proof reading.docx

proof reading.docx

《proof reading.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《proof reading.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

proofreading

ProofReadingExercisesforTEM8

1.Abouthalfoftheinfantandmaternaldeathsindevelopingcountriescould

beavoidedifwomenhadusedfamilyplanningmethodstopreventhighrisk____1____

pregnancies,accordingtoareportpublishingrecentlybytheJohnsHopking____2____

University.

Thereportindicatesthat5.6millioninfantdeathsand2,000,000maternal

Deathscouldbepreventedthisyearifwomenchosetohavetheirschildren____3____

withinthesafestyearswithadequateintervalsamongbirthsandlimitedtheir____4____

familiestomoderatesize.

Thisamountstoabouthalfofthe9.8millioninfantand370.000maternal

deathsindevelopingcountries,excludedChina,estimatedforthisyearby____5____

theUnitedNation’sChildren’sFundandtheUSCentersforDiseaseControl

respectably.Chinawasexcludedbecauseveryfewbirthsoccurinthehigh____6____

riskcategories.

Thereportsaysthatevidencesfromaroundtheworldshowstheriskof____7____

maternalorinfantillanddeathisthehighestinfourspecifictypesof____8_____

pregnancy;pregnanciesbeforethemotheris18yearold;thoseafterthe____9____

motheris35yearsold;pregnanciesafterfourbirths;andthoselesserthan____10____

twoyearsapart.

2.“Home,sweethome”isaphrasethatexpressanessential

attitudeintheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthe

familyhouseissweetornosweet,thecherishedidealofhome_____1_____

hasgreatimportanceformanypeople.

ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,

dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenthcenturyEuropeansettlers

ofAmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouse_____2_____

forone’sfamily,andstartedafarm.Thesesmallhouseholdswere_____3_____

portraitsofindependence:

theentirefamily-mother,father,children,

evengrandparents-liveinasmallhouseandworkingtogetherto_____4_____

supporteachother.Anyoneunderstoodthelife-and-deathimportance_____5_____

offamilycooperationandhardwork.Althoughmostpeopleinthe

UnitedStatesnolongerliveonfarms,buttheidealofhomeownership_____6_____

isjustasstronginthetwentiethcenturyasitwasinthenineteenth.

WhenU.SsoldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarⅡ,forexample,_____7_____

theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.Buttherewas_____8_____

atremendousboominhomebuilding.Thenewhouses,typicallyin

thesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitsatisfied_____9_____

adeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisoftheir_____10_____

wayoflife.

3.Weliveinasocietywhichthereisalotoftalkaboutscience,butIwouldsay_____1_____

thattherearenot5percentofthepeoplewhoareequippedwithschool,including

college,tounderstandscientificreasoning.Wearemoreignorantofscienceaspeople_____2_____

withcomparableeducationinWesternEurope.

Therearealotofkidswhoknoweverythingaboutcomputers—howtobuild

them,howtotakethemapart,andhowtowriteprogramsforgames.Soifyouask_____3_____

themtoexplainabouttheprinciplesofphysicsthathavegoneintocreatingthe_____4_____

computer,youdon’thavefaintestidea._____5_____

Thefailuretounderstandscienceleadstosuchthingsliketheneglectofhuman_____6_____

creativepower.Italsotakesrisetoblurringofthedistinctionbetweenscienceand_____7_____

technology.Lotsofpeopledon’tdifferbetweenthetwo.Scienceistheproductionof_____8_____

newknowledgethatcanbeappliedornot,andtechnologyistheapplicationof

knowledgetotheproductionofsomeproducts,machineryorthelike.Thetwoare

reallydifferent,andpeoplewhohavethefacultyforoneveryseldomhavea

facultyfortheothers._____9_____

Scienceinitselfisharmless,moreorless.Butassoonasitcanprovidetechnology,

it’snotnecessarilyharmful.Nosocietyhasyetlearnedtoforecasttheconsequencesof_____10_____

newtechnology,whichcanbeenormous.

4.Whatisablackhole?

Well,itisdifficulttoanswerthequestion,

asthetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenon__1__

areadequatehere.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeis__2__

aregionofspacewhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcan__3__

escape—notevenlight.Butwecan’tseeablackhole.Ablackhole__4__

exertsastronggravitationalpullandyetithasnomatter.Itisonly

space—orthuswethink.Howcanthishappen?

