届高三英语月考试题2.docx

届高三英语月考试题2.docx

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届高三英语月考试题2

2019届高三英语9月月考试题

（2）

一阅读理解（每小题3分，共60分）

A．

Supposeyou’reinarush¸fellingtired¸notpayingattentiontoyourscreen¸andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble．

Realisationwillprobablysetinsecondsafteryou’veclicked“send”．Youfreezeinhorrorsandburnwithshame．

Whattodo?

Herearefourcommonemailaccidents¸andhowtorecover．

Clicking“send”toosoon

Don’twasteyourtimetryingtofindoutifthereceivershasreadityet．Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabriefexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthepreviousversionshouldbeignored．

Writingthewrongname

Thesooneryounotice¸thebetter．Respondquicklyandbriefly¸apologizingforyourmistake．Keepthetonemeasured:

don’thandleittoolightly¸aspeoplecanbeoffened¸especiallyifyourerrorsuggestsamisunderstandingoftheirculture（i．e．incorrectorderingofChinesenames）．

Clicking“replyall”unintentionally

Youaccidentallyreveal（透露）toentirecompanywhatmenuchoicesyouwouldpreferatthestaffChristmasdinner¸orwhatholidayyou’dliketotake．Inthisinstance¸thebestsolutionistosendaquick¸light-heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness．Butitcanquicklyrisetosomethingworse¸wheneveryonestartshitting“replyall”tojoininalongandunpleasantconversation．Inthisinstance¸stepawayfromyourkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown．

Sendinganoffensivemessagetoitssubject

Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger．Youwriteanunkindmessageaboutsomeone¸intendingtosendittoafriend¸butaccidentallysendittothepersonyou’rediscussing．Inthatcase¸asktospeakinpersonassoonaspossibleandsaysorry．Explainyourfrustrationscalmlyandsensibly—seeitasanopportunitytoclearupanydifficultiesyoumayhavewiththisperson．

1．Afterrealisinganemailaccident¸youarelikelytofeel_______．

A．curiousB．tiredC．awfulD．funny

2．Ifyouhavewrittenthewrongnameinanemail¸itisbestto________．

A．apologiseinaseriousmannerB．tellthereceivertoignoretheerror

C．learntowritethenamecorrectlyD．sendashortnoticetoeveryone

3．Whatshouldyoudowhenanunpleasantconversationisstartedbyyour“replyall”email?

A．Tryofferingotherchoices．B．Avoidfurtherinvolvement．

C．Meetotherstaffmembers．D．Makealight-heartedapology．

4．Howshouldyoudealwiththeproblemcausedbyanoffensiveemail?

A．Bypromisingnottooffendthereceiveragain．

B．Byseekingsupportfromthereceiver’sfriends．

C．Byaskingthereceivertocontrolhisanger．

D．Bytalkingtothereceiverfacetoface．

5．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．Definingemailerrors．B．Reducingemailmistakes．

C．Handlingemailaccidents．D．Improvingemailwriting．

B

GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids．Accordingtoanewsurvey（调查）bytheNationalSleepFoundation¸51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights¸eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly．LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday¸and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool．

Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage．Babiesneedalotofrest:

mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!

Adultsneedabouteighthours．Formostschool-agechildren¸tenhoursisideal（理想的）．ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours．Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?

WatchTV．

“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson¸andtherearemoreopportunities（机会）tostayawake¸withmorehomework¸theInternetandthephone¸”saysDr．MaryCarskadon¸asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool．Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep．0therexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical．Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics¸butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm．

Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers¸someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto．Threeyearsago¸schoolsinEdina¸Minnesota¸changedthestarttimefrom7:

25amto8:

30am．Students¸parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults．

6．WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?

A．Americankids’sleepinghabits．B．Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases．

C．Activitiestopreventsleeplessness．D．Learningproblemsandlackofsleep．

7．Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?

A．7hours．B．8hours．C．10hours．D．18hours．

8．WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?

A．Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals．B．Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem．

C．Theyfollowtheirparents’examples．D．Theydon’tneedtogotoschoolearly．

C

Passengerpigeons（旅鸽）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers．Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours．

Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld．Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometers）longwasseennearCincinnati．

Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing．Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands．Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime．Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants．

Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood,whichscattered（驱散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline．Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain．

In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years．ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,0hio,in1900．Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare．Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914．

9．Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______．

A．werethebiggestbirdintheworldB．livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C．didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment

D．werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS

10．Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’______．

A．escapeB．ruinC．liberationD．evolution

11．Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?

A．Toseekpleasure．B．Tosaveotherbirds．

C．Tomakemoney．D．Toprotectcrops．

12．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?

A．Itwasignoredbythepublic．B．Itwasdeclaredtoolate．

C．Itwasunfair．D．Itwasstrict．

D

Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪恶）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly．Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant．In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener¸whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）¸putitthisway：

“Ifweuse¸toachieveourpurposes¸amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干预）¸wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire．”

Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality¸onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings：

awishtopreserveitsownexistence．Forthemachine¸thisqualityisnotin-born¸norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead．Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee¸itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask．Ifwearenotcareful¸then¸wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined¸superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown¸withtherealworldasthechessboard．

Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists．Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall¸usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld．Unfortunately¸thatplanseemsunlikelytowork：

wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans¸letalonesuperintelligentmachines．

SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy．Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines．Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand¸asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers．Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans．0therssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility．Stillothe