四级模拟卷.docx

四级模拟卷.docx

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四级模拟卷

大学英语4级考试

CollegeEnglishModelTestone

—BandFour—

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:

AidEducationinChina.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:

1.每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。

2.支教活动的意义。

3.我的看法。

提示:

在实考试卷中，该试题在答题卡1上。

Aid--EducationinChina

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswithinformationgiveninthepassage.

WillWeRunOutofWater?

Picturea“ghostship”sinkingintothesand,lefttorotondrylandbyarecedingsea.Thenimagineduststormssweepinguptoxicpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersfromthedryseabedandspewingthemacrosstownsandvillages.

Seemlikeascenefromamovieabouttheendoftheworld?

ForpeoplelivingneartheAralsea（咸海）inCentralAsia,it’salltooreal.Thirtyyearsago,governmentplannersdivertedtheriversthatflowintotheseainordertoirrigate（providewaterfor）farmland.Asaresult,theseahasshrunktohalfitsoriginalsize,stranding（使搁浅）shipsondryland.Theseawaterhastripledinsaltcontentandbecomepolluted,killingall24nativespeciesoffish.

Similarlarge--scaleeffortstoredirectwaterinotherpartsoftheworldhavealsoendedinecologicalcrisis,accordingtonumerousenvironmentalgroups.Butmanycountriescontinuetobuildmassivedamsandirrigationsystems,eventhoughsuchprojectscancreatemoreproblemsthantheyfix.Why?

Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldaredesperateforwater,andmorepeoplewillneedmorewaterinthenextcentury.

“Growingpopulationswillworsenproblemswithwater,”saysPeterH.Gleick,anenvironmentalscientistatthePacificInstituteforstudiesinDevelopment,Environment,andSecurity,aresearchorganizationinCalifornia.Hefearsthatbytheyear2025,asmanyasone--thirdoftheworld’sprojected（预测的）8.3billionpeoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

WHEREWATERGOES

Only2.5percentofallwateronEarthisfreshwater,watersuitablefordrinkingandgrowingfood,saysSandraPostel,directoroftheGlobalWaterPolicyProjectinAmherst,Mass.Two--thirdsofthisfreshwaterislockedinglaciers（冰山）andicecaps（冰盖）.Infact,onlyatinypercentageoffreshwaterispartofthewatercycle,inwhichwaterevaporatesandrisesintotheatmosphere,thencondensesandfallsbacktoEarthasprecipitation（rainorsnow）.

Someprecipitationrunsofflandtolakesandoceans,andsomebecomesgroundwater,waterthatseepsintotheearth.MuchofthisrenewablefreshwaterendsupinremoteplacesliketheAmazonriverbasininBrazil,wherefewpeoplelive.Infact,theworld’spopulationhasaccesstoonly12,500cubickilometersoffreshwater—abouttheamountofwaterinLakeSuperior（苏必利尔湖）.Andpeopleusehalfofthisamountalready.“Ifwaterdemandcontinuestoclimbrapidly,”saysPostel,“therewillbesevereshortagesanddamagetotheaquatic（水的）environment.”

CLOSETOHOME

Waterwoes（灾难）mayseemremotetopeoplelivinginrichcountriesliketheUnitedStates.ButAmericanscouldfaceseriouswatershortages,tooespeciallyinareasthatrelyongroundwater.Groundwateraccumulatesinaquifers（地下蓄水层），layersofsandandgravelthatliebetweensoilandbedrock.（Foreveryliterofsurfacewater,morethan90litersarehiddenunderground.）AlthoughtheUnitedStateshaslargeaquifers,farmers,ranchers,andcitiesaretappingmanyofthemforwaterfasterthannaturecanreplenish（补充）it.InnorthwestTexas,forexample,overpumpinghasshrunkgroundwatersuppliesby25percent,accordingtoPastel.

Americansmayfaceevenmoreurgentproblemsfrompollution.DrinkingwaterintheUnitedStatesisgenerallysafeandmeetshighstandards.Nevertheless,oneinfiveAmericanseverydayunknowinglydrinkstapwatercontaminatedwithbacteriaandchemicalwastes,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.InMilwaukee,400,000peoplefellillin1993afterdrinkingtapwatertaintedwithcryptosporidium（隐孢子虫），amicrobe（微生物）thatcausesfever,diarrhea（腹泻）andvomiting.

THESOURCE

Wheresocontaminantscomefrom?

Indevelopingcountries,peopledumpraw（未经处理的）sewage（污水）intothesamestreamsandriversfromwhichtheydrawwaterfordrinkingandcooking;about250millionpeopleayeargetsickfromwaterborne（饮水传染的）diseases.

