英语中考 阅读表达 讲解练习.docx
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英语中考阅读表达讲解练习
阅读表达
解答阅读表达题,阅读是基础,表达是关键。
所以在表达时,首先要注意以下原则:
(1)在答题时,总的原则是:
能简略回答,尽量简略回答。
(2)书写要规范。
句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并且要使用正确;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。
(3)做出适当调整。
在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当调整。
其次,审题时要注意两个方面:
(1)看清提问方式。
要分清是一般疑问句、选择疑问句还是特殊疑问句。
(2)要辨别问题类型。
阅读表达主要分为细节理解题、主旨大意题、信息归纳题以及开放性问答题。
考生需判断五道试题属于以上哪类问题,再通过不同的阅读策略高效获取信息,从而得到答案。
一、细节理解题
细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。
这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由who,what,where,when,why和how等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。
这类题型的提问方式常为:
Doyoureyesneedeverydayattention?
When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?
Whoputrubbishintodifferentbags?
凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。
回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。
例原文:
Onthefirstdayofschool,ourprofessorintroducedalittleoldladytous.
问题:
Whodidtheprofessorintroduceonthefirstdayofschool?
思路:
通过审题后寻读,考生应回答:
Alittleoldlady.
二、主旨大意题
此类问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。
现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。
主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:
Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
Whatisthepurposeofthewriter’swritingthepassage?
WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?
Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。
略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。
抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。
★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。
例原文:
Eacheducationalsystemhasitsownadvantages.Forexample,theJapanesestudentslearnmoremathandsciencethanAmericanstudentsbytheendofhighschool.TheadvantageoftheeducationalsysteminAmericaisthatstudentslearntothinkbythemselves.Theteachingmethodmakesthemmorecreative.
问题:
Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
思路:
通过略读寻找关键句,考生应回答:
Eacheducationalsystemhasitsownadvantages.
★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。
例原文:
首段末句:
Butwhataboutbluefood?
第二段末句:
Childrenstillpreferredthesweetsthatweretheusualcolorsofred,green,brown,yellowandorange.
第三段末句:
Thisisperhapswhywedon’tusuallyusebluefoodcoloringfordrinks,cakesandotherfood.
第四段首句:
Somepeoplesayweeatwithoureyes.
尾段:
Sowillweeverseebluefoodsonourplates?
Theanswerseemstobe“no”,atleastincountriesliketheUKandtheUSA.
问题:
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
思路:
通过略读寻找首尾段的关键句,并结合人们不喜欢蓝色食物的现象以及原因,考生应总结答案为:
Peopledon’tlikethebluefoodandthereasons.
三、信息归纳题
该类题目要求考生能在短文中找到题目所涉及的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。
在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当整理。
解答信息归纳题时,一方面要在对全文理解的基础上采取寻读策略,找到相应的原文信息;另一方面要使用词语的恰当词性。
很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。
因此,做这类题要回答全面,也要表述正确。
例原文:
IneverknewherandnordidIknowwhattodo,butIwasthere,sayingsomecomfortingwordstoastrangerinpain.Iaskedhertostandstillforafewminutes.Wethenlookedforaplaceforhertosit.Fromoutofnowhere,herfriendjoinedus.
问题:
Whatdidthewriterdoforthegirl?
思路:
通过寻读并整合信息,考生应回答出两点:
Thewritersaidsomecomfortingwordstoherandlookedforaplaceforhertosit.
四、开放性问答题
此类题目是要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。
它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。
但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。
开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。
考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。
例原文:
Accordingtoaninternationalsurveyin2016,youngpeopleinemerging(新兴的)countrieslikeChinaandIndiahaveagreatersenseofhopeforthefuture,comparedwiththoselivingindevelopedareassuchasEurope,NorthAmericaandAustralia.
…
Itwasfoundthat53%ofthosequestionedinChinathoughttheworldwasbecomingabetterplace—thehighestamongthecountriessurveyed.Someofthemalsofelthopefulaboutthefuturebecauseofthedevelopmentoftechnology.
However,youngpeopleinFrance,ItalyandTurkeyhadapessimisticoutlookonthefuture.
问题:
What’syouropinionofthefuture?
Andwhy?
思路:
通过阅读获悉在新兴国家,如中国和印度,年轻人由于技术的进步对未来充满希望,而法国、意大利和土耳其的年轻人则持消极态度。
此题虽为开放性题目,但考生应结合自身国籍考虑,参考答案为:
Ifeelhopefulaboutthefuture,becausethetechnologyisdevelopingquickly.
考生在答完五道试题后,要进行复读审核。
要对照短文内容对所写答案进行审核,反复斟酌,做出修正,以减少错误和疏漏。
例子
阅读短文,根据题目要求完成各小题。
Itisagreatthingtohelpothers.First,youcanlearnnewthings.Second,itcanalsomakeyoufeelgood.
Howcanyoudoit?
Helpingthroughcharities(慈善团体)isagoodidea.Charitiesareorganizations(组织)thathelpothers.September5istheInternationalDayofCharity.
Youcanhelpcharitiesbygivingyourtime,givingmoneyorgivingthingsthatyouown.
•Volunteering
Volunteeringistogivetimetohelpotherswithoutpay.Somewaysofvolunteeringare:
☆visitingoldpeopletotalktothemorhelpthem;
☆walkingdogsatananimalshelter(收容所);
☆cleaningupapark;
☆helpingsomechildren.(3)Youcanteachthechildrenwithoutlifeskillshowtotakecareofthemselves.
•Fundraising
Fundraisingistocollectorproducemoneytoacharitytohelpothers.Somewaysoffundraisingare:
☆makingcakesorbiscuitstosell;
☆doingsponsored(有赞助的)activities.Forexample,familiesandfriendsgiveyoumoneyifyoufinishalongwalk.
