高考英语阅读理解专项训练4.docx

高考英语阅读理解专项训练4.docx

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高考英语阅读理解专项训练4

高考英语阅读理解专项训练（文化类）

（1）

AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademan—themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorindustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecommonlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort.

Thisattitudetowardmanual（体力的）laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablybutevenluxuriously（豪华地）furnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravel,expensivehobbies,andcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherself,willserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterward,furthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasilyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenearbybakery.Onthecontrary,thehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspecialdishes.Aprofessionalmanmaytalkaboutwashingthecar,digginginhisflowerbeds,paintingthehouse.Hiswifemayevenhelpwiththesethings,justasheoftenhelpsherwiththedishwashing.Thesonwhoisawayatcollegemaywaitontableandwashdishesforhisliving,orduringthesummerhemayworkwithaconstructiongangonahighwayinordertopayforhiseducation.

1.Fromparagraph1,wecanknowthatinAmerica_________.

A.peopletendtohaveahighopinionoftheself-mademan

B.peoplecanalwaysrisetothetopthroughtheirwonefforts

C.collegeprofessorswingreatrespectfromcommonworkers

C.peoplefeelpainfultomentiontheirfathersaslabors.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thehostesscooksdinnerherselfmainlybecause_________.

A.servantsinAmericanarehardtoget

B.shetakesprideinwhatshecandoherself

C.shecanhardlyaffordservants

D.Itiseasytoprepareamealwithcannedfood

3.Theexpression“waitontable”inthesecondparagraphmeans“_________”.

A.workinafurnitureshopB.keepaccountsforabar

C.waittolaythetableD.servecustomersinarestaurant

4.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ARespectableSelf-madeFamilyB.AmericanAttitudetowardManualLabor

C.CharacteristicsofAmericanCultureD.TheDevelopmentofManualLabor

【答案解析】

本文介绍了崇尚自我奋斗，尊重体力劳动的美国文化。

1.A。

细节题。

根据AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademade我们可以了解到，“崇尚自我奋斗”是美国文化的特点。

2.B。

推断题。

根据Thisattitudetowardmanual（体力的）laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.（在美国生活的方方面面，尊重体力劳动态度的现象仍然随处可见），可以推断女主人亲自下厨，是因为她以能做这样的体力活而自豪。

3.D。

词义猜测题。

waitontable意为“服务顾客”，注意其后的washingdishes也有一定的暗示意义，故答案为D。

4.B。

主旨题。

纵观全文，文章主要讲了美国崇尚自我奋斗，尊重体力劳动的文化习惯。

故答案为B。

（2）

Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinalmostthesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesasformaltexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.

Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimormakinghimsadthinking.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftensorryforcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,somecasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarises（出现）fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.

Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.donotexist;andthat,insteadofbeingfondofthestrangesideinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughttolearntherealitybystudyinghistory.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustsaysopeculiar（奇怪的）thatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.

Nofairystoryeverdeclaredtobeadescriptionoftherealworldandnocleverchildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.

1.Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis_______.

A.repeatedwithoutanychangeB.treatedasajoke

C.madesomechangesbytheparentD.setinthepresent

2.Accordingtothepassage,greatfearcantakeplaceinachildwhenthestoryis_______.

A.inarealisticsettingB.heardforthefirsttime

C.repeatedtoooftenD.toldinadifferentway

3.Theadvantageclaimed（提出）forrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit_______.

A.makesthemlessfearful

B.developstheirpowerofmemory

C.makesthembelievethereisnothingtobeafraidof

D.encouragesthemnottohavestrangebeliefs

4.Theauthor’smentionofsticksandtelephonesismeanttosuggestthat_______.

A.fairystoriesarestillbeingmadeup

B.thereissomemisunderstandingaboutfairytales

C.peopletrytomodernizeoldfairystories

D.thereismoreconcernforchildren'sfearsnowadays

5.Oneofthereasonswhysomepeoplearenotinfavoroffairytalesisthat_______.

A.theyarefullofimagination

B.theyjustmakeupthestorieswhicharefarfromthetruth

C.theyarenotinteresting

D.theymaketeachersofhistorydifficulttoteach

【答案解析】

本文为论说文，作者驳斥了对神话故事的种种指责和误解。

1.C。

细节题。

根据Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.可推知此题答案为C。

2.B。

细节题。

根据thisarises（出现）fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.可推知此题答案为B。

3.A。

细节题。

根据Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.可以得出此答案。

4.B。

推断题。

有些人认为神话不现实，都是教孩子一些不存在的东西，会对孩子有不好的影响。

作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设，如果这些观点站得住脚的话，可能会出现这样的情况：

theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。

5.B。

推断题。

根据…notobjectivelytrue,donotexist可知有些人不赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的，远离现实。

故选B。

（3）

ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespeare’stimeisestimated（估计）tohavebeenaboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguageaswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.

Infact,itisimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequate（足够的）workingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguages.ThepurposeforEnglishlearningandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttoexplainandstillmoredifficulttojudgewhatformsanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.

ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheindefiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthespreadofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerce,industry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforentrancetothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsintheWest.

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheDifficultiesofLearningEnglish

B.InternationalCommunications

C.TheStandardVarietiesofEnglish

D.EnglishasaWorldLanguage

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Some260millionpeopleintheworldhaveanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish.

B.Therearesome260millionnativespeakersofEnglishintheworld.

C.ItisalmostimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeoplewithanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish.

D.PeoplelearnEnglishforavarietyofreasons.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainreasonforthewidespreaduseofEnglish?

A.ItwaspopularduringShakespeare’stime.

B.ItisusedinformerBritishcolonies.

C.Itservestheneedsofitsnativespeakers.

D.Itisaworldlanguagethatisusedforinternationalcommunication.

4.WhatformsanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish?

A.Theabilitytoreadanewspaper.

B.Itisdifficulttojudgebecauseitdiffersforeachsituation.

C.Beingamultilingual.

D.Beinganativespeaker.

5.WhattypeofdevelopingcountrieswouldbemostlikelytouseEnglish?

A.ThosegeographicallyclosetotheUnitedStates.

B.Thos