美国文学填空题.docx

美国文学填空题.docx

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美国文学填空题

美国文学补充练习填空题

PartI 

1.Atlastearlyinthe  century,theEnglishsettlementsin  and  beganthemainstreamofwhatwerecognizeasAmericannationalhistory.

2.TheearliestsettlersinUS,includes  ,Swedes,  ,French,  ,Italians,and  .

3.  ’sreportsofexploration,publishedintheearly1600s,havebeendescribedasthefirstdistinctlyAmericanliteraturetobewritteninEnglish.

4.ThePuritanshadcometoNewEnglandforthesakeof  ,whileVirginiahadbeenplantedmainlyasa  .

5.Hardwork,  ,piety,and  werethePuritanvaluesthatdominatedmuchoftheearliestAmericanwriting,includingthesermons,books,andlettersofsuchnotedPuritanclergymenasJohnCottonandCottonMather.

6.  ,thefirstgovernorofPlymouth,and  ,whoheldthesamepostatBoston,weremensuperiortoeventheremarkablequalitiesthatdistinguishedmanyoftheirassociates.Eachhasleftusapricelessgift:

theformer,  ,thelatter  .

7.ThebestwaytolearnmoreofthecolonialPuritanmindistomeettwoimportantfigures,_____and  .

8.Mostpuritanversewasdecidedlyplodding,buttheworkofthetwowriters,AnneBradstreetandEdwardTaylor,rosetothelevelof  .

Answer:

1.17th,Virginia,Massachusetts

2.Ducth,Germans,Spaniards,Portuguese

3.CaptainJohnSmith

4.religiousfreedom,commercialventure

5.thrift,sobriety

6.WilliamBradford,JohnWinthrop,TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation,TheHistoryofNewEngland

7.JohnCotton,RogerWilliams

realpoetry

PartII

1.Aswehaveseen,  dominatedthePuritanphaseofAmericanwriting.  wasthenextgreatsubjecttocommandtheattentionofthebestminds.

2.FreedomwaswonasmuchbythefieryrhetoricofThomasPaine’s  andtheeloquenceofthe  asbytheweaponsofWashingtonorLafayette.

3.  hamperedcolonialeconomybyrequiringAmericanstoshiprawmaterialsaboardandtoimportfinishedgoodsatpriceshigherthanthecostofmakingtheminthiscountry.

4.American  dealtadecisiveblowuponthepuritantraditionsandbroughttolife  andliterature.

5.ThesecularideasoftheAmericanEnlightenmentwereexemplifiedinthelifeandcareerof  ,whoinstructedhiscountrymenas  ,not  .

6.In1783,theyeartheUnitedStatesachieveditsindependence,  declared,“Americanmustbeasindependentinliteratureassheisinpolitics,asfamousfortheartsasforarms”.

7.BorninBostonin1706,BenjaminFranklinwenttoPhiladelphiaasayoungmanandbeganhiscareeras  .

8.From1732to1758,Franklinwroteandpublishedhisfamous  ,anannualcollectionofproverbs.

9.OnJanuary10,1766,Paine’sfamouspamphlet  appeared.Itboldlyadvocateda“DeclarationforIndependence”,andbroughttheseparatistagitationtoacrisis.

10.  isperhapsthemostoutstandingwriterofthepost-revolutionaryperiod.

11.Freneauwas  bytrainingandtasteyetromanticinessentialspirit.

12.Forafewyears,writingwithsporadicfluency,Freneauearnedhislivingvariouslyas  ,  ,andseacaptain.

13.Asapoet,   heraldedAmericanliteratureindependence:

hiscloseobservationofnaturedistinguishedhistreatmentofindigenouswildlifeandothernativeAmericansubjects.

14.Freneauhasbeencalledthe“  ”,anditisultimatelyinahistoricalestimatethatFreneauisimportant.

Answer:

1.theology,politics

2.CommonSense,

DeclarationofIndependence

3.TheBritishgovernment

4.Enlightenment,seculareducation

5.BenjaminFranklin,aprinter,apriest

6.NoahWebster

7.aprinter

8.PoorRichard’sAlmanac

9.CommonSense

10.PhilipFreneau

11.neoclassical

12.farmer,journalist

13.Freneau

14.FatherofAmericanPoetry

PartIII

1.In1828theelectionofthefrontier  astheseventhPresidentoftheUnitedStateshadbroughtaneffectiveendtothe“VirginiaDynasty”ofAmericanpresidents.

2.TheUnitedStateshadbeenarepublicofsmall  ,withoutsharpcontrastofwealth.

3.Throughthefirsthalfof19thcenturythepursuitof  ,utility,and  remainedanAmericancharacteristic.

4.In  thefirstcollege-levelinstitutionforwomen,MountHolyokeFemaleSeminaryopenedin  toservethe“muslinsex”.

5.WashingtonIrving’s  becamethefirstworkbyanAmericanwritertowinfinancialsuccessonbothsidesofAtlantic.

6.TheattitudesofAmerica’swriterswereshapedbytheir  environmentandarrayofideasinheritedfromthe  traditionsofEurope.

7.  valueswereprominentinAmericanpolitics,art,andphilosophyuntiltheCivilWar.

8.Asamoralphilosophy,transcendentalismwasneither  nor  .

9.Romanticwritersplacedincreasingvalueonthe  expressionofemotionanddisplayedincreasingattentiontothe  statesoftheircharacters.

