E2KRecovery.docx

E2KRecovery.docx

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E2KRecovery

DisasterRecoveryforMicrosoftExchange 2000Server

Published:

August2000

TableofContents

Introduction1

ActiveDirectoryandExchange 2000Server1

ExchangeDatabaseTechnology2

Windows 2000BackupUtility（NTBackup.exe）2

BackingUpMultipleDatabases3

Exchange2000ServerClusters3

BackingUpExchange 2000ServerInformation3

CreatingaBackupPlan3

RecommendedBackupDeployment6

RecoveringfromDisasters7

LevelsofDisasterRecovery7

RestoringMailboxes7

RestoringOneorMoreExchangeDatabases7

RestoringMultipleDatabasesinaSingleStorageGroup8

FullServerRecoveries9

DisasterRecoveryforMicrosoftExchange2000Server

Published:

August2000

Forthelatestinformation,see

Introduction

Yourcompanycanpreparetorecoverlostdatabydevelopingandimplementingawell-plannedbackupstrategy.TorecoverMicrosoft®Exchange 2000Serverdata,youmustunderstandboththeMicrosoftWindows® 2000ActiveDirectory™directoryserviceandthearchitectureofExchange 2000databasetechnology.Ifyoualsounderstandtransactionloggingandhowdatabase,checkpoint,andlogfilesrelatetoeachotherinpreviousversionsofExchange,youwillbeabletousetheseconceptsinExchange 2000.TroubleshootingprinciplesandstrategiesbetweenpreviousversionsofExchangeandExchange 2000arealsosimilar.

AlthoughfamiliaritywithproceduresusedtobackupandrestorepreviousversionsofExchangeprovidesagoodfoundation,youwillneedtolearnnewprocessesforExchange 2000.Forexample,theMicrosoftExchange 5.5databaseiscontainedinasinglefile,whereastheExchange 2000databaseiscontainedintwolinkedfiles（database.edbanddatabase.stm）.Forbackupandrestoration,thesetwofilesmustalwaysbetreatedasonefile.Also,theESEUTILorISINTEGscriptsthatyouruninExchange 5.5donotworkinExchange 2000.

ThisarticledescribessomeofthemostimportantaspectsofExchange 2000disasterrecovery.WhetherornotyouarefamiliarwithbackingupandrestoringExchange 5.5,reviewthefollowingdocumentationsourcestohelpyoumaximizeyourunderstandingandyourabilitytorecoverfromdisastersthatmightoccur:

The“InformationStore”and“BackupandRestore”chaptersofMicrosoftExchange2000ServerPlanningandInstallation

WhitepapersonExchange 2000disasterrecoverywrittenbyMicrosoftProductSupportServices（PSS）,whichareavailableontheExchangeWebsite:

MicrosoftExchange 2000Serveronlinedocumentation

ActiveDirectoryandExchange 2000Server

ServersrunningpreviousversionsofExchangehavetheirowndirectorydatabases,whicharereplicatedonotherserversonthesameExchangesite.Bycontrast,Exchange 2000serversuseWindows 2000ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectoryreplicatesExchangemailboxandconfigurationinformationthroughoutanentireWindows 2000forest.

ConnectExchange 2000serverstoWindows 2000domaincontrollersthatrunActiveDirectory.Exchange 2000readsandwritesdirectoryinformationtoandfromActiveDirectoryasneeded.

Note   ForinformationonWindows 2000domaincontrollersandActiveDirectory,seetheWindows 2000documentation.

Thishasthefollowingimportantimplicationsfordisasterrecovery:

ExchangeadministratorsmustnowworkmorecloselywithWindowsadministratorsbecauseActiveDirectoryissharedbetweenthetwo.

ExchangeadministratorsinvolvedindisasterrecoveryrequiresufficientpermissionsinActiveDirectorytoread,write,andmodifyExchangeentries.

Youcannolongerjoinrecoveryserverstoproductiondomains.Ifyouwanttorecoveradamagedmailboxfromadedicatedbackupserver,youmustuseadomaincontrollerthatisisolatedfromyourproductionforest.

ExchangeDatabaseTechnology

UnderstandingtheunderlyingdatabasetechnologyusedbyExchangewillhelpyouunderstandthebackupandrestoreprocess.AnimportantenhancementinExchange 2000istheconceptofmultiplestoragegroupsandmultiplemailboxstoresandpublicfolderstoresineachstoragegroup.Adatabasecontainsdatainamailboxstoreorapublicfolderstore.Youcanbackupandrestoredatabasesinastoragegroupindividuallyortogether.Asinglesetoflogfilescontainsentriesforalldatabasesinthestoragegroup.

Exchangeusesfault-tolerant,transaction-baseddatabasestostoremessagesandwrite-aheadtransactionlogfilestoensurethatExchangedataisefficientlyprocessed.Write-aheadistheprocessofwritingtransactionstotransactionlogssequentiallybeforewritingtheminbulktothedatabase.Thisimprovesperformanceandensuresthatcommittedtransactionsarenotlost,becausecopiesarestoredinthelogfiles.

