人教版八年级下册英语第一单元知识点.docx

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人教版八年级下册英语第一单元知识点

人教版英语八年级下Unit1What’sthematter?

一、重点单词及用法

1.foot-feet单复数的考察常用复数同:

tooth-teeth

eg:

Look,myf_____areverybig,butthenewshoesaresosmall.

2.stomach变复数词尾直接+sstomachs

eg:

Thechildrencan’teattoomuchice-creambecauseit’sbadfortheirs_______.

3.X-ray冠词考察无特指情况下用anX-ray

4.lie躺-lay〔过去式〕-lying〔现在分词〕躺liedown躺下

eg:

Theyare_______〔lie〕onthebeachandhavingagoodtime

5.passenger乘客复数passengers

eg:

Therewereten__________onthebusatthattime.

6.bandagen.绷带v.用绷带包扎

eg:

Canyouputthebandageonthecut?

〔改为同义句〕

Canyou_________yourself?

7.Kilo复数kilos

eg:

Howmany______oftomatoesdoyouwant?

8.knife复数knives

eg:

Don’tplaywith______.Theymaycutyourfingers.

9.deathn.死亡diev.死亡-died〔过去式〕-dying〔现在分词〕dead〔形容词死亡的〕

eg:

Thedog’s______madehimverysad.

10.sick生病的既可以作表语又可以做定语besick=beill

eg:

Wearegoingtovisit_______childreninhospital.

二、重点短语

haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒cough咳嗽liedown躺下

takeone’stemperature量体温haveafever发烧

take/havebreaks/abreak休息=take/havearestgetoff下车-geton上车

toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是rightaway马上马上=rightnow

getinto〔trouble〕陷入〔麻烦〕getsunburned被晒伤

beusedto〔doing〕习惯于适应于......takerisks/arisk去冒险

runout〔of〕用完用尽cutoff切除

getoutof离开从......出来beincontrolof掌管治理

giveup〔doing〕放弃〔做〕某事haveastomachache胃痛

getanX-ray做一个X射线检查thanksto......由于多亏

intime及时ontime准时thinkabout考虑thinkof认为

falldown摔倒makeadecision作决定

put......on......把....放在...上beinterestedin对...感兴趣

三、用法总结

1.needtodosth需要做某事

eg:

Theteacherneeds_____(rest)forafewminutes.

2.soundlike意为“听起来像〞后接n./adj./句子eg:

Itsoundslikeagoodidea.

类似的感官动词+like:

feellike/smelllike/looklike/tastelike/seemlike

sound+adj.结构中,sound是系动词意为“听起来是〞后接形容词eg:

Thatsoundsgreat.

3.without+n./doing〔v.现在分词〕Hewenttoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.

eg:

Helefttheclassroomwithout________anything

4.agreev.同意,赞成

agreewithsb/某人的意见看法Doessheagreewithus?

agreetodosth同意做某事Theyagreedtosolvetheproblem.

5.haveproblems(in)doingsth做某事有困难=havetrouble/difficulty(in)doing

haveproblemswithsth=havetrouble/difficultywithsth在某方面有困难

eg:

Oneofmygoodfriendssaidhehadproblems__________(learn)English.

6.be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事

eg:

Heusedtogetuplate,butnowheisusedtogettingupearly.

usedtodosth过去常常做某事〔现在不做了〕

eg:

HeusedtoreadEnglishintheevening.

usesthtodosth使用用某物做某事

eg:

Soheusedknifetocutoffhisarm.

beusedtodosth被动被用于做某事

eg:

Thesenewpensareusedtopaintthewall.

7.loseone’slife丧失生命saveone’slife挽救某人的生命

eg:

Helosthislifeinthecaraccident.

8.enoughadj.足够的充分的后接名词n.enoughmoney

adv.足够地修饰形容词/副词enough要后置

eg:

Thebookis_______,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney______it.

A.enoughinteresting;tobuyB.interestingenough;tobuy

C.interestingenough;buyingD.enoughinteresting;buying

9.theimportanceof(doing)sth〔做〕某事的重要性

importantadj.重要的unimportantadj.不重要的importancen.重要性

eg:

Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.

