The Cultural Factors in Translation Between Chinese and English.docx

The Cultural Factors in Translation Between Chinese and English.docx

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TheCulturalFactorsinTranslationBetweenChineseandEnglish

英汉互译中的文化因素

TheCulturalFactorsinTranslationBetweenChineseandEnglish

Contents

Abstract：

……………………………….………………………………….1

Keywords:

………………………….…………………………………….1

IIntroduction…………………………………………………………….1

IIWhatisCulture?

....................................………........................................2

IIIWhatistheContentofCulture?

.....................…………............................3

IVHistoricalCulture……………………………………...……………….4

VRegionalCulture……………………………………….………………5

VIValues…………………………………………………….…………….5

6.1AppellationandRelatives………………………………………….……………6

6.2Religion…………………………………………………………..……….…….6

6.3WaysofThinkingandWriting…………………………………….….…………6

VIICustoms………………………………………………………..………8

7.1Food……………………………………………………………………..………8

7.2Colors………………………………………………………………..………….8

7.3Addressing…………………………………………………………..………….9

7.4Family………………………………………………………………..…………9

VIIITheFactorsThatcanbeTranslatedandThoseThatcan’tbe　Translated………………………………………………………….9

IXTranslationStrategies………………………………………….………...10

9.1Substitution……………………………………………………………………10

9.2Adaptation……………………………………………………….………………11

9.3Footnotes……………………………………………………….……………….12

XConclusion………………………………………………..….…………..12

References…………………………………………………..…….………..13

TheCulturalFactorsinTranslation

BetweenChineseandEnglish

摘要：

文化差异是翻译中的障碍和难题，要在两种语言之间进行翻译，除了通晓两种语言文字外，还必须了解两种文化，并能深刻理解两种文化的差异。

本文将从什么是文化，以及从历史文化、地域文化、生活习惯、价值观（包括伦理道德，意识形态，宗教信仰，以及与此相关的称谓语和亲属关系）、思维方式和行文特点等几个方面，论述中西方文化的差异,并分析文化中的不可译性和文化翻译的策略。

关键词：

文化文化因素文化翻译文化差异英汉互译翻译策略

Abstract：

Culturedifferenceisadifficultproblemandobstacleintranslation.IfwewanttotranslatebetweenChineseandEnglish,weshouldmakeacquaintedwiththetwolanguagesandwehavetounderstandthetwocultures,andwemustprofoundlycomprehendtheculturedifferences.Firstlythispaperwilltalkaboutwhatisculture,andthendiscussculturedifferencesfromtheaspectsofhistoricalculture,regionalculture,custom,values（includingethicalcriteria,ideology,religion,andtherelevanttermsofaddressingandrelationsofkinship）andwaysofthinkingandwriting.FinallyIwillanalyzethefactorsthatcan’tbetranslatedandculturaltranslationStrategies.

Keywords:

culture;culturalfactors;culturaltranslation;culturedifferences;C-Etranslation;translationStrategies

IIntroduction

China’srapideconomicgrowthhasputthecountryintheglobespotlight,andhasmadeoverseasgreatlyinterestedinChina,andalargenumberofbookshavebeenintroducedtoChina.Chinaasoneoftheoldestcountriesintheworldattractsattentionoftheworldpeople,butlimitedknowledgeandlanguagebarriershavebeenthemajorhurdlesforforeignerstoknowChinabetter.

Sotranslationisthemainwaytosolvethisproblem.Thereasonfortranslationasthemainmethodisthatithasmanypracticalfunctions,anditisavitalchannelofculturalexchangebetweendifferentnations,aswellasanindispensablemodeofhumansocialcommunication.AndnowtranslationbetweenChineseandEnglishhascoveredeveryaspectofsocietyinordertomeettheneedsofsocialdevelopment.Thefunctionsofitunderdifferentculturebackgroundordifferenteraarenotalwaysthesame.Asatranslator,heorsheshouldbeabletoanswersuchquestions:

“Whattotranslate?

Whentotranslate？

Howtotranslateandforwhom?

”Inordertoanswerthesequestions,wemustunderstandthefunctionoftranslationandthesocialbackgroundthatarerelatedto.Translationisanimportantconstituentofthehumanlanguageactivity,alsoisusedbydifferentnationalities,thenationalsintercommunication.TranslationitselfbyNida（1976:

75）isviewedas“essentiallyanaspectofalargerdomain,namely,thatofcommunication”.Steiner（1975:

47）pointedoutthatafterBabeltakesanevenwiderviewoftranslation“insideorbetweenlanguages;humancommunicationequalstranslation”,hence,translationisdiscussedwithinthewidercontextofcommunication,extendingideasputforwardbyavarietyoftranslation.Thereforetheactivityoftranslationincludesaseriesoflanguageconversion;itisalsothesocialandpsychologicalactivitiesinessence.Newmark’s（1995）twostatementsare“translationisthemosteconomicalmethodofexplainingoneculture’swaytoanother”and“translationmediatesculture”.Translationisadecision-makingprocessinacertainsocialcultureframe.Thetranslator'sdecisionnotmerelydependsonthelanguagehe/shelearns,butalsoontheculturalenvironmentofaspecificeratoagreatextent.（CultureandTranslation）

Translationprocesscannolongerbeenvisagedasbeingbetweentwolanguagesbutbetweentwoculturesinvolving“cross-culturaltransfer”（Snall-Hornby,1998）.Duringthetranslationprocess,translatorswillhavetodealwithproblemssuchascult