英美概况一东北师范大学考试及答案.docx

英美概况一东北师范大学考试及答案.docx

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英美概况一东北师范大学考试及答案

《英美概况

（一）》练习题一

一、

1.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingsentencesbyreferringtothetext.

1）TheliteraturecareerofBrontesistershascloserelationshipwithoneofthegeographicfeaturesinYorkshireCounty,wheretheywerebornandraised,whichis___moors____.

2）Theriver____Thames____inUKhasbeenanimportanttradeandtransportroutesinceprehistorictimes.

3）TheoverallclimateinEnglandiscalledtemperate___maritime_____.

4）TheAnglo-Saxonsspokealanguagethatwenowcall____OldEnglish__.

5）FollowingtheWarsoftheRoseswastheruleoftheHouseofthe__Tudor_______.

6）OnJuly7th,1937,Japanbegananall-outattackon___China__.

7）OnDecember7th,1941,Japan'splanesfromcarriersatseamadeaswiftandsuddenraidontheUnitedStates'navalbaseat____PearlHarbor____.

8）Britain,undertheleadershipof____WinstonChurchill___,defeatedGermany'sattempttodestroyitsairforceandairdefensesintheBattleofBritainandescapedinvasion.

9）MargaretThatchergainedherreputationas“the___iron_____lady”forhertightcontrolofBritain'smonetarypolicy.

10）TheBritishParliamentisoftenreferredtoas___thelegislative_____---thebodythatmakesorunmakeslaws.

11）TheChurchofEnglandtodayisall-inclusive,havingtheabilitytobebothProtestantand__Catholic______.

12）Buddhismwasoriginatedin__India____about500B.C.

13）Overseascommoditytradealoneaccountsforabout____onesixth_____ofthecountry'snationalincome.

14）TherearethreeacademicdegreesinBritain:

the___bachelor’sdegree____,Master'sdegreeandDoctor'sdegree.

15）Thebest-knownscientificachievementinthenineteenthcenturywasCharlesRobertDarwin'sdevelopmentofatheoryof___evolution.

2.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.

1）AmongthethreeregionsofUK,Scotlandisthelargestinsize.F

2）Forninety-sixyearsafterthenominalconquestbyJuliusCaesar,Britainwasleftinpeaceandfreedom.T

3）TheChartistsadvocatedviolence.F

4）TherewasnoadvertisingonanyBBCprogram,eithersoundortelevision.T

5）ItcanbesaidthattheThatcherEraisthelongestministryoflastcenturyinUK.T

6）ThelifeofParliamentinUKisfixedatfiveyears.T

7）AlotofpeopleinUKregularlyattendchurch.（三-9五-19）

8）TheBritisheconomywasthefirsttohavebeenfullyindustrialized.（四-19。

二-8三-18）T

9）TheBritishlaborforceisremarkablyhomogeneous.（二-7三-17）T

10）InUKallchildrenmust,bylaw,receiveafull-timeeducationfromtheageoffivetosixteen.T

11）TothesouthwestandacrosstheEnglishChannelisFrance.F

12）TheNormanConquestwasineffectaFrenchconquest.T

13）TheGreatCharterwasnotafeudaldocument.F

14）TheUnitedStateshadnotenteredtheFirstWorldWaruntil1917.T

15）TheQueenreignsbutshedoesnotrule.T

16）InBritain,"government"and"cabinet"meanthesamethings.F

17）ItcanbesaidthatmostpeopleintheUKareChristians.T

18）Sundaynewspapersarereadfortheirstoriesandotherfeaturesratherthantheirnewsitems.T

19）Whenyouareinvitedtodinnerinaperson'shomeinUK,youshouldarriveearly.F

20）AlmostallthenationalpapersarepublishedinLondon.T

3.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingterms.

1）BlackDeath

答：

BlackDeath:

BlackDeathisthedeadlyplague,whichkilledlargenumberofpeopleinAsiaandEuropeinthe14thcentury.ThishappenedinEnglandduringtheHundredYear’sWarandkilledmanypeople,eventheschoolscloseddownduringthetime.

2）Qur’an

答：

Qur’an:

Qur’anorKoranistheholyscriptureofIslam.ItclaimedtobeadirecttransmissionoftheworldofGodrevealedtoMohammed.ItsprovisionsaresaidtogovernallthetransactionsofMoslemdailylifeandlocallawaswellasMoslemworship.

4．Answerthefollowingquestions.

1）WhatarethetworesultsoftheEnclosureMovement?

答：

1）WhatarethetworesultsoftheEnclosureMovement?

AsaresultoftheEnclosureMovement,thousandsofhungrypeasantswiththeirfamilieswereforcedintocities,lookingforwork．Othersbecameagriculturelaborersworkingonlargeestates．Bothofthesetwogroupshadnothingtoofferinthemarketbuttheirlabor．ThetworesultsoftheEnclosureMovementaretheprimitiveaccumulationofcapitalandthecontinuationofthesupplyofcheaplaborthatpavedthewayforthedevelopmentofcapitalism．

2）Explaininyourownwordsthemainprinciplesof"Thatcherism".

答：

Explaininyourownwordsthemainprinciplesof"Thatcherism".

Mrs.ThatcherwasthefirstfemalePrimeMinisterinthenation'shistoryandgainedherreputationas"theironlady''forhertightcontrolofBritain'smonetarypolicy.Heremphasison"self-help"encouragedprivateenterprise,butherreductionofexpendituresforhealth,socialservicesandeducationmadeherextremelyunpopularwiththemasses.

