
acutebroncho-bronchitis急性气管-支气管炎
4/14
pneumonia肺炎
communityacquiredpneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospitalacquiredpneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎nosocomicalpneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎bronchiectasis支气管扩张
chornicbronchitis慢性支气管炎
pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿
chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(acuteexacerbating)AECOPDCOPD急性发作bronchialasthma支气管哮喘
allergicrhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎
respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭
lungabscess肺脓肿
pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核病
lungcancer:
肺癌
primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌
squamous['skweiməs]cellcarcinoma鳞癌
adenocarcinoma腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:
si'nəumə]
bronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌
smallcelllungcarcinoma(SCLC)小细胞肺癌
pulmonarymetastasis肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]
pulmonaryembolism(PE)肺栓塞
pulmonarythromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm]pulmonaryinfarction肺梗死deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深静脉血栓形成empyema脓胸[,empai'i:
mə]
pneumothorax气胸
pyopneumothorax脓气胸['paiəu,nju:
məu'θɔ:
ræks]
chronicsuppurativedisease慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv,-reitiv]
congenitalcyanoticdisease先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik]
corpulmonale肺源性心脏病['kɔ:
pumə'næli]
pulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压
pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi]
rightheartfailure;right-sidedheartfailure右心衰竭
pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病
interstitiallungdisease,ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病
idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]
cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik]隐源性的fibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病
systemiclupus['lju:
pəs]狼疮erythematosus,SLE系统性红斑狼疮
dermatomyositis皮肌炎
sarcoidosis结节病[,sɑ:
kɔi'dəusis]
Pulmonaryalveolarproteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis],PAP肺泡蛋白沉积症
Idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosis['hi:
məu,sidə'rəusis,,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病
Langerhanscellgranulomatosis朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis]
Eosinophilicgranuloma嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:
əsinə'filik]
HistiocytosisX组织细胞增多症X
WegenergranulomatosisWegener肉芽肿
extrinsicallergicalveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎
pneumoconiosis尘肺['nju:
mə,kəuni'əusis]
drug-inducedlungdisease药物性肺病
aspergillosis[æ,spə:
dʒi'ləusis]曲菌病:
allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis(ABPA)pleuraldisease胸膜疾病
broncho-pleuralfistula支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə]
oralcandidiasis口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis]
osteoporoticbonechange骨质疏松样改变
glaucoma青光眼
cataract白内障
acutelunginjury,ALI急性肺损伤
acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征
urticaria荨麻疹eczema湿疹hypertension高血压diabetes糖尿病beadministered,treatsb.withempirical经验性的,prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik,,prəu-]预防性,remedial[ri'mi:
diəl]治疗性Expectorant祛痰药[eks'pektərənt]Mucolytics粘液溶解剂[,mju:
kəu'litik]常用的药物drugsoragents
bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə]
B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂:
short-acting:
salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:
təmɔ(:
)l]long-acting:
salmeterol沙美特罗
muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik]毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂:
ipratropiumbromide['brəumaid]异丙托溴胺
aminophylline氨茶碱[ə,mi:
nəu'fili:
n]
steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled:
budesonide布地奈
po(per德,os).,beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松systemic:
prednisolone['pred'nisələun]强的松
hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:
tizəun]氢化可的松iv.
