牛津译林版八年级下册现在完成时用法讲解和配套练习含答案.docx
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牛津译林版八年级下册现在完成时用法讲解和配套练习含答案
现在完成时
（一）
一、现在完成时的含义
1.表示过去已完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与“already”、“yet”、“just”等连用；
e.g.Hehasalreadyhadbreakfast.（现在饱了）
2.也可表示过去发生（开始）的动作持续到现在，常与“since”自从、“for”等连用。
e.g.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.
3.表示一个过去的动作直到现在发生的次数。
e.g.Ihavealreadyreadthisbookthreetimes.
二、现在完成时的构成（提问）
1）现在完成时的肯定句
句型主语（第一、二人称单/复数）+have+过去分词
主语（第三人称复数）+have+过去分词
主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词
have（has）为助动词
e.g.Hehasalreadyhadhislunch.
e.g.Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.
2）现在完成时的否定句
句型主语+have/hasnot（haven't/hasn't）+过去分词
e.g.Ihavenotseenthemovieyet.
e.g.Shehasn’teatenit.
3）现在完成时的一般疑问句
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+…？
e.g.Haveyoufinishedthework?
e.g.Hasshearrivedhere?
e.g.Havetheyeatensupper?
三、过去分词的构成
A.规则动词的过去分词（参照动词的过去式变化规则）
B.不规则动词的过去分词（书P122-123）
四、
用法1：
表示过去开始的动作或状态已经结束，但是对现在有影响。
这种用法常与already,just,yet,ever,never,times（次数）等连用.
e.g.Look!
Theblackboardissocleannow.
Hehasalreadycleanedtheblackboard.
现在完成时的时间副词:
1）副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
e.g.Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.
2）副词ever和never。
多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
e.g.HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
你曾经去过长城吗?
3）用just表示到说话时为止的时间状语,
e.g.Ihavejustseenher,butIdon’tknowwheresheisnow.
注意：
当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yet.
e.g.Ihavedonemyhomeworkalready.
Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.
用法2.:
表示过去的动作一直持续到现在甚至未来的时间状语:
since,for
过去的时间点since1990,sincelastyear
现在完成时+since+时间段+agosincethreeyearsago
句子（一般过去时）sinceIwenttoschool
e.g.HehasgonetoBeijingsince3yearsago.
现在完成时+for+一段时间forthreeyears
e.g.IhavestudiedEnglishfortenyears.
【例题解析】
1）Hehasnever_______apenbefore.
A.loseB.toloseC.lostD.losing
2）误：
Thetwinshavenotgothomealready.
正：
Thetwinshavenotgothomeyet.
解析：
本题主要考查yet与already的用法区别，两个词都是副词，常与完成时态连用。
yet用于否定句和疑问句，提通常置于句尾；already常用于肯定句，当用于疑问句时，表示惊讶或希望得到肯定的答复，不用于否定句中，它可以在主要动词之前，也可置于句末。
3）Jimhasbeenatthefactory_________twoyearsago.
A.forB.sinceC.beforeD.after
4）误:
Isawthefilmtwicealready.
正:
I’veseenthefilmtwicealready.
解析；本题主要是一般过去时态与现在完成时态的概念错误。
这电影我已看过两遍，说明我现在对电影内容很了解，故要用现在完成时态。
5）______you_____yourwatch?
-----no,______.
A.Did,findout,Ididn’tB.Have,found,notyet
C.Have,lookedfor,Ihaven’tD..did,find,notyet
答案选“B”。
全句应用现在完成时，强调到现在为止的情况“是否找到了手表”，答语；Notyet相当于说Ihaven’tfoundityet.
6）Ihaveneverseenthefilm______.
A.agoB.justnowC.beforeD.later
答案选“C”。
动词时态为现在完成时，与之搭配的词必须是Ever,never,already,yet,before,recently等词。
而ago,justnow等只能用于一般过去时句子中，用later意思不通
【专项练习】
一、单项选择题
1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
2.Ihavefinishedmyhomework______.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework______?
A.yet,yetB.yet,alreadyC.already,yetD.already,already
3. Jane has _____ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
5.---Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?
---I will. I _____her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress!
How long _____ you _____ it?
-Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7.---Do you know Lydia very well?
---Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have beenD. have turned
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9.--- Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
--- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
10. ---____ you ever ____ to the US?
--- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.She’s________（live）hereeversinceshewasten.
2.Bothof them ___________ （be） in HongKong for ten days.
3.MissWang__________（teach）usEnglishlastyear.
4. Half an hour __________ （pass） since the train __________ （leave）.
5. Mary________（lose） her pen. ________ you _______（see） it here and there?
6. _________ you _____ （find） your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty?
---No. I _________just _________ （have） some orange.
8. We ______ already _________ （return） the book.
9. ________ they _______ （build） a new school in the village?
10. I _____________（not finish） my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father _____ （read） the novel twice.