Mrs.Thatcherexercisedtighteconomiccontrol,theprivatizationofindustryand"dismantling"ofthewelfarestate.PrivatizationofBritishGas,BritishTelecom,theWaterAuthorities,BritishAirwaysandtheelectricityindustryprovedagodsendtogovernmentrevenuesandalsocreatedanewclassofBritishshareholders.The1980s,despiteriotsinsomedeprivedareasandcontinuedIRAterroristattacks,wasadecadeofprosperity.

二、

1.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingsentencesbyreferringtothetext.

1）Thecityof__London_____isthecapitalofEnglandandtheUK.

2）Londonhasahistorythatspansnearly__2000_____years.

3）Londonismadeupoftwoancientcitiesthatarejoinedtogether.TheyaretheCityofLondonandtheCityof____Westminster____.

4）Bytheendofthe7thcenturyEnglandwasdividedintoanumberofkingdoms,consideredbyhistorianstohavebeensevenandthereforethe___Heptarchy______.

5）TheBritishslavetradersalsogotalotofmoneyintheir__triangle____trade．

6）ThebasicpointofthePeople’sCharteris____universalsuffrage____asMarxhaspointedout．

7）AfterthePacificWarbrokeout,thereweretwowararenasintheworld.Onewas___European____arena;theotherwasthePacificarena.

8）TheAlliesduringtheWorldWarIrefertocountriesincludingEngland,Franceand___Russia____.

9）Mrs.Thatchercontinuedherpoliciesoftighteconomiccontrol,the___privatization___ofindustryand"dismantling"ofthewelfarestate.

10）TheHouseof___Lords___istheoldestpartofParliament.Itevolvedfromacouncil.

11）AccordingtotheBritishlaw,theremustbethepresenceofthe___jury___inmostofthetrials.Itsjobisdecidingwhethertheaccusedpersonisguiltyorinnocentinthelightofevidence.

12）ThedoctrineofBuddhismisfoundintheBuddhist__scriptures_____.

13）Islamwasfoundedinthe____Arabian___Peninsulaintheearly7thcenturybyMohammed.（四-12）

14）Britain'smaincerealcropis__barley____.

15）The____open_____Universityisperhapsthecheapestandmostfar-reachingmethodyetfoundofspreadinghighereducation.

2.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.

1）AmongthethreeregionsofUK,Englandisthesmallestinsizeandpopulation.F

2）DuringtheRomanoccupation,theEnglishupperclasseswerenotRomanized.T

3）TheHundredYears’WarendedwithvictoryfortheEnglish.F

4）OnAugust6thand9th,1945,theUSdroppedtwoatombombsonthecitiesofHiroshimaandNagasaki,killingover200000Japanesepeople.T

5）Whentheprogramofnationalizationwascomplete,onlylittlepercentoftheBritisheconomystillremainedinprivatehandsF

6）ReligionisplayinganincreasinglymoreimportantroleinthesociallifeofBritain.F

7）TheBritishlaborforceisremarkablyhomogeneous.T

8）TheBritisheconomywasthefirsttohavebeenfullyindustrialized.T

9）Britishachievementsinscientificresearchhaveallbeenturnedintoproductiveforcessofarasmostoftheindustriesareconcerned.F

10）TheBBCisanindependentpubliccorporation.T

11）Historically,mostpeopleinBritainhavelivedinthelowlandzoneratherthanintheharsherhighlandzone.T

12）JoanofArcwasaneighteen-year-oldgirlinFrancewhogatheredanarmyaroundhertofightagainsttheEnglishduringtheHundredYears’War．T

13）TheWarsoftheRosesgotsuchanamebecausetheywereaseriesofwarfightingovertheownershipofroses.F

14）TheSecondWorldWarwasnotananti-fascistwar.F

15）ReebokisoneofBritain'soldestshoecompanies.T

16）ThereisnocivilcodeorcriminalcodesofarastheBritishlawisconcerned.T

17）JesushadplacedtheJewishideaoftheKingdomofGodatthecenterofhisteaching,butgavetheideaanewspiritualuniversalmeaning.T

18）TheBritishlaborforceisremarkablyhomogeneous.T

19）Darwin’stheoryofevolutionwaswellreceivedbypeopleofhistime.F

20）TheBBCisanindependentpubliccorporation.T

3.Explainthefollowingterms.

1）JuliusCaesar

答：

JuliusCaesar:

JuliusCaesarwasaRomanstatesman,generalandhistorian.HesupportedthepopularpartyandformedwithPompeyandCrassustheFirstTriumvirate.HeconqueredGaulin58-50B.C.heinvadedBritainin55B.Cand54B.C.CaesardefeatedPompey’sarmyandwasmadedictatorforlifein44B.C.HetookliberalandmoderatemeasuresbuthadexcessivepowersandregalhonorswhichledtohisassassinationbyBrutusandCassiusintheSenatein44B.C.

2）theCrown

答：

theCrown:

TheCrownisthesupremepowerorrulerinamonarchy,whichmeanseitherthekingorthequeen.TheothertermsofthesamemeaningaretheMonarchandtheSovereign.

4．Answerthefollowingquestions.

1）“Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion”.Pleaseexplainthispoint.

答：

“Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion”.Pleaseexplainthispoint.

Britishhistoryhasbeenahistory