Indevelopedcountries,manufacturersuse100,000chemicalcompoundstomakeawiderangeofproducts.Toxicchemicalspollutewaterwhenreleaseduntreatedintoriversandlakes.（Certaincompounds,suchaspolychlorinatedbiphenyls（多氯化联二苯），orPCBs,havebeenbannedintheUnitedStates.）

Butalmosteveryonecontributestowaterpollution.Peopleoftenpourhouseholdcleaners,carantifreeze,andpaintthinners（稀释剂）downthedrain;allofthesecontainhazardouschemicals.ScientistsstudyingwaterintheSanFranciscoBayreportedin1996that70percentofthepollutantscouldbetracedtohouseholdwaste.

Farmershavebeencriticizedforoverusingherbicidesandpesticides,chemicalsthatkillweedsandinsectsbutinsectsbutthatpollutewateraswell.Farmersalsousenitrates,nitrogen--richfertilizerthathelpsplantsgrowbutthatcanwreakhavoc（大破坏）ontheenvironment.Nitratesaresweptawaybysurfacerunofftolakesandseas.Toomanynitrates“overenrich”thesebodiesofwater,encouragingthebuildupofalgae,ormicroscopicplantsthatliveonthesurfaceofthewater.Algaedeprivethewaterofoxygenthatfishneedtosurvive,attimeschokingofflifeinanentirebodyofwater.

WHAT’STHESOLUTION?

WaterexpertGleickadvocatesconservationandlocalsolutionstowater--relatedproblems;governments,forinstance,wouldbebetteroffbuildingsmall--scaledamsratherthanhugeanddisruptiveprojectsliketheonethatruinedtheAralSea.

“Morethan1billionpeopleworldwidedon’thaveaccesstobasiccleandrinkingwater,”saysGleick.“Therehastobeastrongpushonthepartofeveryone—governmentsandordinarypeople—tomakesurewehavearesourcesofundamentaltolife.”

提示:

在实考试卷中，8-10题在答题卡1上。

1.ThatthehugewaterprojectshavedivertedtheriverscausestheAralSeatoshrink.

2.Theconstructionofmassivedamsandirrigationprojectsdoesmoregoodthanharm.

3.Thechiefcausesofwatershortagearepopulationgrowthandwaterpollution.

4.TheproblemsAmericansfaceconcerningwateraregroundwatershrinkageandtapwaterpollution.

5.Accordingtothepassageallwaterpollutantscomefromhouseholdwaste.

6.ThepeoplelivingintheUnitedStateswillnotbefacedwithwatershortages.

7.WaterexpertGleickhascomeupwiththebestsolutiontowater—relatedproblems.

8.AccordingtoPeterH.Gleick,bytheyear2025,asmanyasoftheworld’speoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

9.TwothirdsofthefreshwateronEarthislockedin.

10.Indevelopedcountries,beforetoxicchemicalsarereleasedintoriversandlakes,theyshouldbetreatedinordertoavoid.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

1.A.Summerjobs.B.Unemployment.C.CuttinggrassD.Lifeinhighschool.

2.A.Theirappointmentisatteno’clock.

B.Theprofessoriswaitingfortheircall.

C.Theyshouldcalltheprofessorafterthemeeting.

D.Theyshouldwaituntilthenextday.

3.A.Lostherjob.B.Busywithherchildren.

C.Busywithhernewjob.D.Herhusbandwon’tlethergothere.

4.A.Themanshouldworkinabandtogetmoney.

B.Themanshouldwithdrawallhismoneyfromthebank.

C.Themanshouldtrytoborrowmoneyfromhisfriend.

D.Themanshouldtrytogetaloanfromabank.

5.A.Theman.B.Thedoctor.C.Thewoman.D.Thewoman’suncle.

6.A.Asupermarket.B.Adrugstore.

C.Adepartmentstore.D.Acarrepairshop.

7.A.Theyshoulddefinitelydoit.

B.Theycan’tfindthemeanstodoit.

C.Itwouldbeameaninglessact.

D.Shehadmeanttodoitearlier.

8.A.Tothedoctor’soffice.B.ToTom’sbirthdayparty.

C.Tothelibrary.D.Totheclass.

Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A.Aclasspresentationthey’repreparing.

B.Atelevisionprogramthemaniswatching.

C.Visitingaclosefriendoftheirs.

D.Studyingforarest.

10.A.He’stakingabreakfromstudying.

B.Hehasalreadyfinishedstudying.

C.Hewasassignedtowatchaprogrambyhisprofessor.

D.He’sfindingoutsomeinformationforafriend.

11.A.BecauseElizabethisthewoman’sfriend.

B.BecauseElizabethisafamousstarinTV.

C.BecauseElizabethisgoodatlinearalgebra.

D.BecauseElizabethisthedreaming-girloftheman.

12.A.HeandElizabetharguedrecently.

B.HeheardElizabethdidpoorlyonthelasttest.

C.Hedoesn’twanttobotherElizabethsolateintheevening.

D.He’dratherstudyinhisowndormitory.

Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.