《了不起的盖茨比》.docx

《了不起的盖茨比》.docx

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《了不起的盖茨比》

本科生毕业设计（论文）

题目：

AContrastiveAnalysisoftheGreatnessofGatsbyandtheMeannessofHisFoilsinTheGreatGatsby

教学单位外国语学院___________

姓名_朱兴春________

学号_200730701142___________

年级2007级________

专业英语_______

指导教师文培红__________________

职称_副教授_________________

2011年5月14日

Abstract:

ThescholarshavealreadydonesomeresearchesonthebookTheGreatGatsbywhichwaswrittenbyF.ScottFitzgerald,suchasthewritingstylesoftheauthorinthebook,symbolismandmetaphor,thefailureofthe“Americandream”,theanalysisoftheprotagonist—Gatsby—therepresentativeofheroandDaisy’sandotherwomen’sselfishandmentalemptiness.Onthebasisofthese,itrevealedthefailureofthe“AmericanDream”peoplehadinthattimeswhentheypaidmoreattentiontothematerialistichedonismbutspiritualvoidbyanalyzingthecharacterssuchasGatsby,DaisyandTom.Therefore,Gatsby’s“AmericanDream”—Daisy—wasdoomedtofailure.However,hewasgreatbecausehespearednoeffortstomakehisdreamcometrue.

摘要：

学者们已经对《了不起的盖茨比》中作者的写作手法——象征及比喻、“美国梦”在现实中的幻灭、盖茨比的人物分析——英雄主义的代表、以及故事中黛西等女性角色空虚自私的生活等分析与评论。

因此，在这基础上，通过对盖茨比与黛西、汤姆为代表的上层人物进行逐个分析，从反面揭示出以黛西、汤姆为代表的重商主义者在美国现实社会下对物质的追求与享乐但精神空虚如同行尸走肉般的人们注定了像盖茨比一类人的“美国梦”的破灭。

因此，盖茨比的“美国梦”——黛西——注定是失败的，但是他为了实现自己的梦想不断奋斗的精神是了不起的。

KeyWord:

greatnessGatsbymeannessofthefoilsAmericanDream

关键词：

了不起盖茨比大众的粗恶美国梦

Contents

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………….I

1Introduction………………………………………………………………….......1

2Theauthor’sexperiencesandthesocialbackground………………………......1

2.1Theauthor’sexperiences………………………………………………...1

2.2Thesocialbackground…………………………………………………...3

3TheanalysisofGatsby’sgreatness……………………………………………...4

3.1.Gatsby’scourageandpersistence……………………………………….4

3.2Gatsby’skindnessandgenerosity………………………………………..6

3.3Gatsby’ssacrifice,filialpietyandself-discipline…….……….……....6

4TheanalysisofDaisy’sandTom’smeanness…………………………………..7

4.1TheanalysisofDaisy……………………………………………………..7

4.1.1Daisy’sbeautyandherattractivevoice…………………………....7

4.1.2Daisy’sapathy,indifferent,andselfish…………………………….7

4.1.3Daisy’sdesireformaterialandmoney,andheremptyspirit………8

4.2TheanalysisofTom……………………………………………………...8

4.2.1Tom’scrueltyandcrudity…………………………………………..8

4.2.2Tom’sselfishnessandhisawarenessofhisstatusandpossessions..9

5Thedescriptionofthefollies…………………………………………………..9

6Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..10

References………………………………………………………………………12

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………..13

1Introduction

TheGreatGatsbyiswrittenbyAmericanauthorFrancisScottFitzgerald,whoisconsideredamemberofthe“lostgeneration”of1920s.Itwasfirstpublishedin1925.Thefollowingisthemainplotofthenovel.AyoungmannamedNickCaraway,whocametoNewYorkCityinspringof1922.HebecameinvolvedinthelifeofhisneighborattheLongIsland,JayGatsby,averyrichman,whoentertainedhundreds,eventhousandsofguestswhodidnotknoweachotherandGatsbyathisparty.GatsbyrevealedtoNick,thathefellinlovewithNick’scousinDaisybeforethewar.However,hewaspooratthattime.Therefore,DaisymarriedTomBuchanan,arichbutboringmanofhighsocialposition.WhenGatsbycamebackafterthewarhefoundDaisywasmarriedbecausehehadnomoneybuthestilllovedher.SohewantedtoregainDaisybyearningmoneyasabootlegger.Afterhewasrich,hepersuadedNicktobringhimandDaisytogetheragain.GatsbytriedhisbesttoconvinceDaisytoleaveTomandlivewithhim.Unfortunately,inreturn,TomrevealedthatGatsbyhadmadehismoneyfrombootlegging.SotheyaskedDaisywhomshelovedandwhoshewantedtolivewith.Daisyhadnoideaandbegantosobhelplessly.Soshewantedtoescapefromthissituation.DrivingGatsby’sbluecar,shehitandkilledTom’smistress,MyrtleWilson,andshewassocrazythatshedidnotknowwhatshecoulddo.Gatsbyremainedsilentinordertoprotecther.ButTomtoldMyrtle’shusbandWilsonthatitwasGatsbywhokilledhiswife.WilsonmurderedGatsbyandthencommittedsuicide.TomandDaisyleftLongIslandintheafternoonwhenGatsbywaskilledanddidcallneitherNicknorGatsby.NickwaslefttoarrangeGatsby’sfuneral,attendedonlybyGatsby’sfatherandoneformerguest.TheGreatGatsbywasthereflectionofthetimeswhichFitzgeraldcalled“theJazzAge”andrecordedthelifepeoplelivedinthattime.

