D脱盐水题库填空doc.docx

D脱盐水题库填空doc.docx

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D脱盐水题库填空doc

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Desaiinationwatertestbank

One,fillintheblank

Theimpuritiesinnaturalwaterareusuallyclassifiedintosuspendedobjects,colloidsanddissolvedobjects,dependingontheirparticlesize・

Thehardnessofwatergenerallyreferstothetotal

concentrationofcalciumandmagnesiumionsinwater・Thehardnessofwatercanbedividedintotwotypes:

carbonatehardnessandnon-carbonatehardness・

Thealkalinityofthewateristhetotalconcentrationofoh-co32-HC03一andotherweakacids・

Thealkalinityofthewatercanbedividedintophenolicalkalinityandmethylorangealkalinityaccordingtothediffereneeoftheindicatorusedinthemeasurementandthedifferenttitrationoftheendpoint.

Theacidityofwateristheconcentrationofsubstancesinthewaterthatcanbeneutralizedbyastrongbase（likeNaOH,KOH,etc・）・Thesesubstancesaresummarizedinthreecategories:

strongacid,saltandweakacid,whicharecomposedofweakbaseacids.

Themaincompoundsinnaturalwaterarecarbonatedcompounds,silicatecompounds,ironcompoundsandnitrogencompounds・

Thenaturalwaterisdividedintofourtypes,suchaslowsaltwater,mediumsaltwater,highsalinitywaterandhighsalinitywater.

Thecolloidsofnaturalwateraremadeupofcountlessmicelles,thestructureofwhichconsistsofthreeparts:

thecolloidalnucleus,theadsorptionlayerandthediffusionlayer・

Thestabilityofthecolloidisthepropertyoftheadhesivematerialinthewaterforalongperiodoftime・Themaincauseofthisphenomenonisthefactthatthecolloidalparticleshaveahomosexualcharge・

Duringtheprocessofcoagulationinwater,thecommonlyusedcoagulantshavetwokindsofironsaltsandaluminumsalts・

Intheprocessoffiltering,theparticlefilterhastwomainfunctions,namelythemechanicalsievingandthecontactcondensation.

Themainparametersofthefilterarethefilterspeed,thefiltrationperiod,andtheabilitytoremovedirtfromthefilterlayer・

Theion-exchangeresinshouldbeinvalidatedwhentheion-exchangerisinlong-termuse,sothattheion-exchangeresincanbeavoidedinthewater・

Thepurposeoftheion-exchangeanti-washingistoloosenthelayerofresin,removethesuspendedmaterialfromtheupperlayeroftheexchanger,andeliminatethebubblesintheresinandresinlayers.

Thepurposeoftheion-exchangeistoflushtheregenerationandregenerationproductsthatarefilledwithinterchangingparticles・

Duringtheoperationofthemixedbedionexchanger,themainmonitoringconductivity,includingtheconcentrationofsiliconandsodiumioncontent,etc・

Thedissolvedoxygeninwaterhasadoubleeffectonthecorrosionofmetal,andoneisthecorrosionofmetalbyformingoxidecoatingonmetalsurface・Thesecondisthedepolarizationofthecathodetoacceleratethecorrosionofthemeta1.

ThemainmeasurestopreventthecorrosionofthemetalcorrosionofthewatersystemarethePHofthewaterandthewater・

Aftertheboilerequipmentproducesscale,therearethefollowinghazards,reducingtheheateconomyoftheboiler,causingthehotsurfacemetaloftheboilertooverheat,deform,eventhepipe;Causecorrosionunderthesediment・

Thedischargeofboilersiscontinuousdischarge（surfacedischarge）andperiodicblowdown（bottomblowdown）・

Thesteamisgenerallymonitoredforbothsodiumandsilicacontent.

Theprojectofconstantmonitoringofboilerwaterishardness,dissolvedoxygen,PHvalue,copperandironcontent・Themainpurposeofmonitoringtheseprojectsistopreventthermalequipmentandsystemcorrosionandfouling・

Thebasicprincipleofwatermixingandcoagulationcanbesummarizedintofourfunctions:

adsorption,neutralization,surfacecontactandfiltration.

24,thetreatedwaterwithferricsaltcoagulantsistogeneratethecharacteristicsofthefloedensityisbig,thewatertemperature'sinfluenceonthecoagulationeffectisnotbig,theapplicablePHrangeisverywide,doesnotapplytodealwithwatercontainingorganicmattermore・

25,asthefilterfiltermaterial,shallhavethefollowingseveralmainconditions:

stablechemicalperformance,mechanicalstrength,particlesizeappropriate,andcheap,easytopurchase,etc・

26,waterchemistryinadditiontothesaltintheprocess,themostcommonlyusedionexchangeresinisstrongacidcationexchangeresin,weakacidcationexchangeresin,strongbaseanionexchangeresinandfoursuchasweakbaseanionexchangeresin.

27,thenewresinsarepredisposedbeforetheyareused,andaftertheresinispretreated,

Therearethreeadvantages,theincreaseofresinstabilityandthefunctionofactivatingresinandtheincreaseofresinworkexchangecapacity.

