浙江省慈溪市学年高二下期末考试英语试题.docx
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浙江省慈溪市学年高二下期末考试英语试题
2019学年第二学期慈溪市高二期末测试
英语试卷
注意事项：
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）；全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必把自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3.答第Ⅰ卷时，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑、涂满；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
4.答第Ⅱ卷时，用黑色墨水钢笔在答题卡规定区域内作答；答在本试卷上或超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：
听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Whatwillthewomanprobablydofirst?
A.HavedinnerB.GoshoppingC.Sendemails
2.Whywasthewomansolate?
A.Somethingwentwrongwiththebus.
B.Hercarbrokedownontheway.
C.Shemissedthebus.
3.Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?
A.Playingfootball.B.Talkingaboutaplayer.C.Watchingafootballmatch.
4.Whatdidthemandolastnight?
A.Heattendedschool.
B.Hetalkedwithhisfriend.
C.HesawafilmonTV.
5.Whatdoesthemanmean?
A.Thewomanshouldn’tbuythatsuit.
B.Thewomanneedsmoremoney.
C.Thewomanshouldusemoneymorecarefully.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Whydidthemancallthepolicemanforhelp?
A.Becausethemanlosthiswayhome.
B.Becausethemancouldn’tgetintouchwithhisfamily.
C.Becausethemanwastiredandunwillingtowalkhome.
7.Whoisthewoman?
A.Theman’swife.B.Theman’sdaughter.C.Theman’sgranddaughter.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?
A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Strangers.
9.WhydoesthekidfromBrazilfindithardtocommunicate?
A.Becauseheisveryshy.
B.BecausehespeakslittleEnglish.
C.Becauseheisnotwelcomed.
10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherspecialattention?
A.Worthwhile.B.Useless.C.Easy.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
A.Aholiday.B.Amountain.C.Aperson.
12.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?
A.Hefeltverytired.B.Hestoppedhalfway.C.Hemetmanyfamouspeople.
13.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?
A.Shedoesn’tlikeclimbingmountains.
B.Shewantstovisitthemountain,too.
C.Shehasbeentothemountainbefore.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?
A.Thetown.B.Thehospital.C.Thegovernmentoffice.
15.Whatisthemandoingnow?
A.Seeingadoctor.B.Doingbusiness.C.Enjoyinghisholiday.
16.Whydoesthemanwanttovisitthecountryside?
A.Becauseheworksinthecountryside.
B.Becausehemisseslifeinthecountryside.
C.Becausehehasneverbeentothecountryside.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.Whendidthespeakerbuyhisticket?
A.LastMonday.B.Thirteendaysago.C.Thirtydaysago.
18.Howdidthespeakergototheairport?
A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bytrain.
19.Howdidthespeakerfeelatfirstontheplane?
A.Calm.B.Happy.C.Frightened.
20.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Hehadneverbeeninaplanebefore.
B.Heisofteninaplane..
C.Hehadbeeninaplaneonlytwice.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ifyouwalkthroughapark,youmayenjoythescents（气味）offlowers,waterandsoil.Ifyouareespeciallylucky,youwillgettosmellfresh-cutgrass.It’sabelovedscentthattransportsmanypeoplebacktotheirchildhood.Butthere’sadarksidetothatsmell.Indeed,weareinlovewiththescentoffear.
Plantshavemanydifferentchemicaldefenses.Thatsmellisoneofthem,asthegrassrespondstoanattack,signaling（向……示意）tothesurroundinggrassthatdangeriscoming.Thefresh,“green”scentofajust-mowedlawnisthelawntryingtosaveitself,saysastoryatsciencewebsiteReal-ClearScience.
Thesmellisproducedbyamixofchemicalscalledgreenleafvolatiles（GLVs,绿叶挥发物）.Whentheleafyplantsareinjured—byanimalseatingthem,peoplecuttingthem,oranyotherroughtreatment—theygiveoffGLVsintotheair.TheseGLVsareawarningtoneighbouringplantsthattheirflowersmightberemoved,sotheycanmoveresourceslikesugartowardtheirrootsandawayfromtheirflowers.Thisreducesaplant’spotentiallossesandcanhelpitgrowbacklater.
TherushofGLVsdoesafewotherthings,too.Onechemicalhelpstoclosethewoundonthedamagedplant.Othersactasantibiotics（抗生素）andpreventbacterialinfections.
SomeGLVsmayalsoreactwithanimalsthateatplants.SilkeAll-mannandIanT.Baldwin,researchersfromtheUniversityofAmsterdam,Netherlands,foundthatsomecaterpillars（毛虫）arechangedbytheGLVcompounds（化合物）whentheyeatatobaccoplant.Tobaccomakesthecaterpillarsmoreattractivetopredators（捕食者）.Forthetobaccoplants,thisislikehavinganolderbrothercometobeatupyourbully（欺凌者）.
Thankfully,nothingiscomingtoeatyouwhenyoumowthelawn.Instead,wehumangettreatedtosomegreat-smellingGLVs.Oneisacompoundknownas“cis-3-hexenal”.Thisisthesamechemicalthatgivesstrawberriestheirsweetscent.Similarcompoundsarealsofoundinapplesandolives.