mastcellstabilizers:
cromoglycatesodium色甘酸钠
leukotriene[,lju:
kəu'traiən]白三烯receptorantagonists:
montelukast孟鲁司特
respiratorystimulants:
lobeline
6/14
nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid,-mid]尼可刹米
cardiactonic强心剂diuretics利尿剂[,daijuə'retik]albumin白蛋白['ælbjumin]antitussiveagents镇咳药[,ænti'tʌsiv]
ammoniumchloride氯化铵[ə'məunjəm]铵['klɔ:
raid]氯化物
ambroxol氨溴索(mucosolvan沐舒坦)
Pantoloc潘妥洛克
常用的治疗措施
loworhighflowoxygen:
nasalcannulae['kænjuli:
]鼻导管,Venturi[ven'tjuəri]文里氏face-masknebulizer['nebjulaizə]喷雾器:
finerparticlesize(3to20um)allowstracheobronchialdeposition
metereddoseinhaler(MDI)定量雾化吸入器
viaintubation[,intju:
'beiʃən]插管,tracheostomy[,træki'ɔstəmi,,trei-]气管造口术,tracheotomy[,træki'ɔtəmi,,trei-]气管切开术)
synchronizedintermittentmandatoryventilation,SIMV同步间歇指令通气
pressuresupportventilation,PSV压力支持通气
thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:
rəkəsen'tesis]chestdrain/drainage引流术chemotherapy化疗radiationtherapy放疗
pneumonectomy肺切除术[,nju:
məu'nektəmi]
lobectomyoflung,pulmonarylobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术
thoracotomy开胸术,胸廓切开术[,θɔ:
rə'kɔtəmi]
pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术
pleurectomy胸膜切除术
pleuraladhesion胸膜粘连术
thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术
inferiorvenacavafilter下腔静脉过滤器
cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysis
deviation:
tracheaandapex['eipeks]尖端shiftcontralaterally对立的旁边
CXR:
translucency[trænz'lju:
sənsi]半透明+collapse倒塌:
visiblerim边缘
refractoryorrecurrent周期性的:
pleurodesis胸膜固定术,pleurectomy[plu'rektəmi]胸膜切除术,bulla['bulə]大疱stapling装订orlasering激光常用的化疗药
9/14
cisplatin顺铂
Gemcitabine吉西他滨:
Gemzar(盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel;taxinol紫杉醇(Taxol泰素)docetaxel多西他赛(泰素帝)常见的抗生素
beta-lactamantibiotics:
inhibitcellwallsynthesis
penicillinskintest
amoxicillin阿莫西林
piperacillin/tazobactamsodium哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/clavulanatepotassium替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin头孢菌素类
cefradine头孢拉啶
cefaclor头孢克洛
cefoperazone/sulbactam头孢哌酮/舒巴坦
ceftriaxone头孢曲松
cefpiramide头孢吡啶
ceftazidime头孢他定
ceftizoxime头孢唑污
carbopenems碳青霉烯类
azactam氨曲南
meropenem美罗培南
imipenemandsodiumcilastatin亚胺培南/西司他丁钠(泰能tienam)Glycopeptides糖肽类inhibitcellwallassemblyvancomycin万古霉素norvancomycin去甲万古霉素
teicoplanin替考拉林
Macrolides大环内酯类:
inhibitproteinsynthesisroxithromycin罗红霉素
clarithromycin克拉霉素
azithromycin阿奇霉素
erythromycin红霉素
Aminoglycosideantibiotics:
氨基糖苷类reno-andototoxicinhibitinitiationandelongationprocessduringproteinsynthesisamikacin阿米卡星(丁胺卡那)
gentamicin庆大霉素
streptomycin链霉素
Sulfamido磺胺类
sulfamethoxazolecompound(SMZ.CO)
Quinolones喹诺酮类:
inhibitDNAgyrase
norfloxacin诺氟沙星
ofloxacin氧氟沙星
levofloxacin左氧氟沙星
gatifloxacin加替沙星
moxifloxacin莫西沙星ciprofloxacin环丙沙星
Tetracycline四环素类minocycline美满霉素Nitromidazole硝基咪唑类metronidazole甲硝唑
tinidazole替硝唑
ornidazole奥硝唑
Antitubercularagents抗结核药
rifampicin利福平
rifapentine利福喷丁
isoniazide,isonicotinichydrazideacidINH异烟肼
pyrazinamide吡嗪酰胺
ethambutol乙胺丁醇
Antifungal/antimycoticdrug抗真菌药
nystatin制霉菌素
amphotericin两性霉素B
fluconazole氟康唑
voriconazole伏立康唑
itraconazole伊曲康唑
Antivirusagents
ribavirin利巴韦林
oseltamivir奥司他韦acyclovir阿昔洛韦ganciclovir更昔洛韦valaciclovir伐昔洛韦
foscarnetsodium,phosphonoformicacid膦甲酸钠(可耐)
lamivudine拉米夫定
entecavir恩替卡韦
常见的病原微生物
microorganism,microbe微生物
bacterium细菌
lipopolysaccharide(LPS)脂多糖
antibiotics抗生素
pyrogen致热原
exotoxin外毒素
endotoxin内毒素
Gramstain革兰染色
Colonyformingunit,CFU集落形成单位
antibacterialagents抗菌药
resistance耐药性
ESBLs:
extendedspectrumB-lactamases超光谱B内酰胺酶
MRSA:
methicillin-resistantstaphylococcusaureus耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia菌血症
toxemia毒血症
11/14
endotoxemia内毒素血症
septicaemia败血症pyemia脓毒血症pathogen致病原pathogenicity致病性
virulence毒力
medianlethaldose(LD50)半数致死量
medianinfectiv