项目管理外文翻译.docx
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项目管理外文翻译
外文文献原文:
ReadytoupgradeVisualBasic6.0applicationstoVisualBasic.NET
Outline
ThisdocumentistouseMicrosoft®VisualBasic®developerstoprovidetheapplicationto
upgradetoMicrosoftVisualBasic.NETrecommendations.
VisualBasic.NETcanopentheVisualBasic6.0projectstoVisualBasic.NETupgradeitstechnology.However,inmostcases,theprojecttoupgradetoVisualBasic.NET,youneedtomakesomechangestotheproject.ThepurposeofthisdocumentisonthedesignandimplementationofthecurrentVisualBasicprojecttoproviderecommendationstoupgradetoVisualBasic.NETonlyafteraminimumofchanges.Whereappropriate,wewillusethenewlanguagestructure;However,thisdocumentisnotalanguagereferenceforVisualBasic.NET.WhatisVisualBasic.NET?
VisualBasic.NETisthenextversionofVisualBasic.Microsoftre-designedtheproduct,ratherthansimplyasVisualBasic6.0addsomenewfeatures.Thenewversioneasierthanpreviousversionsofthepreparationofdistributedapplications,suchasWebandenterprisen-tiersystem.VisualBasic.NETwithtwonewformspackages(WindowsFormsandWebForms);usedtoaccessthedisconnectedADOdatasourceforthenewversion;thelatestmodelofthelanguage,removethetraditionalkeyword,improvedtypesecurityandadvanceddevelopersneedtoopenalow-levelstructure.
ThesenewfeaturesfortheVisualBasicdeveloperopenedanewdoor:
UsetheWebFormsandADO.NET,torapidlydevelopscalableWebsites;throughtheinheritance,thelanguagecanbearealobject-orientedprogrammingsupport;Windowswindowbodyitselftosupportaccessandvisualinheritance;nowdeployyourapplicationastheexecutablefilesandcomponentsfromonedirectorytoanotherdirectorysosimple.
VisualBasic.NETisnowavailableinotherlanguagesfullyintegratedwithMicrosoftVisualStudio.NET.Youcannotonlyusedifferentprogramminglanguagetodevelopapplicationcomponents,andyourclasscannowcross-languageinheritancetoinheritclasseswrittenindifferentlanguages.Usingtheunifieddebuggercannowdebugmultiplelanguageapplications,regardlessofwhethertheyarerunlocallyoronaremotecomputer.Finally,nomatterwhatlanguageyouuse,Microsoft.NETFrameworkistheMicrosoftWindows®andInternetprovidesarichAPI.
Whynot100percentcompatiblewithVisualBasic.NET?
VisualBasic.NETcanbedesignedtoconsidertwooptions:
Updatetotheexistingcodebase.NETframeworktorun;orbuildfromscratchtofullyleveragetheplatform'sadvantages.Toreachthecustomersmostinneedoffeatures(suchasinheritanceandThreading),toprovidetheplatformforfullandunrestrictedaccess,andtoensurethenextgenerationofVisualBasiccanaccessWebapplication,therightdecisioninthenewplatformthegenerationfromscratch.
Forexample,inWindowsFormsinanumberofnewfeaturescanbeusedasnewcontrolsormorepropertiestoaddtotheexistingcodebase.However,thiswillputallotherimportantfunctions(suchassecurityandvisualinheritance)thecostofsuccessiontotheWindowsform.
OurmaingoalsistoensurethattheVisualBasiccodecanbecompletelyanduseofotherlanguages(suchasMicrosoftVisualC#™,orMicrosoftVisualC++®)writecodetowork,andtoVisualBasicdeveloperseasytouse.NETFrameworkfeatureswithoutusingthetraditionalWindowsAPIprogrammingtoolstomakework.AndVisualC++andanyothercommonlanguageruntimetotargetthesamelanguage,VisualBasicnowhasthesamevariabletype,array,user-definedtypes,classesandinterfaces;butwehaveremovedfromthelanguageofcertainfunctions,Forexample,anarrayoffixed-lengthstringsandnon-zero.
VisualBasicisnowatrueobject-orientedlanguage;somenon-intuitiveandinconsistentfeaturehasbeenremovedfromthelanguage,suchasGoSub/ReturnandDefInt.
TheresultisaVisualBasicmoredynamic,itwillcontinuetobeWindows-basedapplicationthatcreatesthebesttools,andnowtocreatethenextgenerationofWebsitetobethebesttool.
UpgradetoVisualBasic.NET
VisualBasic.NETfromthebasicprinciplesofthetraditionalWindowsdevelopmenttobuildnextgenerationWebandn-tierapplications.Therefore,youneedtoupgradethecodetousetheadvantagesofVisualBasic.NET.
OpeninVisualBasic.NETinVisualBasic6.0project,itwillautomaticallyappear,"UpgradeWizard"toguideyouthroughtheupgradeprocess,andautomaticallycreateanewVisualBasic.NETproject(yourexistingprojectwillnotchange).Thisisaone-wayprocess;inVisualBasic6.0cannotopenanewVisualBasic.NETproject.
Worksaftertheupgrade,languagechangeduetosyntaxchanges,yourformisconvertedtoVisualBasic6.0WindowsForms.Inmostcases,theupgradecodealsoneedtobesomechanges.ThisisbecausecertainobjectsandlanguagefeaturesinVisualBasic.NETisnotequivalenttothecontent,orforautomaticupdates,theequivalentcontentdifferencestoo.Aftertheupgrade,mayalsoneedtochangeyourapplicationstouseVisualBasic.NETsomeofthenewfeatures.
