英语英语阅读理解科普环保专项及解析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解科普环保专项及解析
(英语)英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读理解
TheAlexandertechnique
Untilearlierthisyear,Ididn'tknowanythingabouttheAlexandertechnique—andsawnoreasontothinkIshould.Oneday,thebackacheIregularlysufferedwasmorepainful.Iwasbroughtuptothinkthatthepreferredwayofdealingwithachesistodonothingandhopethey'llgoaway,butIeventuallywenttothedoctor.Afterexaminingme,hesaid,"Youactuallyhavebadposture(姿势).GooffandlearntheAlexandertechnique."ThreemonthslaterIcouldwalkstraighterandsitbetter.
TheAlexandertechniqueisawayoflearninghowyoucangetridofharmfultensioninyourbody.Theteachingfocusesontheneck,headandback.Ittrainsyoutouseyourbodylessseverelyandcarryoutthemovementsthatwedoallthetimewithlesseffort.Thereislittleeffortinthelessonsthemselves,whichsetsaparttheAlexandertechniquefromyogaorpilates,whichareexercise-based.Atypicallessoninvolvesstandinginfrontofachairandlearningtositandstandwithminimumeffort.Youspendsometimelyingonabenchwithyourkneesbenttostraightenthespine(脊椎)andrelaxyourbodywhiletheteachermovesyourarmsandlegstotrainyoutomovethemcorrectly.
Thetechniquehelpstobreakthebadhabitsaccumulatedoveryears.Tryfoldingyourarmstheoppositewaytonormal.Thisisanexampleofahabitthebodyhasformedwhichcanbehardtobreak.Manyofuscarryourheadstoofarback.Theheadweighsfourtosixkilos,soanyinappropriateposturecancauseproblemsforthebody.Thetechniqueteachesyoutoletgoofthemusclesholdingtheheadback,allowingittogobacktoitsnaturalplaceonthetopofourspines.
SowhowasAlexanderandhowdidhecomeupwiththetechnique?
FrederickAlexander,anAustralianactorbornin1869,foundinhisyouththathehadvocal(声音的)problemsduringperformances.Heanalyzedhimselfandrealizedhisposturewasbad.Heworkedonimprovingit,withexcellentresults.HebroughthistechniquetoLondonandopenedateacher-trainingschool,whichisstillsuccessfultoday.
Soifyou'rewalkingalongtheroadonedaywithshouldersbentforward,feelingweigheddownbyyourtroubles,giveathoughttotheAlexandertechnique.Itwillhelpyouwalktallagain.
(1)WhatdoestheauthorsuggestinParagraph1?
A. Shefeltnobetterafterthetreatment.
B. ShegotboredwiththeAlexandertechnique.
C. Shewasscepticalaboutthedoctor'smethod.
D. Shewasunwillingtoseektreatmentforherbackache.
(2)WhatistheprincipleoftheAlexandertechnique?
A. Physicaltensionshouldn'tbecompletelyrelieved.
B. Thetechniqueshouldn'tbecombinedwithotherexercises.
C. Thepracticeofthetechniqueshouldn'tbeattemptedalone.
D. Familiarphysicalactionsshouldn'tbedonewithmucheffort.
(3)WhatcanwelearnaboutFrederickAlexander?
A. Hemanagedtorecoverhisvocalpowers.
B. Hewaseagertomakeanameforhimself.
C. Hedevelopedaformofexerciseforactors.
D. Hehadtoleavehometodevelophistechnique.
(4)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A. Theoccurrenceofbackpainiswidespread.