12. I _________ （buy） a book just now.
13. I _________ （lost ） my watch yesterday.
14..Thetrain____________（arrive）inhalfanhour.
15._________heever________（be）toBeijing?
参考答案
一、单项选择题
1.D2.C3.B4.B5.B6.D7.C8.C9.B10.B
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空.
1. lived 2. have been 3. taught4. has passed; left 5. has lost ; have seen
6. Have , found 7. have , had 8. have , returned 9. Have , built
10. haven’t finished 11. has read 12. bought 13. lost
14..willarrive15.Hasbeen
现在完成时
（二）
考点一：
havegoneto+地点,表示“去了某地”。
（人已走，尚未回。
）
havebeento+地点,表示“去过某地”。
（人已回）。
例：
HehasbeentotheGreatWalltwice.
HehasgonetotheGreatWall.
例：
杰克不在这，他去图书馆了。
我的叔叔去上海了，他将在那待一个星期。
考点二：
延续性动词和终止性动词
①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。
例：
我离开家乡已有10年了。
误：
Ihaveleftmyhometownfor10years.
正：
Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfor10years.
②在否定句中，终止性动词可与一段时间连用。
Ihaven’tseenTomforsomeyears.
Ihaven’tboughtanythingforthreemonths.
③终止性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用下列三种方法：
a.将终止性动词转化为延续性动词
终止性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
beopen
close
beclosed
begin/start
beon
come/go/arrive
Bein/at
finish/stop
beover
die
bedead
catchacold
haveacold
puton
wear
getup
beup
wakeup
beawake
fallasleep
beasleep
lose
nothave
join
bein
leave
beaway
marry
bemarried
b.将时间状语改为过去时间，而用一般过去时代替现在完成时
误：
Ihaveleftmyhometownfor10years.
正：
Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfor10years.
c.用句型“itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句（从句的用一般过去时）”表示。
（难点易错点）
例：
ItistenyearssinceIworkedinthisnewoffice.
It（be）overtendayssincethedog（die）.
巩固练习：
一、根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I___________（nothear）fromhimsincehelivedinShanghai.
2.Myfather______________（notcome）backyet.Mymotherisworriedabouthim.
3.He_____________（become）adoctorfortenyears.
4.Theshop______________（close）sincelastyear.
5.Hissister______________（catch）acoldtwodaysago.
6.Theyscreamed____________（excite）whentheysawthesinger.
二、单项选择。
1.ThisoldcarbelongstoMrsLee.She____________itforover10years.
A.hashadB.hasborrowedC.boughtD.sold
2.Alotoffishintheriver___________becausethere______________lotsofpollution.
A.hasdied;isB.havedied;isC.hasdied;areD.havedied;are
3.IremembershewenttoHainan____________lastmonth.
A.attheendB.attheendofC.intheendD.intheendof
4.Ourschool-___________fornearly10years;wewillcelebrateitsbirthdaysoon.
A.wasopenedB.hasbeenopenedC.hasbeenopenD.wasopen
5.UncleLi___________Nanjingforaweek.
A.hasarrivedinB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hascometo
6.Tom________theCDplayerfortwoweeks.
A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad
7.--Whothecomputer?
Iwanttouseit.
--Timmy.He__________itforaweek.
A.borrowed;hasborrowedB.hasborrowed;bought
C.hasborrowed;haskeptD.bought;hasborrowed
8.--WhereisMrBrown?
Ihavesomequestionstoaskhim.
--He________theoffice.
A.hasbeentoB.hasbeenin
C.hasgonetoD.hasgonein
9.Hehasn'ttoNewYork,buthe'llgothissummer.
A.gone;stillB.been;yetC.gone;alreadyD.been;already
10.SimontheFootballClubsincelastyear.
A.hasbeeninB.hasjoined
C.hasbeenamemberofD.AandC
三、句型转换（同义句转换）。
1.MyfamilymovedtoNanjingin2015．
Myfamily___________________inNanjingsince2015．
2.MrBrownandhiswifehavebeenmarriedfor20years，
MrBrownandhiswife___________________20yearsago．
3．Heborrowedanovelfromtheschoollibrarytwodaysago．
He__________________anovelfromtheschoollibrarysincetwodaysago．
4.UncleSamarrivedinNanjinglastWednesday.
UncleSamhasinNanjinglastWednesday.
5.TheseconferencesstoppedlastSaturday.
TheseconferenceslastSaturday.
6.HiscousinPeterleftCanadatwodaysago.
HiscousinPeterCanadasincetwodaysago.
参考答案：
1.haven'theard2.hasn'tcome3.hasbeen4.hasbeenclosed5.caught6.excitedly
1.A2.B3.B4.C5.C6.D7.C8.C9.B10.D
1.havelived/been2.gotmarried3.haskept4.been；since
5.havebeenoversince6.hasbeenawayfrom
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