外文翻译公路和机场路面设计.docx

外文翻译公路和机场路面设计.docx

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外文翻译公路和机场路面设计

中文2942字

本科生毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译

翻译资料名称（外文）：

HighwayandAirportPavementDesign

翻译资料名称（中文）：

公路和机场路面设计

学院：

建筑工程学院系土木工程

专业：

土木工程（道桥）

班级：

学号：

姓名：

指导教师：

完成日期：

2012年02月20日

HighwayandAirportPavementDesign（Excerpt）

T.F.Fwa

NationalUniversityofSingapore

1.Introduction

Pavementsaredesignedandconstructedtoprovidedurableall-weathertravelingsurfacesforsafeandspeedymovementofpeopleandgoodswithanacceptablelevelofcomforttousers.Thesefunctionalrequirementsofpavementsareachievedthroughcarefulconsiderationsinthefollowingaspectsduringthedesignandconstructionphases:

（a）selectionofpavementtype,（b）selectionofmaterialstobeusedforvariouspavementlayersandtreatmentofsubgradesoils,（c）structuralthicknessdesignforpavementlayers,（d）subsurfacedrainagedesignforthepavementsystem,（e）surfacedrainageandgeometricdesign,and（f）ridabilityofpavementsurface.

Thetwomajorconsiderationsinthestructuraldesignofhighwayandairportpavementsarematerialdesignandthicknessdesign.Materialdesigndealswiththeselectionofsuitablematerialsforvariouspavementlayersandmixdesignofbituminousmaterials（forflexiblepavement）orportlandcementconcrete（forrigidandinterlockingblockpavements）.Thesetopicsarediscussedinotherchaptersofthishandbook.Thischapterpresentstheconceptsandmethodsofpavementthicknessdesign.Asthenameimplies,thicknessdesignreferstotheprocedureofdeterminingtherequiredthicknessforeachpavementlayertoprovideastructurallysoundpavementstructurewithsatisfactoryperformanceforthedesigntrafficovertheselecteddesignlife.Drainagedesignexaminestheentirepavementstructurewithrespecttoitsdrainagerequirementsandincorporatesfacilitiestosatisfythoserequirements.

2．PavementTypesandMaterials

2.1FlexibleversusRigidPavement

Traditionally,pavementsareclassifiedintotwocategories,namelyflexibleandrigidpavements.Thebasisforclassificationisthewaybywhichtrafficloadsaretransmittedtothesubgradesoilthroughthepavementstructure.AsshowninFig.2.1,aflexiblepavementprovidessufficientthicknessforloaddistributionthroughamultilayerstructuresothatthestressesandstrainsinthesubgradesoillayersarewithintherequiredlimits.Itisexpectedthatthestrengthofsubgradesoilwouldhaveadirectbearingonthetotalthicknessoftheflexiblepavement.Thelayeredpavementstructureisdesignedtotakeadvantageofthedecreasingmagnitudeofstresseswithdepth.

Arigidpavement,byvirtueofitsrigidity,isabletoeffectaslabactiontospreadthewheelloadovertheentireslabarea,asillustratedinFig.2.1.Thestructuralcapacityoftherigidpavementislargelyprovidedbytheslabitself.Forthecommonrangeofsubgradesoilstrength,therequiredrigidityforaportlandcementconcreteslab（themostcommonformofrigidpavementconstruction）canbeachievedwithoutmuchvariationinslabthickness.Theeffectofsubgradesoilpropertiesonthethicknessofrigidpavementisthereforemuchlessimportantthaninthecaseofflexiblepavement.

FIGURE2.1Flexibleandrigidpavements.

2.2LayeredStructureofFlexiblePavement

2.2.1SurfaceCourse

Inatypicalconventionalflexiblepavement,knownasasphaltpavement,thesurfacecourseusuallyconsistsoftwobituminouslayers—awearingcourseandabindercourse.Toprovideadurable,watertight,smooth-riding,andskid-resistanttraveledsurface,thewearingcourseisoftenconstructedofdense-gradedhotmixasphaltwithpolish-resistantaggregate.Thebindercoursegenerallyhaslargeraggregatesandlessasphalt.Thecompositionofthebituminousmixturesandthenominaltopsizeaggregatesforthetwocoursesaredeterminedbytheintendeduse,desiredsurfacetexture（forthecaseofwearingcourse）,andlayerthickness.Alightapplicationoftackcoatofwater-dilutedasphaltemulsionmaybeusedtoenhancebondingbetweenthetwocourses.Table2.1showsselectedmixcompositionslistedinASTMStandardSpecificationD3515[1992].Open-gradedwearingcourses,somewithairvoidexceeding20%,havealsobeenusedtoimproveskidresistanceandreducesplashduringheavyrainfallbyactingasasurfacedrainagelayer.

2.2.2BaseCourse

Baseandsubbaselayersoftheflexiblepavementmakeupalargeproportionofthetotalpavementthicknessneededtodistributethestressesimposedbytrafficloading.Usuallybasecoursealsoservesasadrainagelayerandprovidesprotectionagainstfrostaction.Crushedstoneisthetraditionalmaterialusedforbaseconstructiontoformwhatiscommonlyknownasthemacadambasecourse.Inthisconstruction,chokingmaterialsconsistingofnaturalsandorthefineproductresultingfromcrushingcoarseaggregatesareaddedtopro