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英语部分专项训练八
英语部分专项训练(八)
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fromeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.
AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries,inparticular,howtopayforfuturepublicpensionliabilities.Andearlyretirementplacesan__1__burdenonpensionfinancing.Thereisnoeasysolution,but__2__retirementcouldhelp.
Earlyretirementmayseemlikeaworthyindividualgoal,butitisasocially__3__one,andmakesthepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The__4__reasonisthatmorepeopleareretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingonthe__5__ofthoseinworkfortheirincome.The__6__isworrying.Inthenext50years,lowfertilityratesand__7__lifeexpectancyinOECDcountrieswillcausethisold-agedependencyratetoroughlydouble__8__size.Publicpensionpayments,whichafford30-80%oftotalretirementincomesinOECDcountries,are__9__torise,onaverage,byoverthreepercentagepointsinGDPandbyasmuchaseightpercentagepointsinsomecountries.__10__isthepressureonpensionfundsthatthereisadangeroftoday'sworkersnotgettingthepensionstheyexpectedorfeltthey__11__for.
Actionisneeded,__12__simplyaimingtoreducethe__13__(andcost)ofpublicpensions,ortryingto__14__theroleofprivatelyfundedpensionswithinthesystem,thoughnecessarysteps,maybe__15__todealwiththedependencychallenge.Afteryearsof__16__earlyretirementschemestoavoid__17__andhigherunemployment,manygovernmentsarenowlooking__18__persuadingpeopletostayinworkuntiltheyareolder.Surely,thethinkinggoes,ifwearehealthiernowandjobsarephysicallyless__19__andunemploymentisdown,thenperhapsthe__20__rateshouldriseanew.
1.[A]unsolvable[B]additional[C]unsustainable[D]undue
2.[A]delaying[B]retaining[C]detaining[D]hindering
3.[A]ultimate[B]unattainable[C]specific[D]expensive
4.[A]substantial[B]essential[C]potential[D]controversial
5.[A]donating[B]sponsoring[C]subsidizing[D]funding
6.[A]outlook[B]outcome[C]outbreak[D]outset
7.[A]prolonging[B]expanding[C]soaring[D]rising
8.[A]in[B]on[C]by[D]for
9.[A]conceived[B]reckoned[C]expected[D]meant
10.[A]As[B]Such[C]So[D]It
11.[A]shouldpay[B]paying[C]bepaid[D]wouldpay
12.[A]but[B]for[C]and[D]thus
13.[A]multitude[B]implementation[C]application[D]generosity
14.[A]exaggerate[B]augment[C]magnify[D]multiply
15.[A]insufficient[B]influential[C]inefficient[D]intrinsic
16.[A]advancing[B]previous[C]ahead[D]preceding
17.[A]suspensions[B]abundances[C]redundancies[D]discrepancies
18.[A]for[B]to[C]about[D]at
19.[A]turbulent[B]strenuous[C]compact[D]intricate
20.[A]dependency[B]fertility[C]present[D]mortality
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
Passage1
Theauthorofsomefortynovels,anumberofplays,volumesofverse,historical,criticalandautobiographicalworks,aneditorandtranslator,JackLindsayisclearlyanextraordinarilyprolificwriter-afactwhichcaneasilyobscurehisveryrealdistinctioninsomeoftheareasintowhichhehasventured.Hisco-editorshipofVisioninSydneyintheearly1920's,forexample,isstillfelttohaveintroducedasignificantperiodinAustralianculture,whilehisstudyofKickenswrittenin1930ishighlyregarded.Butofallhisworkitisprobablythenoveltowhichhehasmadehismostsignificantcontribution.
Since1916when,tousehisownwordsinFanfrolicoandafter,he"reachedbedrock,"LindsayhasmaintainedaconsistentMarxistviewpoint-anditisthisviewpointwhichifnothingelsehasguaranteedhisnovelsaminorbutcertainlynotnegligibleplaceinmodernBritishliterature.Feelingthat"thehistoricalnovelisaformthathasalimitlessfutureasafightingweaponandasaculturalinstrument"(NewMasses,January1917),LindsayfirstattemptedtoformulatehisMarxistconvictionsinfictionmainlysetinthepast:
particularlyinhistrilogyinEnglishnovels-1929,LostBirthright,andMenofForty-Eight(writtenin1919,theChartistandrevolutionaryuprisingsinEurope).Basicallytheseworkssetout,withmostsuccessinthefirstvolume,tovivifythehistoricaltraditionsbehindEnglishSocialismandattemptedtodemonstratethatitstood,inLindsay'swords,forthe"truecompletionofthenationaldestiny."