10.decisionn.决定makeadecision(todosth)

decidetodosth决定做某事decidenottodosth决定不做某事

eg:

TommadeadecisiontostudyEnglishwell.

11.giveup放弃

giveup是动词+副词结构接代词作宾语时代词放中间

eg:

Theproblemissodifficultforyou,butdon’t_______

A.giveitupB.giveitoutC.giveupitD.giveoutit

giveupdoingsth放弃做某事

eg:

Youwillbeverysadifyougiveup______(sing).

12.keep用法

keepondoingsth继续做某事〔中间有间隔强调重复性〕

eg:

Hekeptonstudyingthoughhewasverytired.

keepdoingsth继续不停地做某事〔不间断连续性〕

eg:

Keepwalkinguntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.

keepsbdoing让某人一直做某事

eg:

Don’tkeeptheotherstudentswaiting.

keepsbfromdoingsth阻挡某人做某事

eg:

Weshouldkeepthelittleboyfromsteppingonthegrass.

13.find用法

find找到,强调寻觅的结果lookfor强调寻觅过程findout找出查明

eg:

Iwaslookingformywatch,butIdidn’tfindit.

findsbdoingsth发觉某人正在做某事

eg:

WhenIwalkedalongtheroad,Ifoundanoldmanshoutingforhelp.

findit+adj形容词+todosth发觉做某事是...的

eg:

Shefoundithardtofinishtheworkbyherself.

14.takerisks=takearisk冒险Helikestakingrisks.

riskone’slifetodo冒着生命危险去做某事

eg:

Heriskedhislifetosavethechild.

riskdoingsth

eg:

ThemancalledTomoftenrisksflyingoverthesea.

四、短语辨析

1.seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事〔动作正在发生〕

seesbdosth看见某人做某事〔看到动作全过程或者经常看到动作发生〕

eg:

IsawtheboycryingwhenIpassedby〔路过〕.

类似的hear/watch/notice/find+sbdo/doingsth

thanksto多亏...由于....=withthehelpof/withone’shelp=becauseof

thanksfor因.......而感激强调感激的原因

eg:

Thankstomyteacher,Ipassedtheexam.

Thanksforyourhelp.Thanksforinvitingme.

2.intime及时表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生

ontime准时按时指正好在规定时间内

eg:

Thanksforcomingheretohelpmeintime.

Thetrainarrivedintothestationontime.火车准时进站了。

3.thinkabout考虑thinkof认为;想起

eg:

Ionlythoughtaboutsavingtheboywithoutthinkingaboutanything.

Thepicturemakesmethinkofmygrandfather.

WhatdoyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher?

=Howdoyoulikeyourteacher?

4.toomany;toomuch;muchtoo;

toomany;toomuch修饰名词toomany+可数名词;toomuch+不可数名词

eg:

toomanypeopletoomuchwater/homework

muchtoo修饰adj.形容词

eg:

Don’teat_____junkfood,oryouwillbe____fat.

A.muchtoo;toomuchB.toomany;toomanyC.toomuch;muchtooD.toomuch;toomany

5.interesting有趣的一般修饰物interested感兴趣的一般修饰人

习惯用法:

get/become/beinterestedinsth/doingsth对......感兴趣

eg:

Shebecameinterestedinsingingsongs.

Thestoryisinterestingandallofusareinterestedinit.

6.because连词后接句子

becauseof介词短语后接名词/动名词/代词

eg:

Ididn’tgooutlastnightbecauseoftheheavyrain.

=Ididn’tgooutlastnightbecauseitrainedheavily.

7.so...that...如此......以至于......引导结果状语从句

sothat以便,为了引导目的状语从句

eg:

Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tdressherself.〔结果〕

Theteacherspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhimclearly.〔目的〕

so+adj/adv+that从句=too+adj/adv+todosth〔太...而不能......〕

Sheistooyoungtodressherself.

