届高三英语月考试题2.docx
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届高三英语月考试题2
2019届高三英语9月月考试题
(2)
一阅读理解(每小题3分,共60分)
A.
Supposeyou’reinarush¸fellingtired¸notpayingattentiontoyourscreen¸andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.
Realisationwillprobablysetinsecondsafteryou’veclicked“send”.Youfreezeinhorrorsandburnwithshame.
Whattodo?
Herearefourcommonemailaccidents¸andhowtorecover.
Clicking“send”toosoon
Don’twasteyourtimetryingtofindoutifthereceivershasreadityet.Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabriefexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthepreviousversionshouldbeignored.
Writingthewrongname
Thesooneryounotice¸thebetter.Respondquicklyandbriefly¸apologizingforyourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured:
don’thandleittoolightly¸aspeoplecanbeoffened¸especiallyifyourerrorsuggestsamisunderstandingoftheirculture(i.e.incorrectorderingofChinesenames).
Clicking“replyall”unintentionally
Youaccidentallyreveal(透露)toentirecompanywhatmenuchoicesyouwouldpreferatthestaffChristmasdinner¸orwhatholidayyou’dliketotake.Inthisinstance¸thebestsolutionistosendaquick¸light-heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness.Butitcanquicklyrisetosomethingworse¸wheneveryonestartshitting“replyall”tojoininalongandunpleasantconversation.Inthisinstance¸stepawayfromyourkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown.
Sendinganoffensivemessagetoitssubject
Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.Youwriteanunkindmessageaboutsomeone¸intendingtosendittoafriend¸butaccidentallysendittothepersonyou’rediscussing.Inthatcase¸asktospeakinpersonassoonaspossibleandsaysorry.Explainyourfrustrationscalmlyandsensibly—seeitasanopportunitytoclearupanydifficultiesyoumayhavewiththisperson.
1.Afterrealisinganemailaccident¸youarelikelytofeel_______.
A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny
2.Ifyouhavewrittenthewrongnameinanemail¸itisbestto________.
A.apologiseinaseriousmannerB.tellthereceivertoignoretheerror
C.learntowritethenamecorrectlyD.sendashortnoticetoeveryone
3.Whatshouldyoudowhenanunpleasantconversationisstartedbyyour“replyall”email?
A.Tryofferingotherchoices.B.Avoidfurtherinvolvement.
C.Meetotherstaffmembers.D.Makealight-heartedapology.
4.Howshouldyoudealwiththeproblemcausedbyanoffensiveemail?
A.Bypromisingnottooffendthereceiveragain.
B.Byseekingsupportfromthereceiver’sfriends.
C.Byaskingthereceivertocontrolhisanger.
D.Bytalkingtothereceiverfacetoface.
5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Definingemailerrors.B.Reducingemailmistakes.
C.Handlingemailaccidents.D.Improvingemailwriting.
B
GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation¸51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights¸eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday¸and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.
Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest:
mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!
Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren¸tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?
WatchTV.
“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson¸andtherearemoreopportunities(机会)tostayawake¸withmorehomework¸theInternetandthephone¸”saysDr.MaryCarskadon¸asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.0therexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics¸butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.
Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers¸someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago¸schoolsinEdina¸Minnesota¸changedthestarttimefrom7:
25amto8:
30am.Students¸parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.
6.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?
A.Americankids’sleepinghabits.B.Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases.
C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.
7.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?
A.7hours.B.8hours.C.10hours.D.18hours.
8.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?
A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.
C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.D.Theydon’tneedtogotoschoolearly.
C
Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.
Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.
Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.
Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood,whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.
In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,0hio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.
9.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______.
A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica
C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment
D.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS
10.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’______.
A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution
11.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?
A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.
C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.
12.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?
A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.
C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.
D
Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener¸whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics(控制论)¸putitthisway:
“Ifweuse¸toachieveourpurposes¸amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预)¸wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”
Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality¸onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:
awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine¸thisqualityisnotin-born¸norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee¸itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful¸then¸wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined¸superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown¸withtherealworldasthechessboard.
Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall¸usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately¸thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:
wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans¸letalonesuperintelligentmachines.
SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand¸asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.0therssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.Stillothe