Delphi XE 泛型使用全集队 栈 字典 列表 对象列表.docx
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DelphiXE泛型使用全集队栈字典列表对象列表
详测GenericsCollectionsTQueue
usesGenerics.Collections;
procedureTForm1.Button1Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Queue:
TQueue;
s,str:
string;
List:
TList;
begin
Queue:
=TQueue.Create（）;
{入列}
Queue.Enqueue（'AAA'）;
Queue.Enqueue（'BBB'）;
Queue.Enqueue（'CCC'）;
Queue.Enqueue（'DDD'）;
{查看}
str:
='';
forsinQueuedostr:
=str+s+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{AAABBBCCCDDD}
{出列,并查看出列元素}
ShowMessage（Queue.Dequeue）;{AAA}
str:
='';
forsinQueuedostr:
=str+s+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{BBBCCCDDD}
{查看下一个将要出列的是...}
ShowMessage（Queue.Peek）;{BBB}
Queue.Free;
//从TList建立TQueue
List:
=TList.Create（）;
List.AddRange（['AA','BB','CC']）;
Queue:
=TQueue.Create（List）;
str:
='';
forsinQueuedostr:
=str+s+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{AABBCC}
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Queue.Count））;{3}
Queue.Clear;
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Queue.Count））;{0}
//Queue.TrimExcess;{TrimExcess方法在Queue好像没有存在的意义}
List.Free;
Queue.Free;
end;
详测GenericsCollectionsTQueue（3）:
OnNotify、Extract
//usesGenerics.Collections;
{准备给TQueue.OnNotify调用的事件过程}
procedureTForm1.MyQueueNotify（Sender:
TObject;constItem:
Integer;
Action:
TCollectionNotification）;
begin
caseActionof
cnAdded :
ShowMessageFmt（'Add:
%d',[Item]）;
cnRemoved :
ShowMessageFmt（'Remove:
%d',[Item]）;
cnExtracted:
ShowMessageFmt（'Extract:
%d',[Item]）;
end;
end;
procedureTForm1.Button1Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Queue:
TQueue;
begin
Queue:
=TQueue.Create（）;
Queue.OnNotify:
=MyQueueNotify;
Queue.Enqueue（11）;{Add:
11}
Queue.Enqueue（22）;{Add:
22}
Queue.Enqueue（33）;{Add:
33}
Queue.Dequeue; {Remove:
11}
//Extract和Dequeue功能一致,区别只是在驱动OnNotify事件时传递的参数有区别,没多大意义
Queue.Extract; {Extract:
22}
//Queue.OnNotify:
=nil;
Queue.Free; {Remove:
33}
end;
详测GenericsCollectionsTStack
（1）:
Push、Pop、Peek-其他功能同TQueue
usesGenerics.Collections;
procedureTForm1.Button1Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Stack:
TStack;
s,str:
string;
begin
Stack:
=TStack.Create（）;
{压栈}
Stack.Push（'AAA'）;
Stack.Push（'BBB'）;
Stack.Push（'CCC'）;
str:
='';
forsinStackdostr:
=str+s+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{AAABBBCCC}
{出栈:
后进的先出}
Stack.Pop;
str:
='';
forsinStackdostr:
=str+s+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{AAABBB}
{下一个将要出栈的...}
ShowMessage（Stack.Peek）;{BBB}
Stack.Free;
end;
详测GenericsCollectionsTDictionary
（1）:
usesGenerics.Collections;
procedureTForm1.Button1Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Dictionary:
TDictionary;
K:
string;
V:
Integer;
str:
string;
b:
Boolean;
T:
Integer;
ds:
TDictionary.TPairEnumerator;
ks:
TDictionary.TKeyEnumerator;
vs:
TDictionary.TValueEnumerator;
begin
Dictionary:
=TDictionary.Create（）;
{添加}
Dictionary.Add（'n1',111）;
Dictionary.Add（'n2',222）;
Dictionary.Add（'n3',333）;
{访问}
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary['n2']））; {222}
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary.Items['n2']））;{222}
{遍历Keys}
str:
='';
forKinDictionary.Keysdostr:
=str+K+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{n2n3n1}//顺序乱了?