B. Alexanderimprovedthetechniquetotreatbodypain.
C. TheAlexandertechniquehelpsovercomepostureproblems.
D. Peoplewithbackpainarevictimsofinappropriatepostures.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)D
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Iwasbroughtuptothinkthatthepreferredwayofdealingwithachesistodonothingandhopethey'llgoaway,butIeventuallywenttothedoctor.”可知,作者从小就被灌输这样的思维,处理疼痛的更好办法就是不做任何事情,希望疼痛自行消失,但是却最终不得不去看医生,故可知,作者看医生都是迫不得已,故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Ittrainsyoutouseyourbodylessseverelyandcarryoutthemovementsthatwedoallthetimewithlesseffort.”可知,亚历山大技巧让你更合理使用身体,用最小的努力来做那些习惯性的动作,故可知,该技巧的原则就是用最小的力来做习惯性的动作,故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“FrederickAlexander,anAustralianactorbornin1869,foundinhisyouththathehadvocal(声音的)problemsduringperformances.Heanalyzedhimselfandrealizedhisposturewasbad.Heworkedonimprovingit,withexcellentresults.”可知,弗雷德里克·亚历山大,一个出身于186年的澳大利亚演员,在年轻的时候声音出了问题。
他做了分析,意识到自己的姿势不正确,因此致力于改善姿势,结果很好,故可知,他通过矫正姿势,解决了自己的声音问题,故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者,故可知在介绍亚历山大技巧的作用,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
KaitlinWoolleyandAyeletFishbachreportinPsychologicalSciencethatamealtaken"family-style"fromacentralplatecangreatlyimprovetheoutcomeoflaternegotiations.
Havingconductedpreviousresearchin2017revealingthateatingsimilarfoodsledtopeoplefeelingemotionallyclosertooneanother,DrWoolleyandDrFishbachwonderedwhetherthewayinwhichfoodwasservedalsohadapsychologicaleffect.Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity(短缺)andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.
Forthefirsttesttheyrecruited100pairsofparticipantsfromalocalcafe,noneofwhomkneweachother.Theparticipantswereseatedatatableandfedtortillachipswithsalsa.Halfthepairsweregiventheirownbasketof20gramsofchipsandabowlof25gramsofsalsa,andhalfweregiven40gramsofchipsand50gramsofsalsatoshare.Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.
Thegameaskedtheparticipantstonegotiateanhourlywagerateduringafictionalstrike.Eachpersonwasrandomlyassignedtorepresenttheunionormanagementandfollowasetofrules.
Theresearchersmeasuredcooperationbynotingthenumberofroundsittooktoreachanagreement,andfoundthatthosewhosharedfoodresolvedthestrikesignificantlyfaster(in8.7rounds)thanthosewhodidnot(13.2rounds).Asimilarexperimentwasconductedwith104
participantsandGoldfishcrackers(饼干),thistimenegotiatinganairline'srouteprices.Theresultsweremuchthesame,withthefood-sharersnegotiatingsuccessfully63.3%ofthetimeandthosewhodidnotsharedoingso42.9%ofthetime.
(1)Whatdoesthe"family-style"mealinthereportreferto?
A. Amealtakenathome.
B. Amealsharedwithothers.
C. Amealconsumedbyoneself.
D. Amealtakeninafamilyatmosphere.
(2)Forwhatpurposedidtheresearcherscarryoutthepresentexperiments?
A. Toshowthewayfoodisserved.
B. Toprovesharingfoodincreasescompetition.
C. Toconfirmsharingfoodcanpromotecooperation.
D. Tofindoutwhethersharingfoodcangetpeoplecloseemotionally.
(3)Whywereparticipantsaskedtoeatupthesnackbeforethegame?
A. Toaddtotheirenergy.
B. Torewardthemfortheirparticipation.
C. Tohidetheintentionoftheexperiment.
D. Toavoidthedistractionduringthegame.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了外交宴席的心理学 ,研究表明,从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐,可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Theytheorizedthat,ontheonehand,sharingfoodwithotherpeoplemightindicatefoodscarcity(短缺)andincreaseafeelingofcompetition.However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.”他们形成了一套理论,认为一方面,与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺,并加强了竞争的概念。
然而,他们还推断,这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求,从而推动合作性的行为。
可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐,故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“However,theyalsoreasonedthatitcouldinsteadleadpeopletobecomemoreawareofothers'needsanddrivecooperativebehaviorasaresult.Curioustofindout,theydidaseriesofexperiments.” 然而,他们还推断,这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求,从而推动合作性的行为。
出于好奇心,他们做了一系列实验。
可知选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Asacoverfortheexperiment,allparticipantsweretoldthissnackwastobeconsumedbeforethegamebegan.”作为实验的掩护,所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食。
可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
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BirdFriendlycoffeesareshade-grown,meaningthecoffeeisplantedundertrees,ratherthanonthelandthathasbeenclearedofallotherplants.Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.BirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesgrowunderbio-diverseshadethatprovideshabitatformigratorysongbirdsandotherwildlife,storescarbonandfightsclimatechange.BirdFriendlycoffeesarealsocertifiedorganic,meaningtheyaregrownwithoutpesticides,whichisbetterforpeopleandfortheplanet.
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