高考英语新素养大二轮专题突破江苏版 讲义 专题三 阅读理解 第四节 一.docx

高考英语新素养大二轮专题突破江苏版 讲义 专题三 阅读理解 第四节 一.docx

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高考英语新素养大二轮专题突破江苏版讲义专题三阅读理解第四节一

第四节　主旨大意题

一、标题归纳题

（2019·江苏，D）

The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer’s（阿尔兹海默症）.Hewaslosinghismemory.

Asoftwareengineerbyprofession，Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano，andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion，thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.

Melissa，hisdaughter，feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic，towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.

Naomi，Melissa’sbestfriendandatalentedpianist，gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.

“Whydothis？

”Stevewondered.

“Becauseshecares，”Melissasaid.

Stevenodded，tearineye.

NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshe’dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench，handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.

Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano.Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses，heartsinking.ButStevepressedon，playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.

“Itwasbeautiful，”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.”

Herresponsibility，herprivilege，wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwasstillinSteveGoodwin.Itwashiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked.

NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano，andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano，eyesclosed，listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.

SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode：

lines，beats，intervals，movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn’tplayit.

WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday，Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording，arecordingoflossandlove，ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower”.

Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts.Stevestruggling，searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard，andSteve，angryandupset，saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim，tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.

Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite，andmostpersonal，songs.WithNaomi’shelp，theGoodwinfamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve’ssongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.

Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2016OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert，Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind：

“MelancholyFlower”.

ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskSteve’spermission.Heconsidereditanhonor.

Aftertheconcert，NaomitoldthefamilythatSteve’smusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpublic.

ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow，morethan300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend.

Bythen，Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.

Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow，surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart.

语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了一位父亲因为患阿尔兹海默症而逐渐失去记忆，女儿珍视父亲为她在儿时演奏过的那些陪她入睡的音乐，为了让这温暖的“独家音乐”不失传，她请懂音乐的朋友把父亲的音乐录制下来。

65.WhydidMelissawanttosaveherfather’smusic?

A.Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.

B.Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.

C.Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedinthefamily.

D.Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段内容可知，父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者，是家里唯一一位音乐家，再根据第三段中的“Melissa，hisdaughter，feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic，towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.”可知，父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长，因此Melissa觉得它对于这个家庭有着特别的意义，值得被保存，故本题答案为C。

66.AfterhearingSteve’splaying，Naomi.

A.refusedtomakeacommentonit

B.wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusic

C.decidedtofreeStevefromsuffering

D.regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第十段“‘Itwasbeautiful，’Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.‘Themusicwasworthsaving.’”可知，听完Steve的演奏之后，Naomi对他的音乐很是赞赏，故本题答案为B。

67.HowcantheprocessofSteve’srecordingbedescribed?

A.Itwasslowbutproductive.

B.Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.

C.ItwastiresomeforNaomi.

D.ItwasvitalforNaomi’scareer.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据第十二段“NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano，andthenshe’dtakehisplace.”及第十四段“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong...”可知，音乐的录制过程虽然缓慢，但是颇有成效，故本题答案为A。

68.BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower”，hiswifeJoni.

A.thoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhausted

B.didn’texpectthedamagethediseasebroughtabout

C.didn’tfullyrealizethevalueofherhusband’smusic

D.broughtherhusband’smusiccareertoperfection

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据倒数第七段最后两句“Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.”以及下文中提到“Steve的音乐在音乐会上被演奏并得到认可及其对Steve的影响”可知，Joni之前并没有充分意识到Steve的音乐的价值。

故本题答案为C。

69.HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland?

A.Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness.

B.Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic.

C.Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.

D.Hegotintoastateofquiet.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章最后两段的内容尤其是倒数第二段中的“Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.”可知，在音乐会上，他的心情很平静。

故本题答案为D。

70.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheKindnessofFriendsB.ThePowerofMusic

C.TheMakingofaMusicianD.TheValueofDetermination

答案　B

解析　标题归纳题。

通读全文，尤其是倒数第九段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.”可知，音乐录制给父亲带来了巨大的改变，甚至激发了他创作歌曲的信念。

由此可知，“音乐的力量”最适合作本文标题。

一、题型解读

记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。

一个好的标题应具备三大特点：

概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。

设问形式常有：

（1）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

（2）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?

（3）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

（4）Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.

二、解题技巧

1.“高度概括”定标题

（1）所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。

标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。

为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。

（2）一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。

2.文章标题三特点

（1）一般为单词、短语或句子形式，短语居多；

（2）短小精悍，精确性强；

（3）涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。

例如：

【真题感悟】中第70题，通读全文，尤其是倒数第九段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.”可知，音乐录制给父亲带来了巨大的改变，甚至激发了他创作歌曲的信念。

由此可知，“音乐的力量”最适合作本文标题。

A

Laughterispartofthe1universalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili，wedon’thavetolearntospeakit.We’rebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.

Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom，mostlaughterisnotabouthumor；itisaboutrelationships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10-yearperiod，westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter.

Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements，suchas，“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？

”or“Doyouhavearubberband？

”Thesecertainlyaren’tjokes.

Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting（喘气的）behaviorofourancientancestors.Today，ifwetickle（使发痒）chimps，theydon’tlaugh.But，instead，theyproduceapantingsound.That’sthesoundofapelaughter，andit’stherootofhumanlaughter.

Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter，likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay，buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats，forexample，producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled，buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.

Laughterisoftenpositive，butitcanbenegativetoo.There’sadifferencebetween“laughingwith”and“laughingat”.Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.

Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh，butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.

Worknow2underwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter，howithasevolved，andwhywe’resosusceptibletotickling.

语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。

笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言。

本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。

1.Whatwasthepurposeofthedecade’sresearch?

A.Toprovethatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumor.

B.Tofindouttherealreasonforpeople’slaughter.

C.Toresearchpeople’sdifferentreactiononjokes.

D.Torecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

由题干中的“thedecade’sresearch”可定位至文章第二段最后两句，由该段倒数第二句“Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh...”可知，这十年的研究是为了弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。

故B项正确。

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.

B.Apesproducehighsoundswhentickled.

C.Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.

D.Thesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据文章倒数第二段中的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.”可知，玩得越多的人笑得越多。

A项正确。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Sensitive.B.Flexible.

C.Addictive.D.Reliable.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。

联系上下文可知susceptible（易受影响的，敏感的）与sensitive的意思最为接近。

故选A。

4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheImpactofLaughter

B.TheMeaningofLaughter

C.ABigMystery：

WhyDoWeLaugh?

D.Laughter：

TheMostBeautifulWord

答案　C

解析　标题归纳题。

笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。

故C项为最佳标题。

B

Mostpeoplewhoownmo