{遍历Values}
str:
='';
forVinDictionary.Valuesdostr:
=str+IntToStr（V）+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{222333111}
{通过Keys遍历Values}
str:
='';
forKinDictionary.Keysdostr:
=str+IntToStr（Dictionary[K]）+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{222333111}
{删除}
Dictionary.Remove（'n1'）;
str:
='';
forKinDictionary.Keysdostr:
=str+IntToStr（Dictionary[K]）+'';
ShowMessage（str）;{222333}
{取数量、清空}
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary.Count））;{2}
Dictionary.Clear;
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary.Count））;{0}
{判断指定的Key是否存在}
b:
=Dictionary.ContainsKey（'n1'）;
ShowMessage（BoolToStr（b,True））; {True}
b:
=Dictionary.ContainsKey（'n4'）;
ShowMessage（BoolToStr（b,True））; {False}
{判断指定的Value是否存在}
b:
=Dictionary.ContainsValue（111）;
ShowMessage（BoolToStr（b,True））; {True}
b:
=Dictionary.ContainsValue（999）;
ShowMessage（BoolToStr（b,True））; {False}
{使用AddOrSetValue时,如果Key存在则替换值;此时如果用Add将发生异常}
Dictionary.AddOrSetValue（'n1',123）;
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary['n1']））;{123}
{使用AddOrSetValue时,如果Key不存在则同Add}
Dictionary.AddOrSetValue（'n4',444）;
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary['n4']））;{444}
{尝试取值}
ifDictionary.TryGetValue（'n2',T）then
ShowMessage（IntToStr（T））;{222}
ds:
=Dictionary.GetEnumerator;
whileds.MoveNextdoShowMessageFmt（'%s:
%d',[ds.Current.Key,ds.Current.Value]）;
{n2:
222 n3:
333 n1:
111}
ks:
=Dictionary.Keys.GetEnumerator;
whileks.MoveNextdoShowMessageFmt（'%s',[ks.Current]）;
{n2 n3 n1}
vs:
=Dictionary.Values.GetEnumerator;
whilevs.MoveNextdoShowMessageFmt（'%d',[vs.Current]）;
{222 333 111}
{ExtractPair应是提取元素,但它的返回值有些问题;该函数源码有待修改}
Dictionary.ExtractPair（'n1'）;
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary.Count））;{2}
Dictionary.Free;
end;
详测GenericsCollectionsTDictionary（4）:
OnKeyNotify、OnValueNotify
interface
uses
Generics.Collections;
implementation
procedureTForm1.KeyNotify（Sender:
TObject;constItem:
string;
Action:
TCollectionNotification）;
begin
caseActionof
cnAdded :
ShowMessageFmt（'Key_Add:
%s',[Item]）;
cnRemoved :
ShowMessageFmt（'Key_Remove:
%s',[Item]）;
cnExtracted:
ShowMessageFmt（'Key_Extract:
%s',[Item]）;
end;
end;
procedureTForm1.ValueNotify（Sender:
TObject;constItem:
Integer;
Action:
TCollectionNotification）;
begin
caseActionof
cnAdded :
ShowMessageFmt（'Value_Add:
%d',[Item]）;
cnRemoved :
ShowMessageFmt（'Value_Remove:
%d',[Item]）;
cnExtracted:
ShowMessageFmt（'Value_Extract:
%d',[Item]）;
end;
end;
procedureTForm1.Button1Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Dictionary:
TDictionary;
begin
Dictionary:
=TDictionary.Create（）;
Dictionary.OnKeyNotify:
=KeyNotify;
Dictionary.OnValueNotify:
=ValueNotify;
Dictionary.Add（'n1',111）;{Key_Add:
n1; Value_Add:
111}
Dictionary.Add（'n2',222）;{Key_Add:
n2; Value_Add:
222}
Dictionary.AddOrSetValue（'n1',123）;{Value_Remove:
111; Value_Add:
123}
Dictionary.Remove（'n1'）; {Key_Remove:
n1; Value_Remove:
111}
Dictionary.ExtractPair（'n2'）;{Key_Extract:
n2; Value_Extract:
222}
Dictionary.OnKeyNotify:
=nil;
Dictionary.OnValueNotify:
=nil;
Dictionary.Free;
end;
详测GenericsCollectionsTDictionary（5）:
多种Create手段
usesGenerics.Collections,Generics.Defaults;
//Create可以指定元素数,这样可以提前分配空间以加快速度
procedureTForm1.Button1Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Dictionary:
TDictionary;
begin
Dictionary:
=TDictionary.Create（3）;
Dictionary.Add（'n1',111）;
Dictionary.Add（'n2',222）;
Dictionary.Add（'n3',333）;
Dictionary.Free;
end;
//Create可以有一个IEqualityComparer参数,用于判断Key怎样才是相同
procedureTForm1.Button2Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Dictionary:
TDictionary;
EqualityComparer:
IEqualityComparer;{相等对比器}
begin
{通过IEqualityComparer让TDictionary的Key忽略大小写}
EqualityComparer:
=TEqualityComparer.Construct（
function（constLeft,Right:
string）:
Booleanbegin
Result:
=LowerCase（Left）=LowerCase（Right）;
end,
function（constValue:
string）:
Integerbegin
Result:
=StrToIntDef（Value,0）;{我暂时不知道这个函数的作用,随便写的}
end
）;
Dictionary:
=TDictionary.Create（EqualityComparer）;
Dictionary.Add（'n1',111）;
Dictionary.Add（'n2',222）;
Dictionary.Add（'n3',333）;
{如果不是如上建立,下面这句将会产生一个新元素,而不是更新n1的值}
Dictionary.AddOrSetValue（'N1',123）;
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary['n1']））;{123}
Dictionary.Free;
end;
//Create可以同时指定上面两个参数
procedureTForm1.Button3Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Dictionary:
TDictionary;
EqualityComparer:
IEqualityComparer;
begin
EqualityComparer:
=TEqualityComparer.Construct（
function（constLeft,Right:
string）:
Booleanbegin
Result:
=LowerCase（Left）=LowerCase（Right）;
end,
function（constValue:
string）:
Integerbegin
Result:
=StrToIntDef（Value,0）;
end
）;
Dictionary:
=TDictionary.Create（9,EqualityComparer）;
Dictionary.Add（'n1',111）;
Dictionary.AddOrSetValue（'N1',123）;
ShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary['n1']））;{123}
{指定元素数后,用不了的可以释放}
Dictionary.TrimExcess;
Dictionary.Free;
end;
//可通过另一个TDictionary建立一个新的TDictionary
procedureTForm1.Button4Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Dictionary,DictionaryTmp:
TDictionary;
pair:
TPair;
begin
DictionaryTmp:
=TDictionary.Create（）;
DictionaryTmp.Add（'n1',111）;
DictionaryTmp.Add（'n2',222）;
DictionaryTmp.Add（'n3',333）;
{通过另一个TDictionary建立}
Dictionary:
=TDictionary.Create（DictionaryTmp）;
{遍历看看}
forpairinDictionarydoShowMessage（IntToStr（Dictionary[pair.Key]））;
{222333111}
DictionaryTmp.Free;
Dictionary.Free;
end;
//通过另一个TDictionary建立时,可同时再指定"相等对比器"
procedureTForm1.Button5Click（Sender:
TObject）;
var
Dictionary,DictionaryTmp:
TDictionary;
pair:
TPair;
EqualityComparer:
IEqualityComparer;
begin
DictionaryTmp:
=TDictionary.Create（）;
DictionaryTmp.Add（'n1',111）;
DictionaryTmp.Add（'n2',222）;
DictionaryTmp.Add（'n3',333）;
{再做个对比器}
EqualityComparer:
=TEqualityComparer.Construct（
function（constLeft,Right:
string）:
Booleanbegin
Result:
=LowerCase（Left）=LowerCase（Right）;
end,
function（constValue:
string）:
Integerbegin
Result:
=
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