__5__

Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreases

toaparticularpoint;they“collapse”andsometimesasupernovaoccurs.

Thecollapseofastarmayproducea“WhiteDwarf”ofa“neutronstar”—

astarwhichmatterissodensethatifcontinuallyshrinksbytheforceof__6___

itsowngravity.Butifthestarisverylarge,thisprocessofshrinkingmay

besointensethatablackholeresultsin.Imaginetheearthreducedtothe__7__

sizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassesandastronger__8__

gravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideasoftheforceofablackhole.__9__

Andnomatterneartheblackholeissuckedin.__10__

5.Thegreatwhalesareamongthemostfascinatingcreatureswhich__1__

haveeverlivedontheearth,andoneofthem,thebluewhale,isthe

largest.Peopleinancienttimesthoughtwhalesasfearsome__2__

monstersoftheoceandepths.Sotohuntawhale,whenone

occasionallyswamtowardshore,hewashighadventure.People__3__

foundtheadventurewasrewarding,too,fortheoilandmeatfrom

onewhalealonecouldheatandfeedavillageforawholewinter.

Whalesresemblehugefish.Theywerereferredbytheancientsas__4__

“greatfish,”andanywhalebeachingalongthecoastsofEngland

wasdesignated“theKing’sfish”becauseitautomaticallybelonged

totheCrown.

Eversincethoseearlytimes,humanhavefeltwhalesasenseof__5__

wondermixedwithanintensedesiretocapture,slaughter,and

exploit.Nowtheslaughterhasreachedalarmingproportions.__6__

Eventhoughsomespeciesareprotectedbytheregulationsof

theInternationalWhalingCommissionandtheoreticallyallwhale

huntingisregulated,buttheearth’sstockofwhalesisstillbeing__7__

depleted.Infact,somescientistsworrythat100yearssincenow__8__

theremaybenowhalesleft.Ifthishappens,mankindwill

beblameforremovingfromtheearthforeveraremarkableand__9__

awe-inspiringcreaturethatalwaysfedman’simaginationand__10__

madetheworldamoreexcitingplace.

6.Weuselanguageeveryday.Weliveinaworldofwords.Hardlyany

momentpasseswithsomeonetalking,writingorreading.Indeed,__1__

languagesismostessentialtomankind.Ourlivesincreasinglydepend

onfastandsuccessfuluseoflanguage.Strangelyenough,weknow__2__

moreaboutthingsaroundusthanonourselves.Forexample,language__3__

isspeciesspecific,thatis,itislanguagethatdiffershumanfrom__4__

animals.However,wedonotknowyethowexactlyweinquirelanguage__5__

andhowitispossibleforustoperceivethroughlanguage;norwe__6__

understandpreciselythecombinationsbetweenlanguageandthought,__7__

languageandlogic,orlanguageandculture;stillless,howandwhen

languagestarted.Onereasonforthisinadequateknowledgeoflanguage

isthatwe,likelanguageusers,taketoomanythingsforgranted.__8__

Languagecomestoeverynormalpersonsonaturallythatafew__9__

ofusstoptoquestionwhatlanguageis,muchlessdowefeelthe

necessitytostudyit.Languageisfarmorecomplexthanmostpeople

haveprobablyimaginedandthenecessitytostudyitisfargreaterthan

somepeoplemayhaveassured.Linguisticisabranchofsciencewhich__10__

takeslanguageasitsobjectofinvestigation.

7.Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittleas

tenyearsbefore,youcan’thelpbeingstruckedbythe__1__

appearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhairstylesand

make-uplookdate;theirskirtslookeithertoolongortoo__2__

short;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.

Thementakingpart,onotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.__3__

Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthat

theybelongtoanentiredifferentage.Thisillusioniscreated__4__

bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatminorityofmen__5__

havesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakeitchangetheir__6__

styleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyear,

afewerso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydown__7__

onthelawandwomenaroundtheworldruntoobey.The__8__

decreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.

Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortand__9__

waistswillbeheight;hipsareinandbuttonsareout.__10__

8.DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheight__1__

aftermorethanahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom.”__2__

Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylarge

familiesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbuttemporary__3__

reversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly

1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheir__4__

Europecounterparts.__5__

Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwhoformed__6__

familiesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthedivorcerateaftera__7__

postwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatof_