人教版八年级下册英语第一单元知识点.docx
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人教版八年级下册英语第一单元知识点
人教版英语八年级下Unit1What’sthematter?
一、重点单词及用法
1.foot-feet单复数的考察常用复数同:
tooth-teeth
eg:
Look,myf_____areverybig,butthenewshoesaresosmall.
2.stomach变复数词尾直接+sstomachs
eg:
Thechildrencan’teattoomuchice-creambecauseit’sbadfortheirs_______.
3.X-ray冠词考察无特指情况下用anX-ray
4.lie躺-lay〔过去式〕-lying〔现在分词〕躺liedown躺下
eg:
Theyare_______〔lie〕onthebeachandhavingagoodtime
5.passenger乘客复数passengers
eg:
Therewereten__________onthebusatthattime.
6.bandagen.绷带v.用绷带包扎
eg:
Canyouputthebandageonthecut?
〔改为同义句〕
Canyou_________yourself?
7.Kilo复数kilos
eg:
Howmany______oftomatoesdoyouwant?
8.knife复数knives
eg:
Don’tplaywith______.Theymaycutyourfingers.
9.deathn.死亡diev.死亡-died〔过去式〕-dying〔现在分词〕dead〔形容词死亡的〕
eg:
Thedog’s______madehimverysad.
10.sick生病的既可以作表语又可以做定语besick=beill
eg:
Wearegoingtovisit_______childreninhospital.
二、重点短语
haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒cough咳嗽liedown躺下
takeone’stemperature量体温haveafever发烧
take/havebreaks/abreak休息=take/havearestgetoff下车-geton上车
toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是rightaway马上马上=rightnow
getinto〔trouble〕陷入〔麻烦〕getsunburned被晒伤
beusedto〔doing〕习惯于适应于......takerisks/arisk去冒险
runout〔of〕用完用尽cutoff切除
getoutof离开从......出来beincontrolof掌管治理
giveup〔doing〕放弃〔做〕某事haveastomachache胃痛
getanX-ray做一个X射线检查thanksto......由于多亏
intime及时ontime准时thinkabout考虑thinkof认为
falldown摔倒makeadecision作决定
put......on......把....放在...上beinterestedin对...感兴趣
三、用法总结
1.needtodosth需要做某事
eg:
Theteacherneeds_____(rest)forafewminutes.
2.soundlike意为“听起来像〞后接n./adj./句子eg:
Itsoundslikeagoodidea.
类似的感官动词+like:
feellike/smelllike/looklike/tastelike/seemlike
sound+adj.结构中,sound是系动词意为“听起来是〞后接形容词eg:
Thatsoundsgreat.
3.without+n./doing〔v.现在分词〕Hewenttoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.
eg:
Helefttheclassroomwithout________anything
4.agreev.同意,赞成
agreewithsb/某人的意见看法Doessheagreewithus?
agreetodosth同意做某事Theyagreedtosolvetheproblem.
5.haveproblems(in)doingsth做某事有困难=havetrouble/difficulty(in)doing
haveproblemswithsth=havetrouble/difficultywithsth在某方面有困难
eg:
Oneofmygoodfriendssaidhehadproblems__________(learn)English.
6.be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事
eg:
Heusedtogetuplate,butnowheisusedtogettingupearly.
usedtodosth过去常常做某事〔现在不做了〕
eg:
HeusedtoreadEnglishintheevening.
usesthtodosth使用用某物做某事
eg:
Soheusedknifetocutoffhisarm.
beusedtodosth被动被用于做某事
eg:
Thesenewpensareusedtopaintthewall.
7.loseone’slife丧失生命saveone’slife挽救某人的生命
eg:
Helosthislifeinthecaraccident.
8.enoughadj.足够的充分的后接名词n.enoughmoney
adv.足够地修饰形容词/副词enough要后置
eg:
Thebookis_______,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney______it.
A.enoughinteresting;tobuyB.interestingenough;tobuy
C.interestingenough;buyingD.enoughinteresting;buying
9.theimportanceof(doing)sth〔做〕某事的重要性
importantadj.重要的unimportantadj.不重要的importancen.重要性
eg:
Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.
10.decisionn.决定makeadecision(todosth)
decidetodosth决定做某事decidenottodosth决定不做某事
eg:
TommadeadecisiontostudyEnglishwell.
11.giveup放弃
giveup是动词+副词结构接代词作宾语时代词放中间
eg:
Theproblemissodifficultforyou,butdon’t_______
A.giveitupB.giveitoutC.giveupitD.giveoutit
giveupdoingsth放弃做某事
eg:
Youwillbeverysadifyougiveup______(sing).
12.keep用法
keepondoingsth继续做某事〔中间有间隔强调重复性〕
eg:
Hekeptonstudyingthoughhewasverytired.
keepdoingsth继续不停地做某事〔不间断连续性〕
eg:
Keepwalkinguntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.
keepsbdoing让某人一直做某事
eg:
Don’tkeeptheotherstudentswaiting.
keepsbfromdoingsth阻挡某人做某事
eg:
Weshouldkeepthelittleboyfromsteppingonthegrass.
13.find用法
find找到,强调寻觅的结果lookfor强调寻觅过程findout找出查明
eg:
Iwaslookingformywatch,butIdidn’tfindit.
findsbdoingsth发觉某人正在做某事
eg:
WhenIwalkedalongtheroad,Ifoundanoldmanshoutingforhelp.
findit+adj形容词+todosth发觉做某事是...的
eg:
Shefoundithardtofinishtheworkbyherself.