2Thebriefintroductionoftheauthorandthesocialbackground

FrancisScottFitzgeraldlivedintheperiodthatwasbetweentheWWIandtheroaringtwenties.Hehadhisowntraditionalvaluewhichwascontradictedtothemainvalueinthoseyears.Sohehaddoubleandcontradictorypersonality.

2.1Theintroductiontotheauthor

FrancisScottFitzgeraldwasbornonSeptember24,1896,andnamedafterhisancestorFrancisScottKey,theauthorof“TheStar-SpangledBanner”.FitzgeraldwasraisedinSt.Paul,Minnesota.Thoughanintelligentchild,hedidpoorlyinschoolandwassenttoaNewJerseyboardingschoolin1911.Despitebeingamediocrestudentthere,hemanagedtoenrollatPrincetonin1913.Academictroublesandapathyplaguedhimthroughouthistimeatcollege,andhenevergraduated,insteadofbeingenlistedinthearmyin1917,asWorldWarIcametotheend.Fitzgeraldbecameasecondlieutenant,andwasstationedatCampSheridan,inMontgomery,Alabama.Therehemetandfellinlovewithawildseventeen-year-oldbeautynamedZeldaSayre.Zeldafinallyagreedtomarryhim,butheroverpoweringdesireforwealth,fun,andleisureledhertodelaytheirweddinguntilhecouldproveasuccess.WiththepublicationofThisSideofParadisein1920,Fitzgeraldbecamealiterarysensation,earningenoughmoneyandfametoconvinceZeldatomarryhim.ManyoftheseeventsfromFitzgerald’searlylifeappearedinhismostfamousnovel,TheGreatGatsby,publishedin1925.LikeFitzgerald,NickCarrawaywasathoughtfulyoungmanfromMinnesota,educatedatanIvyLeagueschool（inNick’scase,Yale）,whomovedtoNewYorkafterthewar.AlsosimilartoFitzgeraldwasJayGatsby,asensitiveyoungmanwhoidolizedwealthandluxuryandwhofellinlovewithabeautifulyoungwomanwhilestationedatamilitarycampintheSouth.Havingbecomeacelebrity,Fitzgeraldfellintoawild,recklesslife-styleofpartiesanddecadence,whiledesperatelytryingtopleaseZeldabywritingtoearnmoney.Similarly,Gatsbyamassedagreatdealofwealthatarelativelyyoungage,anddevotedhimselftoacquiringpossessionsandthrowingpartiesthathebelieveditwouldenablehimtowinDaisy’slove.AsthegiddinessoftheRoaringTwentiesdissolvedintothebleaknessoftheGreatDepression,however,ZeldasufferedanervousbreakdownandFitzgeraldbattledalcoholism,whichhamperedhiswriting.HepublishedTenderIstheNightin1934,andsoldshortstoriestoTheSaturdayEveningPosttosupporthislavishlifestyle.In1937,heleftforHollywoodtowritescreenplays,andin1940,whileworkingonhisnovelTheLoveoftheLastTycoon,hediedofaheartattackattheageofforty-four.Fitzgeraldwasthemostfamouschroniclerof1920sAmerica,anerathathedubbed“theJazzAge.”Writtenin1925,TheGreatGatsbywasoneofthegreatestliterarydocumentsofthisperiod,inwhichtheAmericaneconomysoared,bringingunprecedentedlevelsofprosperitytothenation.Prohibition,thebanonthesaleandconsumptionofalcoholmandatedbythe“EighteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution”（1919）,mademillionairesoutofbootleggers,andanundergroundcultureofrevelrysprangup.Sprawlingprivatepartiesmanagedtoeludepolicenotice,and“speakeasies”—secretclubsthatsoldliquor—thrived.ThechaosandviolenceofWorldWarIleftAmericainastateofshock,andthegenerationthatfoughtthewarturnedtowildandextravagantlivingtocompensate.Thestaidconservatismandtimewornvaluesofthepreviousdecadewereturnedontheirear,asmoney,opulence,andexuberancebecametheorderoftheday.LikeNickinTheGreatGatsby,Fitzgeraldfoundthisnewlifestyleseductiveandexciting,and,likeGatsby,hehadalwaysidolizedtheveryrich.Nowhefoundhimselfinanerainwhichunrestrainedmaterialismsetthetoneofsociety,particularlyinthelargecitiesoftheEast.Evenso,likeNick,FitzgeraldsawthroughtheglitteroftheJazzAgetothemoralemptinessandhypocrisybeneath,andpartofhimlongedforthisabsentmoralcenter.Inmanyways,TheGreatGatsbyrepresentedFitzgerald’sattempttoconfronthisconflictingfeelingsabouttheJazzAge.LikeGatsby,Fitzgeraldwasdrivenbyhisloveforawomanwhosymbolizedeverythinghewanted,evenassheledhimtowardeverythinghedespised.

Fitzgerald’snovelsandstoriesreflectedvividlytheshattered“AmericanDream”andshowedthementaloutlookofthehighsocialstatusmen’sinthe“wasteera”duringtheGreatDepression.Henotonlyhadthesuccessfulandprosperouslifeexperiences,butalsohadthebitterandfrustratedsuffering.Sohewascalled“theauthorityofthefailure”.Hislifewasintertwinedwithambitionandreality,successandfailure,proudanddown,torevelinanddecadent,loveandsuffer,theconflictbetweentheAmericancultureandEuropeculture,betweentheeastandwest,betweenthedreamsanddisillusionment,etc..Withallthesefeelingsinhisheart,helosehisvalueanddirection.Sohewasalsooneoftherepresentativesof“TheLostGeneration”.

2.2ThesocialbackgroundbetweentheWWIandthe“RoaringTwenties”

TheWWIwasendedin1919andAmericawasundoubtfullythewinner.SinceAmericaaffordedthemunitionstothebothsidesofthecountriesatthebeginningoft