•Donating
Donatingistogiveyourthingstoacharitytohelpothers.Somewaysofdonatingare:
☆givingyouroldtoysorclothestoacharitythathelpssickchildrenorpoorpeople;
☆givingyouroldbookstoalibrary.
So,whatcanyoudotohelpothers?
1.Whyisitagreatthingtohelpothers?
(atleastone)
2.WhichdayistheInternationalDayofCharity?
3.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.
4.Marymakessomemoneybydrawingpictures.Shegivesthemoneytoacharity.Itisawayof .(填写序号A或B或C)
A.volunteeringB.fundraisingC.donating
5.Giveapropertitletothepassage.
1.【答案】Becausewecanlearnnewthings./Becauseitcanalsomakeusfeelgood.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第一段内容可知,帮助他人有两个好处。
2.【答案】(Itis)September5./(Itis)September5th./(Itis)5thSeptember.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第二段最后一句可知,9月5日为国际慈善日。
3.【答案】你可以教没有生活技能的孩子们如何照顾自己。
句子翻译题。
【解析】can(情态动词)可以;thechildrenwithoutlifeskills没有生活技能的孩子们;howtotakecareofthemselves如何照顾自己。
4.【答案】B 细节理解题。
【解析】根据文中的Fundraisingistocollectorproducemoneytoacharitytohelpothers.可知,选B。
5.【答案】Howtohelpothers?
/Whatcanyoudotohelpothers?
/Thewaystohelpothers
【解析】主旨大意题。
根据对全文的理解可知,本文主要讲了帮助别人的方式,故答案应是关于“如何帮助别人”的。
专题训练
一
Aliceisacollegestudentandinherinternship(实习期)now.Lastmonth,sheboughtascarfwhichshereallyliked.Itcosthermorethan50dollars.It'snotcheap,butitmadeherhappy,becauseshehaddreamedofhavingoneforalongtime.
Everymorning,whensheputsonhernewscarf,shefeelssohappythatitseemsthewholedayisfullofhope.Alicehasbeenusedtorewarding(奖励)herselfthroughshopping.Thishobbyalsodriveshertoworkhardandmakesherlifekeepgettingbetter.
Buthermother,Mrs.Millerthinksquitedifferently.WhenMrs.MillerknewthepriceofAlice'snewscarf,theystartedtoarguewitheachotherandtheargumentlastedforalmostawholeday.Hermotherthoughtthatsheshouldn'tspendsomuchmoneyonit,whileAlicethoughthermotherdidn'tunderstandheratall.
ButAlicedidn'tknowthathermother'slifewasveryhard.WhenMrs.Millerwasveryyoung,shecouldnotfindenoughclothestowearinwinter.Sheneededtolearnhowtospendeverypennyasifitweretwosothatshecouldsurvive(生存).
It'sjustnaturalthattwopeoplecan'tunderstandeachotherbecausetheyhavedifferentexperiences.Then,howcanwechangethesituation?
Trytobepatientwiththepeoplearoundyou.Trytogettoknowthem.Andtrytostandintheirshoes.IfAlicefollowstheadvice,Ithinkshewillgetonwellwithhermother.
1.HowmuchdidthescarfcostAlice?
____________________________________________________________________
2.WhendidMrs.MillerstarttoarguewithAlice?
____________________________________________________________________
3.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.
____________________________________________________________________
4.WhenMrs.Millerwasveryyoung,shecouldnotaffordmanythings.However,herdaughterboughtanexpensivescarf.WecaninferthatMrs.Millerisa________person.(填写序号A或B或C)
A.generousB.savingC.kind
5.Giveapropertitletothepassage.
____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1.Morethan50dollarsforit./Morethan50dollars.
2.WhenMrs.Miller/hermotherknewtheprice(ofhernewscarf).
3.他们因为有不同的经历所以不能相互理解是很自然的。
4.B
5.DifferentOpinionsOnSameThings
二
InHebei,thereisasmallvillagecalledYeli.Throughthevillage,youcanseegreentreesalongtheriverbank.However,youcanhardlyimaginethat,about16yearsago,thisareawascoveredwithrocksandweeds(杂草).Thebigchangeisallbecauseofyearsofhardworkbytwobestfriends:
JiaHaixia,whoisblind,andJiaWenqi,whohasnoarms.
Thetwofriendsdecidedtoplanttreestomakealivingbackin2002.Althoughbotharedisabled,theylearnedtoworktogetherbybecomingeachother'seyesandhands.Withlittlemoneytobuyyoungtrees,theyhadtocollectandplantcuttings(插枝,插条).Everymorning,theywenttotheriverbanktogether.JiaWenqiwalkedinthefrontandJiaHaixiafollowedhimbyholdingoneofhisfriend'semptysleeves(衣袖).Aftertheyarrivedattheriverbank,JiaHaixiawouldclimbonhisfriend'sshoulderstogetcuttingsandJiaWenqiwouldtellhimwhichcuttingswerethebest.Afterthat,theydugholesonthegroundandwateredthecuttingstogether.
Theyplanted800treesinthefirstyear,butonlytwosurvived(存活).Theydidn'tgiveup.Instead,theycontinuedplantingmoreinthenextfewyears.Theriverbankisnowhometoovertenthousandtrees.
Today,thetwofriendsnolongerneedtomakealivingbyplantingtrees,buttheyhavenoplanstostop.Theyaimtoplantasmanytreesaspossibleintheareasoastoprotectthevillagefromflooding(洪水)andtoimprovethelocalenvironment.
1.Wheredidthestorytakep