“JustaboutallfreshvegetableshavesomeGLVscentstothem,”BaldwintoldLiveScience,andfruitsmayreleasethecompoundsastheysoften.“Throughoutevolutionaryhistory,we’veusedthatinformationtoknowwhensomethingisripe,”Baldwinsaid.Nowwecanuseittoknowwhengrassisfrightened.
21.WhatdoweknowaboutGLVs?
A.Theyareharmfultohumans.
B.Theyareuniquetofloweringplants.
C.Theytendtostayintheairforalongtime.
D.Theyarereleasedwhenplantsgethurt.
22.HowmayplantsreacttotheGLVsproducedbyneighbouringplants?
A.Theygrowmorequickly.
B.Theyproducemoreflowers.
C.Theyabsorbmorewater.
D.Theytransportresourcestotheirroots.
23.Inparagraph5,theunderlinedpart“anolderbrother”refersto_________.
A.akindofantibiotic.B.apredator.
C.acaterpillar.D.atobaccoplant.
24.AccordingtoBaldwin,GLVscan_________.
A.telluswhetherfruitsarereadytoeat.
B.protectplantsfrompests.
C.helpfruitsgrowmorequickly.
D.helppeoplechoosedeliciousfruits.
B
Youknowtheoldphrase,“Practicemakesperfect.”Thatmaynotalwaysbetrue.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedinRoyalSocietyOpenScience,thereareotherfactorsforreachingelite（最优秀的）levelsofability.
Theresearcherssetouttoreplicate（复制）theprocessofanew-famous1993studyoftop-levelviolinistsandpianists.Onaverage,theearlierstudyfoundthattop-rankedmusicianshadclockedover10,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20.Itputtheirsuccessdowntothehoursspentpracticing,downplayingtheimportanceofnatural,learningskillsandotherfactors.
AuthorMalcolmGladwelllaterreliedonthisstudyforhis2008book,Outliers.Hecalled10,000hours“themagicnumberofgreatness”.
Questioningthisconclusion,BrookeMacnamaraandMeghaMaitra,fromCaseWesternReserveUniversityinOhio,US,soughtvolunteerstoputthe10,000-hourruletothetest.
Thepairorganizedviolinistsintothreegroups,basedonwhethertheirtutorsratedthemasthebestplayers,goodplayers,oraverageplayers.Theywerethentoldtorecordhowlongtheypracticedeveryweek.
Theyfoundthatthe“average”playershadaround6,000hoursofpractice.However,therewaslittleseparatingthegoodfromthebestmusicians.Bothgroupshadapproximately1,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20.Inall,thenumberofhoursspentpracticingaccountedforaboutaquarteroftheskilldifferenceacrossthethreegroups.
“Onceyougettothehighlyskilledgroups,practicestopsaccountingforthedifference,”MannamaratoldtheGuardian.“Smallerfactorsthendeterminewhogoesontothatsuperelitelevel.”
“Thefactorsdependontheskillbeinglearned:
inchessitcouldbeintelligenceorworkingmemory,insportitmaybehowefficientlyapersonuseoxygen,”shesaid.Shealsopointedoutthefactorofmotivationandtheinteractionsofdifferentfactors.
RalfKrampe,aco-authorofthe1993study,disagrees,sayingthequalityofpracticeandteachingdoesmatter.“...Istillconsiderdeliberate（刻意的）practicetobebyfarthemostimportantfactor,”hetoldtheGuardian.
Itshouldbesaidthatneithersidediscountsthevalueofmakinganeffort.Evenifyouaren’tdestined（命中注定）tobetheworld’sgreatestviolinist,practicewillmakeyoualittlebitbetterthanyouwereyesterday.
25.Whatcanwelearnfromthe1993study?
A.The10.000-hourruleappliestoeverything.
B.Naturaltalentisparticularlyimportantformusicians.
C.Practiceisthekeytomasteringaskill.
D.It’sbettertolearnaninstrumentatayoungage.
26.WhatdidthestudybyMacnamaraandMaitrafind?
A.Thethreegroupsofviolinistsvariedalotintheirpracticetimes.
B.Themasteringofdifferentskillsrequireddifferenthoursofpractice.
C.Motivationandtalentdeterminedwhetheronecouldbecomeaneliteviolinist.
D.Practicetimedidn’tmakemuchdifferencebetween“thebest”and“good”violinists.
27.Theunderlinedword“discount”probablymeans_________.
A.proveB.ignoreC.recognizeD.consider
C
Livinggratefullyhasahugetransformingpower,notjustwhensomethingwonderfulorspecialhappens,buteverydaynomatterwhatishappening.
I’verecentlybeeninvolvedwithtwopeoplewhoseliveswerechallengedbybadluck.Ihaveseenhowgratefullivinghadthepowertokeeponeofthemgoingandhowit’sbeginningtolifttheother.Onewasafriendandtheotherismysister.
Myfriendseemedtobeingoodhealthwhenshereceivedadeadlydiagnosis（诊断）:
adiseasewithnoeffectivetreatment.Shehadalltheemotionsthatatragedy（悲剧）brings,butshealsohadapowerfulresponsetodespairthatgaveher“thehappinessthatdoesn’tdependonwhathappens.”Shewroteonlinedaily,honestlysharingthedet
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