Whentheion-exchangeresinwasusedforalongperiodoftime,thecolorbecamedarkerandtheworkexchangecapacitydecreased,duetothepollutionofiron,aluminumandoxygenandorganicmatter・YoucanusuallyuseHCLsolutionandNaOHsolution.

Thegreaterthecross-linkingdegreeofion-exchangeresin,thegreatertheapparentdensityoftheresin,thesmallerthemoisturecontent,themoremechanicalstrength,thelowertheregenerationefficiency.

Theanti-washinglayerofmixedbedionexchangerisrelatedtothespeedoftheflowrateoftheanti-washinglayer,anditalsohastodowiththedegreeoffailureoftheresin.

Duringtheanti-washingoperationoftheionexchanger,thefollowingtwoaspectsmustbenoted:

thewaterqualityshouldbeclarifiedandtheanti-washingintensityshouldbeappropriate・

Thegreaterthecrosslinkingdegreeofion-exchangeresin,theslowertheresins・

TheoptimumPHvalueisbetween6.5and8whenusingaluminumsaltasacoagulant

Ion-exchangeresinsaredarkenedbythepollutionofiron,aluminumandoxides・

Thewaterthatissenttotheboileriscalledwater.

Thewateriscalledsofteningwater,exceptforthecalciumandmagnesiumsaltsinthewater・

Thegelisacollectionofmoleculesandionsthatarebetween10and6and10一4・

Whentheionsregenerate,thedirectionoftheregenerativeflowiscalledthesameasthesameregenerationastheflowdirection.

Whentheionsregenerate,thedirectionoftheregenerativeflowiscalledreverseregeneration.

Whentheionexchangeregenerates,theregenerativeoperationshouldpayattentiontothefollowingaspects:

tocheckwhethertheregenerativesystemisnormal;Tocontroltheconcentrationandtemperatureoftheregenerationfluidaccurately;Whenregeneration,theion-exchangershouldbekeptundercertainpressure;Inthecaseofregeneration,thedosageandflowofthereagentshouldbestrictlycontrolled・

Theusualexchangecapacityisfullexchangecapacity,balanceexchangecapacityandworkexchangecapacity・

Thesystemoftriplesafetyeducationisthebasicsystemforthesafetyofeducation,thethirdlevelofeducationiseducation,educationandeducation・

〃A11four"safetymanagementreferstotheall-aroundall-aroundsafetymanagement.

Noharm,noharm,noharm,noharm.

Themaincauseofthecrashisthelackofsafetytechnicalknowledgeofthehighlevelofoperationandthesafetyfacilitiesandequipmentthatarenotgoodforfalling・

Theeffectoflubricationistocontrolfrictionandreducewearandtear・

Theeffectofthepressurelayeristofiltertheeffectoftheregeneratedpressureandpreventtheresins.

TheunitofvolumeflowisM3/h・

Theunitofmassf1owist/h・

Thepressureisdeterminedbytheforceareaandtheverticalforce

Naturalwateristreatedbywatertreatmenttechnology,andcanbedividedintotwotypes:

basicwaterandnon-alkalinewater・

Thecharacteristicofalkalinewateristhatalkalinityisgreaterthanhardness,andinalkalinewater,nonon-carbonatehardnessexists・

Non-alkalinewaterischaracterizedbyhardnessgreaterthanalkalinity.Innon-alkalinewater,non-carbonatehardnessexists・

54,thecoagulantisthepromotionofcoagulation,andthecoagulationeffectisimproved,andthecoagulationeffectisnotinitself・

Thecoagulantisbasedonthemechanismofitsaction,whichcanbedividedintoacid,alkali,oxidant,andimprovethecohesivestructure・

Thephenomenonoftheamountofimpuritiesinthevaporabovetheprescribedstandardsiscalledvaporpollution・

Thecolloidisacollectionofmanymoleculesorionsthathaveanelectricchargeonthesurface・

ThePHofwaterisusedtoindicatetheconcentrationofhydrogenionsinthewater・

Thegranularityisthegeneraltermforboththeparticlesizeandtheunevencoefficient・

Thepressuredropofthewaterfiltrationlayeriscalledthewaterheadlossofthefilter・

Inadditiontothetreatmentofalldissolvedsaltsinwater,thechemicaldesalinationiscalledwater・

Whennaturalwaterisclassifiedaccordingtoitssaltcontent,saltcontentismediumsaltwaterin200~500Mg/L・

Whennaturalwaterisclassifiedaccordingtoitshardness,itisthesoftwaterof1、3mm/L.

Whenthecationicexchangeresinispollutedbytheactivechlorine,thecolorbecomeslighterandthevolumeincreases・

Theequilibriumconstantoftheion-exchangereactionisconstantwiththeincreaseoftheexchangeresin.

Whenthewateristreatedwithammonia,theamountofammoniaisaddedtoadjustthePHvalueofthewaterto8.59.2.

Astableanduniformvolumecomposedoftwoormoresubstancescalledasolution.

Whenthepolymerizationaluminiumisusedasacoagulant,thealkalificationdegreeofpolymerizationaluminiumshouldbe50%~80%.

Whentheion-exchangerregenerates,theconcentrationoftheregenerationfluidisaround10%,themaximumregeneration.

Intheoperationofthefilter,thewaterdistributionsystemisthemostaffected.

Thefactorsthataffectthecoagulationarewatertempe