浙江省近年中考英语第一部分教材知识研究八下Units12习题人教新目标版.docx
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浙江省近年中考英语第一部分教材知识研究八下Units12习题人教新目标版
第一部分教材知识研究
八年级(下)Units1-2
(限时:
60分钟 满分:
74分)
一、完形填空(15分)(2016舟山)
BrittanyAmanowantstomakesureeverychildintheUShasenoughtoeat.
BrittanyAmano,now18,knewhowitfelttogohungry.Hermothertriedtofinda__1__inHonolulu,Hawaiitosupportthefamily.Hergrandmotherhelpedoutasmuchasshecould。
Butthefamily__2__hadtodependonalocalfoodbanktoliveon,andforthatshewas__3__.
Whentheylosttheirhome,Amano'sfamilyhadtoliveinafriend'sbasement(地下室)。
“Icouldfeel__4__hungerandhomelessnessinfluencedmyfamily.”AmanotoldareporterfromTFK.“Theexperiencemademewanttogive__5__toothersinthesamesituation。
”
Infourthgrade,sheandsomeofherfriendsstartedafoodproject.They__6__$700andcollected800poundsoffood。
__7__twelve,Amanosetupthenonprofit(非盈利的)groupHawaii’sFutureIsn’tHungry.Shehopedtoraise$10,000__8__shefinishedhighschool.Sheendedupraisingmorethan$500,000infouryears.
Withthe__9__collected,thenonprofitgroup,nowcalledTheFutureIsn'tHungry,canofferfreshfruits,vegetables,andother__10__foodstoschoolkidsonFridays。
Thisistomakesurethatthekidsand__11__familieshaveenoughfoodtogetthem__12__theweekend.Sofar,theefforthashelpedmorethan75,000people.
Inthefallofthisyear,Amanowill__13__DukeUniversity,inNorthCarolinaonafullscholarship。
Aftergraduation,sheplanstoreturntoHonoluluto__14__tothecitythatgavehersomuch.
“Itdoesn’tmatterifyouhelponemillionpeople__15__justoneperson。
”shesays。
“Thesmallestactioncanmakeahugedifference。
"
1.A。
jobB.clubC.houseD.school
2.A.yetB。
stillC.justD.never
3.A。
carefulB.helpfulC.hopefulD.thankful
4.A。
whyB.howC.whatD.while
5.A。
hopeB。
choiceC。
surpriseD。
pleasure
6。
A。
paidB.savedC。
raisedD。
borrowed
7。
A.ByB.AtC.UntilD。
Below
8.A。
soB。
sinceC。
whenD.if
9。
A。
foodB。
clothesC.booksD.money
10。
A。
sweetB.healthyC。
cheapD.delicious
11。
A。
hisB。
herC。
theirD.our
12.A。
intoB.acrossC.alongD.through
13。
A.enterB.visitC。
dropD.leave
14。
A。
setoffB。
getdownC.givebackD。
comeup
15。
A.orB。
asC.butD。
and
二、阅读理解(14分)
A(2016温州)
Harmfulmicrobeslikebacteria,virusesandothergermsarepathogens。
Theymayenteryourbodiesandmakeyouill。
Theimmunesystemisthebody'sdefencesystemthatprotectsyoufromillnessanddiseasecausedbythepathogens.
Theimmunesystemismadeupofnon。
specializeddefencessuchasskin,tearsandtheacidicjuiceproducedbythestomach,keepingyoufromthepathogens.Italsohassomehighlyspecializeddefences,whicharedifferentkindsofimmunecells,groupedintophagocytesandlymphocytes。
Phagocytesareatypeofwhite
bloodcell.Theyareswimmingaroundinyourbloodstream,alwaysonthelookoutforantigens—thepathogensthathaveenteredyourbodies.Whenevertheyseeone,theywilleatit.However,someantigensarehardtofindandkill.Thenlymphocytes,whicharealsowhitebloodcellsandthemaintypesareBcells,ThelpercellsandTkillercells,willbethekillersofthesneakyantigens.
Bcells,ThelperandTkillercellsworktogethertofindandkilltheseantigens。
Bcellsproducesubstances,calledantibodies,whichsticktotheantigen。
Whenthathappens,itwilltelltheThelpercellstocomeoverandeither:
1。
helptheBcellskilltheantigen,or2。
callthephagocytesorTkillercellstomoveinforthekill.OnceaBcelloraTcellattacksanantigen,theycreatecellsto“remember”it.Those“memorycells"hangoutinyourbloodandiftheyseethesameantigenagain,theyquicklyrecognizeitsoyourimmunesystemcanactfasteratkillingit。
Theimmunesystemismorepowerfulthanyouprobablyimagine.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniarecentlytookimmunecellsfromthreepatientswithleukemia,thengeneticallychangedtheminto“serialkiller”cellstoattackcancercells。
Thestudywassmallbuttheresultsweregroundbreaking.Themodifiedimmunecellsincreasedatleast1,000timesinthebodyandkilledallthecancercells。
Therefore,more“memorycells”werecreated。
Theimmunesystemcanbedeveloped.Eatingleanproteinfood(beef,beans)andfoodrichinvitaminsA,C,andE(sweetpotatoes,carrots),takinga30.minutewalkeverydayandreducingyourstresslevels,etc.willhelpyouachieveit。
1.Whatcantheimmunesystemdo?
A。
Keepyoufromantibodies。
B。
Protectyouagainstantigens.
C。
Makeyourbodiesweakandsick。
D。
Helpmicrobesenteryourbodies。
2。
Howarethesneakyantigensfoundandkilled?
A.Phagocytes,B,ThelperandTkillercellsworktogether.
B.Skin,tears,acidicjuiceandimmunecellsworktogether。
C。
Bcellscreate“memorycells”toswimaroundintheblood。
D。
BcellsproduceantibodiestotellThelperandTkillercells。
3。
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?