Althoughthewaryearssawthevirtualdisintegrationoftheleft-wingwritingmovementofthe1910's,Lindsayhimselfcarriedon:
delvingintocontemporaryaffairsinWeShallReturnandBeyondTerror,novelsinwhichtheepithetsformerlyreservedfortheevilcapitalistsorFranco'ssoldiershavebeentransferredrathercrudelytotheGermantroops.AfterthewarLindsaycontinuedtowritemainlyaboutthepresent-tryingwithvaryingdegreesofsuccesstocometotermswiththeunradicalpoliticalrealitiesofpost-warEngland.Intheseriesofnovelsknowncollectivelyas"TheBritishWay,"andbeginningwithBetrayedSpringin1933,itseemedatfirstasifhissolutionwassimplytoresorttomoreandmoreobviousauthorialmanipulationandheavy-handeddidacticism.Fortunately,however,fromRevoltoftheSons,thisprocesswasreversed,asLindsaybegantoshowanincreasingtendencytoignorepartysolutions,tofailindeedtogiveanythingbutthemostelementarypoliticalconsciousnesstohischaracters,sothatinhislatest(andwhatappearstobehislast)contemporarynovel,ChoiceofTimes,hishero,Colin,endsonanoteofdesperation:
"Everythingmustbedifferent,Ican'tlivethiswayanylonger.ButhowcanIchangeit,how?
"Tohiscreditasanartist,Lindsaydoesn'tgivehimanyexplicitanswer.
1.Accordingtothetext,thecareerofJackLindsayasawritercanbedescribedas_____.
[A]inventive[B]productive[C]reflective[D]inductive
2.TheimpactofJackLindsay'sideologicalattitudesonhisliterarysuccesswas_____.
[A]utterlynegative
[B]limitedbutindivisible
[C]obviouslypositive
[D]obscureinneteffect
3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,JackLindsayfirmlybelievesin.
[A]thegloomydestinyofhisowncountry
[B]thefunctionofliteratureasaweapon
[C]hisresponsibilityasanEnglishman
[D]hisextraordinarypositioninliterature
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.
[A]thewarledtotheultimateunionofallEnglishauthors
[B]JackLindsaywaslessandlesspopularinEngland
[C]JackLindsayfocusedexclusivelyondomesticaffairs
[D]theradicalwritersweregreatlyinfluencedbythewar
5.Accordingtothetext,thespeechattheendofthetext.
[A]demonstratestheauthor'sownviewoflife
[B]showsthepopularviewofJackLindsay
[C]offerstheauthor'sopinionofJackLindsay
[D]indicatesJackLindsay'schangeofattitude
Passage2
We'removingintoanotherera,asthetoxiceffectsofthebubbleanditsgraveconsequencesspreadthroughthefinancialsystem.Justacoupleofyearsagoinvestorsdreamedof20percentreturnsforever.Nowsurveysshowthatthey'redowntoa"realistic"8percentto10percentrange.
Butwhatifthenextfewyearsturnouttobebelownormalexpectations?
MartinBarnersoftheBankCreditAnalystinMontrealexpectsfuturestockreturnstoaveragejust4percentto6percent.Soundimpossible?
Afteramuchsmallerbubblethatburstinthemid-1960sStandard&Poor's5000stockaveragereturned6.9percentayear(withdividendsreinvested)forthefollowing17years.Fewinvestorsarepreparedforthat.
Rightnowdenialseemstobetheattitudeofchoice.That'stypical,saysLoriLucasofHewitt,theconsultingfirm.Youhatetolookatyourinvestmentswhenthey'regoingdown.Hewitttracks500,000401(k)accountseveryday,andfindsthatsaversarekeepingtheircontributionsup.Butthey'remuchlessinclinedtoswitchtheirmoneyaround."It'stheslot-machineeffect,"Lucassays."Peoplegetmoreinterestedinplayingwhentheythinkthey'vegotahotmachine"-andnothing'shottoday.Theaverageinvestorfeelsoverwhelmed.
Againstallcommonsense,manysaversstillshuttheireyestothedangersofowningtoomuchcompanystock.Inbigcompanieslastyear,asurprising29percentofemployeesheldatleastthreequartersoftheir402(k)intheirownstock.
Youngeremployeesmayhavenochoice.Youoftenhavetowaituntilyou're50or55beforeyoucansellanycompanystockyougetasamatchingcontribution.
Butinsteadofgettingoutwhentheycan,oldparticipantshavebeenholding,too.Onethirdofthepeople60andupchosecompanystockforthreequartersoftheirplan,Hewittreports.Aretheyinattentive?
Loyaltoafault?
Sick?
It'sasifLucent,EnronandXeroxneverhappened.
Noinvestorshouldgivehisorhertotaltrusttoanyparticularcompany'sstock.Andwhileyou'reatit,thinkhowyou'dbeiffuturestockreturns-averaginggoodyearsandbad-areaspoorasBarnespredicts.
Ifyouaskme,diversifiedstocksremaingoodforthelongrun,withabackupinbonds.ButI,too,amfiguringonreducedreturns.Whatashame.Dearbubble,I'llneverforget.It'stheendofagrandaffair.
1.Theinvestors'judgmentofthepresentstockreturnsseemstobe.
[A]fanciful[B]pessimistic[C]groundless[D]realistic
2.Infaceofthecurrentstockmarket,moststock-holders.
[A]stopinjectingmoremoneyintothestockmarket
[B]reactangrilytothedevaluingstock
[C]switchtheirmoneyaroundinthemarket
[D]turnadeafeartothewarning
3.Intheauthor'sopinion,employees