10.In1820,  publishedAnAmericanDictionaryofTheEnglishLanguage.

11.  wasthefirstgreatprosestylistofAmericanromanticism,andhisfamiliarstylewasdestinedtooutlivetheformalproseofsuchcontemporariesasScottandCooper,andtoprovideamodelfortheprevailingprosenarrativeofthefuture.

12.Irvingwasthefirstgreat  ,writingalwaysfor  ,andtoproduce  .

13.  wasarousingtaleaboutespionageagainsttheBritishduringtheRevolutionaryWar.

14.Cooperlaunchedtwokindsofimmenselypopularstories:

  and  .

15.ThecentralfigureinCooper’snovels,  ,goesbyseriousnamesofLeatherstocking,Deerslayer,Pathfinder,andHawkeye.

16.In1817,thestatelypoemcalledThanatopsis（Greek,meaning“viewofdeath”）introducedthebestpoet,  ,toappearinAmericanuptothattime.

Answer:

1.AndrewJackson

2.landholders

3.simplicity,perfection

4.1837,Massachusetts

5.SketchBook

6.NewWorld,romantic

7.Romantic

8.logical,systematized

9.free,psychic

10.NoahWebster

11.WashingtonIrving

12.belletrist,pleasure,pleasure

13.TheSpy

14.theseaadventuretale,thefrontiersaga

15.NattyBumppo

16.WilliamCullenBryant

1.Poeenteredthe  ,butleftashorttimelaterbecausehewouldnotentertheprofessionoflawasAllanwished.

2.Ironically,whilePoewasstrugglinginAmerica,hisworkwascommandingmoreandmorepraisein  .Hisinfluencewasespeciallystrongonmany  writers.

3.Emersonwasrecognizedthroughouthislifeastheleaderof  movement,yetheneverappliedthetermtohimselfortohisbeliefsandideas.

4.Emersonbelievedaboveallin  ,independenceofmind,and  .

5.Twospeeches,  and  madeEmersonfamous.

6.Emerson’struestdisciple,themanwhoputintopracticemanyofEmerson’stheories,was  .

7.ForThoreau,asforEmerson,  and  rankedaboveall.

8.“  ”statedThoreau’sbeliefthatnomanshouldviolatehisconscienceatthecommandofagovernment.

Answer:

1.UniversityofVirginia

2.Europe,French

3.Transcendentalist

4.individualism,self-reliance

5.TheAmericanScholar,TheDivinitySchoolAddress

6.HenryDavidThoreau

7.self-reliance,independenceofmind

8.CivilDisobedience

1.  dealswiththeeffectsofacurse,andthoughthetaleitselfisfiction,thegermofthestorysprangfromtheauthor’sfamilyhistory.

2.Hawthorne’suniquegiftwasthecreationofstrongly  storieswhichtouchthedeepestrootsofman’smoralnature.ThefinestexampleistherecreationofPuritanBoston,  .

3.Hawthorne’sabilitytocreatevividandsymbolicimagesthatembodygreat  questionsappearsstronglyinhisshortstories.

4.  isatremendouschronicleofawhalingvoyageinpursuitofaseeminglysupernaturalwhitewhale.

5.  and  bytemperament,MelvilleshippedasacabinboyonamerchantvesseltoEnglandin1839,whenhewastwenty.

6.WhatbaffledMobyDick’sreaderswasthebook’swildextravagancesof  and  ,itseffectof  and  ,itseffectofwhatthemoderncriticVanWyckBrookscalls“ashredded  play.

7.Longfellowdomesticated  metersasinhisadaptationofclassical  meterstotellthestoryofEvangelineBellefontaine.

8.The  ,sweetness,and  forwhichLongfellow’spoetrywaspopularduringhislifetimeweretheveryqualitiesthatcausedthereactionagainstinafterhisdeath.

Answer:

1.TheHouseoftheSevenGables

2.symbolic,TheScarletLetter

3.moral

4.MobyDick

5.Restless,venturesome

6.mood,language,Shakespearean

7.European,Greek

8.gentleness,purity

1.Bytheendof  （1816-1865）mostoftheforcesthatwouldtypifytwentieth-centuryAmericanhadbeguntoemerge.Northern  hadtriumphedoverSouthern  andfromthatvictorycameasocietybasedonmasslaborandmassconsumption.

2.In1865thefirststeptowardracialequalitywasmadewhenthe  AmendmenttotheConstitutionwasadopted,abolishing  withintheUnitedStates.

3.By1890thefrontier,thewestwardmovinglineofsettlementbeganthreeyearsbeforeonthe       _____ceasedtoexist.

4.In1891,  （foundedin1883）becamethefirstAmericanmagazinetoexceedacirculationofhalfamillion;by1905ithadreachedamillion.

5.HarrietBeccherStowe,theauthorof  （1852）,hadbecomeanAmericaninstitutionandthemostfamousliterarywomanintheworld.

6.The  hadwhatHenryJamescalled“apowerfulimpulsetomirrortotheunmitigatedrealitiesoflife.

7.“Realism”firstappearedintheUnitedStatesintheliteratureof  ,andanamalgamifromanticplotsandrealisticdescriptionsofthingswereimmediatelyobservable.

8.Thearbiterofnineteenth-centuryliteraryrealisminAmericanwas  .

9.ThebulkofAmerica’sliteraryrealismwaslimitedto  treatmentofthesurfaceoflife.

10.Naturalism,likerealism,hadcomefrom  .

11.The