A。
Theimmunesystemcanbemademorepowerful。
B。
Lessantigenscanbekilledbytheimmunesystem。
C。
Whitebloodcellsactlessquicklyintheimmunesystem。
D。
Theimmunesystemcanbechangedintothe“serialkiller”.
4。
Thisarticleismainlyabout________.
A。
thetypesofwhitebloodcells
B.aresearchreportabouthumanhealth
C。
thecauseofillnessanddisease
D.anintroductiontotheimmunesystem
B(2017原创)
消防战士-—黄一飞
AheavyrainhitJingmencityfromJune30thtoJuly1standcausedflood.Somelivingbuildingswereinwater。
Peoplehadtomovetoanothersafeplace。
9。
year.oldJiajun’shousewasinwater,too.Thefamilywereindanger.Theyhadtomoveaway.OnJuly1st,theyfoundaraft(小筏子)andwantedtotakeittoasafeplace。
Unluckily,theraftsankonhalfway。
Jiajun,Jiajun'sgrandmotherandothertwopeoplefellintowater。
Fivefirefighters(消防员)sawtheaccidentandtheyjumpedintowaterquicklytorescuethem。
Nineteenyear.oldHuangYifei,whohasbeenafirefighterforabouttwoyears,grabbed(抓住)littleJiajun。
ButthewaterrushedquicklyandHuangcouldn’tfindaplacetoholdon.Theyfloatedonfastwaterabout500metersawaythentheypassedthroughabridge.AfterthatHuangsawasmalltreethattheycouldgocloseto.HuangtoldJiajuntograbthetreetightly,buthehimselfonlyswaminwaterandwaitedtobesaved.Jiajuntoldhimthathewantedtobeafirefighterwhenhegrewupandthathebelievedtheywouldbesavedquickly.HiswordsmovedHuangandHuanghuggedJiajuntightlywithhishandssothatJiajuncouldgrabthelittletree。
Atabout11:
30inthemorning,HuangYifeiandlittleJiajunweresavedbyanothergroup'sfirefighters.ManypeoplesaidthankstoHuangandhisteammates。
Huangsaidthatheandhisteammateswereallproudofbeingfirefightersbecausetheycouldkeeppeoplesafe.
1。
Theunderlinedword“it”refersto________.
A。
theraftB.theheavyrain
C.Jiajun'shouseD.bridge
2。
Therewere________peopleintheraft。
A。
twoB。
threeC。
fourD。
five
3。
WhatdidHuangYifeidowhenlittleJiajungrabbedthesmalltree?
A。
Hegrabbedittoo.
B。
Heswamaway.
C。
Hewentdownunderwater。
D。
Heswaminwater。
三、任务型阅读(5分)(2016舟山模拟)
请给下文各段找出最合适的小标题(注意有一项为多余选项)。
Volunteeringisagreatwaytomeetnewpeopleandlearnnewskills。
Buthow
tovolunteer?
Here’saguideforbeginners。
1.________
Doyouwanttohelptheworld?
Doyouwanttobuildyourownskills,makenewfriends,orlearnsomething?
Doyoulovewhatyoudo?
Doyouwanttoshareyourgiftwithothersorgivesomethingback?
Thinkaboutthesequestions.Theycanhelpyouchoosetherightvolunteerwork.
2.________
Doyoulovetoworkwithpeopleorwithanimals,orwithchildren,orwithnumbers?
Doyoulovetospeakortowrite?
Organizationsneedallkindsofskills。
Itisimportantthatyouchoosesomethingthatyoulike.
3。
________
Ifyouhavealreadyhadabusyschoollife,justvolunteeryourtimeforanhourortwoaweek.Youmightbesurprisedhowmuchyoucandoinalittletime.Then,ifyoufindyouenjoytheworkandhavemoretimetodoit,doitmoreoften.
4.________
Volunteerorganizationssometimeshaveunfriendlypeople,difficulttasksandbusytime。
Ifyoufindyourworkboring,trytoworkthroughitbeforeyoudecidetogiveup。
5。
________
Allinall,volunteerworkisnotonlygoodforothersbutalsogoodforyourself。
Youwillbemorekind。
hearted,moreindependentandmoreenergeticafterbecomingavolunteer。
Justtakeactionsfromnowon。
A.Thinkaboutwhyyouwanttovolunteer.
B.Getstartedandkeepitasahabit.
C.Trynottogiveup.
D.Chooseanorganizationthatinterestsyou。
E.Startfromsmallthings.
F。
Youcanlearnalotfromit.
四、词汇运用(10分)(2017原创)
InAprilthisyear,lotsofbagsfullofsmallchange(零钱)wereseenatbusstopsinTianjin.Theyweremadefor1____(乘客)toturntheirnotesintosmallchange。
Andsuchan2____(主意)camefromfourstudentsfromTianjinZhongbeiMiddleSchool。
“Peoplewillsurelyfeel3____(担心)whentheytakeabuswithoutchange。
Wejustwanttodosomethingtohelp4____(他们),”saidWangYongcun,15,oneofthefourstudents。
Thefourboysspenttheirwholeweekendmakingthechangebags.5____(之后)thattheywenttocountthenumberofthepassengersateachbusstopneartheirschool,andthenchosethetopsixstopstoputthebags.
Manypeoplethinkthatthefourboyshave6____(真正地)doneagoodjob.Butthingsdidn'tgoastheboyshadthought.Twodayslater,theyfoundthatthemoneywasgone,andeventhebagsweretakenaway。
Itreallymadethemsadbuttheywouldnotgiveup。
Theirclassmatesandteacherscametohelpthemintime。
Theyputtheirpocketmoneyinbags7____(再一