WithExchange 2000,youcanconfigureuptofourstoragegroupsoneachExchangeserver.Youcanconfigureupto5databasesineachstoragegroup,foramaximumnumberof20databasesonasingleserver.WithpreviousversionsofExchange,onestoragegroupexistsperMicrosoftWebStorageSystemthatcanhaveasmanyastwodatabases（Pub.edbandPriv.edb）.OnWebStorageSystem,databasescanbemountedanddismountedindividually.Thisflexibilityallowsyoutorestoreorperformmaintenanceonindividualdatabaseswhileothersarerunning.

Windows 2000BackupUtility（NTBackup.exe）

InExchange 2000,youusetheWindows 2000backuputility（NTBackup.exe）tobackupWindows 2000andExchange 2000data.ForgeneralinformationaboutWindows 2000Backup,seetheWindows 2000Serverdocumentation.

Important   DonotusetheversionofNTBackup.exeincludedwithWindows 2000version5.0.2172.1tobackupExchange 2000data.WhenyoubackupExchange,youmustuseWindows 2000version 5.0.2195.1117orlater.BeforeyoubackuporrestoreyourExchangeserverdata,downloadthelatestversionofNTBackupfromtheExchange 2000Website.NTBackup.exeisdiscussedthroughoutthisarticle.

BackingUpMultipleDatabases

YoucanconfigureWindows 2000BackuptobackupallExchangedatabasesonanExchangeserver,oryoucanconfigureittobackupaspecificsetofdatabasesorstoragegroups.YoucanchoosetorestoreallofthemessaginginformationonyourExchangeserverortorestoreanindividualdatabaseorstoragegroup.

Althoughyoucanbackupallofyourdatabasesindividually,itisrecommendedthatyoubackupanentirestoragegroupatonetime.Ifyoubackupdatabasesindividually,youalsobackuplogfilesmultipletimesintheprocess.

Important   WhenyoubackupandrestoreExchange 2000databases,youcannotrunmultiplebackuporrestoreprocessesinasinglestoragegroup.See“RestoringMultipleDatabasesinaSingleStorageGroup”laterinthisarticleformoreinformation.

Exchange2000ServerClusters

Theclusteringprocessallowsyoutomanageagroupofindependentserversasasinglesystem.Theseservershaveindividualmemory,processors,networkadapters,andasharedstoragemedium,forexample,redundantarrayofindependentdisks（RAID）.TheclusterofserversmusthaveidenticalprocessorsandthesameamountofRAM.Youconnectthesecomputersbyusinganetworkcablethatputsthemincontinuouscontactwitheachother.Ifaserverfails,theothermembersoftheclustertakeoverthefailedserver’sclients.Whenthisoccurs,thereisabrieftimeduringwhichyouruserscannotconnecttothenetwork.FullExchangeserverfunctionalityresumeswhentheotherclusternodetakesover.

OneormoreExchangevirtualserverscanexistinthecluster,andeachvirtualserverrunsononeofthenodesinthecluster.Exchangecansupportmultiplevirtualserversonasinglenode.Clientsconnecttothevirtualserversinthesamewaythattheyconnecttoastand-aloneserver.

BackingUpExchange 2000ServerInformation

TosuccessfullybackupthedataonyourExchange 2000servers,ensurethatyourbackupplaniscomplete.Defineabackupstrategyandthedatayouneedtobackup,verifytheintegrityofyourconfigurationdata,andconsidertimerequirementsforbackingupyourserverdata.IfyourExchangeserverispartofaservercluster,youalsoneedtoknowhowtobackupdataonaclusterservernode.

CreatingaBackupPlan

Yourbackupstrategydeterminesyourrestorestrategy.Theseoperationscannotbeplannedseparately.Whenyoucreateabackupstrategy,youshouldalsoconsiderthetimeittakestorestore.Makesurethatyouhaveenoughcapacityonyourharddrivetorestoreboththedatabaseandthelogfiles.Afullweeklybackup,plusoneweekoftransactionallogfiles,mightbemorethanyourservercanstore.Thisdependsonhowmanylogfilesaregeneratedduringaweek.Forexample,ifyourservergenerates2,000logfilesinaweek,thisamountsto10GBoflogfilespace,inadditiontothespacerequiredbythedatabase.

BackupTypes

YoucanuseWindows 2000Backuptoperformdifferenttypesofbackups:

full,copy,incremental,anddifferential.Thetypeofbackupyouperformdependsontheimportanceofthedatayoustore.Eachofthebackuptypeshasadvantagesanddisadvantagesintermsofdatastorage,performance,andtimerequirements.Therearetwogeneralbackupmethods:

onlineandoffline.

Note   Consultthewhitepapersavailableatforcompleteinformationonallbackuptypes.Thebackupandrestorewhitepaperswillhelpyouunderstandhoweachbackuptypeworks.TheywillalsohelpyouselectappropriatebackuptypesforyourExchangeorganization.ThefundamentalprinciplesofthevariousbackuptypeshaveremainedconsistentamongpreviousversionsofExchangeandExchange 2000.

OnlineBackups

Anonlinebackupallowsthedatabasetocontinuerunningwhileyouarebackingupdata.Theadvantageofanonlinebackupisthatusersarenotaffecte