AtthesametimeusingVisualBasic6.0andVisualBasic.NET
VisualBasic.NETsupportforVisualBasic6.0upgradeproject;IfyouhaveaVisualBasic,version1toversion5,thepreparationoftheproject,werecommendthatyouloaditintoVB6(thechoicetoupgradeMicrosoftActiveX®controls),compileandsavetheproject,andthenupgradetheprojecttoVisualBasic.NET.
VisualBasic.NETandVisualBasic6.0canbeinstalledonthesamecomputerandrun.Similarly,withVisualBasic.NETandVisualBasic6.0applicationswrittencanalsobeinstalledonthesamecomputerandrunconcurrently.ComponentswrittenusingVisualBasic.NETwithearlierversionsofVisualBasic,andCOMcomponentswritteninotherlanguagestoworktogether.Forexample,canbewrittenusingVisualBasic6.0ActiveXcontrolstoVisualBasic.NETWindowsFormsdraganddrop,useVisualBasic.NETClassLibraryinVisualBasic6.0COMobjects,ortoVisualBasic6.0executabletheVisualBasic.NETLibrary.
ComponentswithVisualBasic.NETcompilerandcompiledusingVisualBasic6.0runtimecomponentsareslightlydifferent.Fortheinitialapplication,asVisualBasic.NETobjectsthroughgarbagecollectionrelease,soiftheobjectisexplicitlyremovedfrommemorybeforetheyactuallydelete,maybeadelay.Otherdifferences,suchasvariant/objectchangeswillnotelaterinthisarticle.AresultofthesedifferencesisacommonapplicationwithVisualBasic.NETVisualBasic6.0applicationrunningwithsimilarcharacteristics,butnotidentical.
Inaddition,VisualBasic.NETtoVisualBasic.NETandVisualBasic6.0componentsinbetweenthesecomponentsdonotbinarycompatible.Componentsarenowmorepowerfulthanbefore,versionmanagementanddeploymentsystem,youcansimplycopyfilestoadirectory(nolongerRegSvr32)todeploythefile,andupgradetonewversionofthecomponentasanewreplacetheoldfilesaseasy.Youhavetodoistoensurethatclassesandmethodscompatiblewithearlierversions.
Architectureproposed
.NETplatformontheimprovementofearlyarchitectureonthescalabilityofdistributedapplicationsandtoprovidemorepowerfulsupport,althoughithasdisconnecteddataaccess,message-basedHTTP-basedanddeployment(nolongerisacomponentregistration).Totakefulladvantageofthesefeaturesinthedesignofyourapplicationarchitectureused,shouldbeusedinVisualBasic.NETsimilararchitecture.
Browser-basedapplications
VisualBasic6.0andMicrosoftVisualStudio®6.0tocreateabrowser-basedInternetandIntranetapplicationsprovidethefollowingtypesoftechnologies:
·Webclass
·DHTMLproject
·ActiveXDocument
·ActiveServerPages(ASP)
VisualBasic.NETintroducesanenhancedversionthatisASPASP.NET,andwiththeWebformtothearchitecture,WebformisthecasewithVisualBasicHTMLpage.Architectureisbasedontheserver.
Thefollowingrecommendationsandalistofthemainarchitectureproposedforthedevelopmentofbrowser-basedVisualBasic6.0applicationstoenablethemtoseamlesslymigratetoVisualBasic.NETprojects:
RecommendthatyoufollowMicrosoftguidelinesformulti-tierarchitecturetocreateyourapplication,usingASPtocreateinterfacesusingVisualBasic6.0orVisualC++6.0COMobjecttocreatebusinesslogic.VisualBasic.NETinfullsupportofASP,youcanuseASP,ASP.NETandWebFormsapplicationstocontinuetoexpand.VisualBasic6.0andVisualC++6.0businessobjectscannotbemodifiedorupgradedtoforVisualStudio.NETorVisualStudio.NET.
DHTMLapplications,includingDHTMLpageandtheclientDLL.TheseapplicationsarenotautomaticallyupgradedtoVisualBasic.NET.WerecommendthatyouleavetheseapplicationsintheVisualBasic6.0.
VisualBasic.NETdoesnotsupportActiveXdocuments,thesameastheDHTMLprojectdoesnotautomaticallyupdate.WerecommendyoutostayintheActiveXdocumentapplicationinVisualBasic6.0,orpossible,toreplacetheActiveXusercontroldocuments.
VisualBasic6.0ActiveXdocumentsandDHTMLapplicationswithVisualBasic.NETtechnologyworktogether.Forexample,youcannavigatefromaVisualBasic.NETWebFormstoVisualBasic6.0DHTMLpage,andviceversa.
VisualBasic.NETisnolongeraWebclass.WebclassapplicationwillbeupgradedtoASP.NET,butaftertheupgradeyouneedtomakesomemodifications.WebclassexistingapplicationswithVisualBasic.NETWebFormsandASPapplicationsworktogether,butfornewprojects,werecommendthatyouusewithVisualBasic6.0businessobjectASP'sWindowsDNAplatform.
Client/serverproject
VisualBasic6.0toprovideforcreatingclient/serverapplicat