8.beincontrolof操纵治理主动;反义词组-beoutofcontrol无法治理

beinthecontrolof被操纵治理在...的操纵之下被动.

eg:

Ateachermustbeincontrolofhisclass.

9.runoutof用完,用尽人作主语Wehaverunoutofourmoney.

runout用完,用尽物作主语主语一般为时间金钱Ourtimeisrunningout.

10.sick生病的,有病的可以作表语也可以做定语

ill生病的,有病的只可以作表语比拟级为worse最高级为worst

illness名词生病

eg:

Shecan’tgotoschoolbecausesheisill/becauseofherillness.

Pleasetakegoodcareofthesickboy.

11.expect/wish/hope

expect估计;期望,期望expecttodo/expectsbtodosth/expect+that从句

eg:

Heexpectstowintheprize.

wish期望;祝愿可能性较小wishtodosth/wishsbtodosth/

eg:

Iwishtoflyinthesky.

hope可能性较大期望hopetodosth/hope+that从句

〔没有hopesbtodosth〕

eg:

Ihopetoseeyousoon.

12.getoff下车geton上车多指从公交车火车飞机下来空间大的交通工具

getoutof从...出来getin上去指上下小型交通工具汽车出租车

eg:

LucyisgettingonthebuswhileIamgettingoff.

13.fall(fell)down与falloff

falldown意为“倒下〞,在平面摔倒;falloff意为“跌落〞强调从某处掉了下来

联系falldownfrom〔从......摔下〕=falloff

eg:

Whenthelittlegirlranacrossthestreet,shefelldown

Hefelloffthebikeandbrokehislegs.

四、语法大点

1.询问对方哪里不舒服,或者遇到什么麻烦以及答复

问:

What’sthematter〔withyou〕?

=What’sthetroubl〔withyou〕?

=

What’swrong〔withyou〕=Whathappened〔toyou〕?

=What’sup〔withyou〕?

答:

Ihaveacold〔感冒〕=Igetacold=Icatchacold=Ihavetheflu.

haveabad/terrible/heavycold〔重感冒〕havealittlecold〔轻感冒〕

Ihaveafever〔发烧〕Ihaveacough〔咳嗽〕

Ihaveastomachache/headache/toothache/backache〔胃痛/头疼/牙疼/后背疼〕

Ihaveasorethroat/soreknee/sorefeet〔嗓子疼/膝盖疼/脚疼〕

2.情态动词should意为“应该〞

课本原句:

Youshouldn’teatsomuchnexttime.

Heshouldliedownandrest.

HeshouldadentistandgetanX-ray.

ShouldIputsomemedicineonit?

注意:

should没有人称和数的变化

它和其后的动词原形一起做谓语

句式变化:

肯定句:

主语+should+动词原形+其他

eg:

Youshouldreadhisnewbook.

否认句:

主语+should+not+动词原形+其他

eg:

Youshouldn’teatanything.

一般疑问句式:

Should+主语+动词原形+其他?

eg:

ShouldItrusthim?

特别疑问句:

特别疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他?

eg:

Whenshouldwego?

具体用法:

表示委婉地提出建议与意见

eg:

Youshouldtakesomemedicine.

表示职责与义务

eg:

Asastudent,youshouldworkhard.

表示推测意为“应该可能〞对现在或者未来的推测

eg:

Mybrothershouldgettheresoon.Helefthomeat7:

00.

3.反身代词

课本原文:

Butthedriverdidn’tthinkabouthimself

HehurthimselfinP.E.class.

OnApril26,202X,hefoundhimselfinaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.

含义:

表示反射或者强调自己的代词叫反身代词,意为“自己,亲自〞

具体构成:

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

单数

myself

yourself

himselfherselfitself

复数

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

常见搭配:

enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime

teachoneself=learn...byoneself

byoneself=alone单独

helponeselftosth请随便吃...

introduceoneselfto向...自我介绍

dressoneself自己穿衣服

leavesb,byoneself把某人单独留下

speaktooneself自言自语

loseoneself迷失

注:

反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致

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