14.takerisks=takearisk冒险Helikestakingrisks.
riskone’slifetodo冒着生命危险去做某事
eg:
Heriskedhislifetosavethechild.
riskdoingsth
eg:
ThemancalledTomoftenrisksflyingoverthesea.
四、短语辨析
1.seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事〔动作正在发生〕
seesbdosth看见某人做某事〔看到动作全过程或者经常看到动作发生〕
eg:
IsawtheboycryingwhenIpassedby〔路过〕.
类似的hear/watch/notice/find+sbdo/doingsth
thanksto多亏...由于....=withthehelpof/withone’shelp=becauseof
thanksfor因.......而感激强调感激的原因
eg:
Thankstomyteacher,Ipassedtheexam.
Thanksforyourhelp.Thanksforinvitingme.
2.intime及时表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生
ontime准时按时指正好在规定时间内
eg:
Thanksforcomingheretohelpmeintime.
Thetrainarrivedintothestationontime.火车准时进站了。
3.thinkabout考虑thinkof认为;想起
eg:
Ionlythoughtaboutsavingtheboywithoutthinkingaboutanything.
Thepicturemakesmethinkofmygrandfather.
WhatdoyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher?
=Howdoyoulikeyourteacher?
4.toomany;toomuch;muchtoo;
toomany;toomuch修饰名词toomany+可数名词;toomuch+不可数名词
eg:
toomanypeopletoomuchwater/homework
muchtoo修饰adj.形容词
eg:
Don’teat_____junkfood,oryouwillbe____fat.
A.muchtoo;toomuchB.toomany;toomanyC.toomuch;muchtooD.toomuch;toomany
5.interesting有趣的一般修饰物interested感兴趣的一般修饰人
习惯用法:
get/become/beinterestedinsth/doingsth对......感兴趣
eg:
Shebecameinterestedinsingingsongs.
Thestoryisinterestingandallofusareinterestedinit.
6.because连词后接句子
becauseof介词短语后接名词/动名词/代词
eg:
Ididn’tgooutlastnightbecauseoftheheavyrain.
=Ididn’tgooutlastnightbecauseitrainedheavily.
7.so...that...如此......以至于......引导结果状语从句
sothat以便,为了引导目的状语从句
eg:
Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tdressherself.〔结果〕
Theteacherspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhimclearly.〔目的〕
so+adj/adv+that从句=too+adj/adv+todosth〔太...而不能......〕
Sheistooyoungtodressherself.
8.beincontrolof操纵治理主动;反义词组-beoutofcontrol无法治理
beinthecontrolof被操纵治理在...的操纵之下被动.
eg:
Ateachermustbeincontrolofhisclass.
9.runoutof用完,用尽人作主语Wehaverunoutofourmoney.
runout用完,用尽物作主语主语一般为时间金钱Ourtimeisrunningout.
10.sick生病的,有病的可以作表语也可以做定语
ill生病的,有病的只可以作表语比拟级为worse最高级为worst
illness名词生病
eg:
Shecan’tgotoschoolbecausesheisill/becauseofherillness.
Pleasetakegoodcareofthesickboy.
11.expect/wish/hope
expect估计;期望,期望expecttodo/expectsbtodosth/expect+that从句
eg:
Heexpectstowintheprize.
wish期望;祝愿可能性较小wishtodosth/wishsbtodosth/
eg:
Iwishtoflyinthesky.
hope可能性较大期望hopetodosth/hope+that从句
〔没有hopesbtodosth〕
eg:
Ihopetoseeyousoon.
12.getoff下车geton上车多指从公交车火车飞机下来空间大的交通工具
getoutof从...出来getin上去指上下小型交通工具汽车出租车
eg:
LucyisgettingonthebuswhileIamgettingoff.
13.fall(fell)down与falloff
falldown意为“倒下〞,在平面摔倒;falloff意为“跌落〞强调从某处掉了下来
联系falldownfrom〔从......摔下〕=falloff
eg:
Whenthelittlegirlranacrossthestreet,shefelldown
Hefelloffthebikeandbrokehislegs.
四、语法大点
1.询问对方哪里不舒服,或者遇到什么麻烦以及答复
问:
What’sthematter〔withyou〕?
=What’sthetroubl〔withyou〕?
=
What’swrong〔withyou〕=Whathappened〔toyou〕?
=What’sup〔withyou〕?
答:
Ihaveacold〔感冒〕=Igetacold=Icatchacold=Ihavetheflu.
haveabad/terrible/heavycold〔重感冒〕havealittlecold〔轻感冒〕
Ihaveafever〔发烧〕Ihaveacough〔咳嗽〕
Ihaveastomachache/headache/toothache/backache〔胃痛/头疼/牙疼/后背疼〕
Ihaveasorethroat/soreknee/sorefeet〔嗓子疼/膝盖疼/脚疼〕
2.情态动词should意为“应该〞
课本原句:
Youshouldn’teatsomuchnexttime.
Heshouldliedownandrest.
HeshouldadentistandgetanX-ray.
ShouldIputsomemedicineonit?
注意:
should没有人称和数的变化
它和其后的动词原形一起做谓语
句式变化:
肯定句:
主语+should+动词原形+其他
eg:
Youshouldreadhisnewbook.
否认句:
主语+should+not+动词原形+其他
eg:
Youshouldn’teatanything.
一般疑问句式:
Should+主语+动词原形+其他?
eg:
ShouldItrusthim?
特别疑问句:
特别疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他?
eg:
Whenshouldwego?
具体用法:
表示委婉地提出建议与意见
eg:
Youshouldtakesomemedicine.
表示职责与义务
eg:
Asastudent,youshouldworkhard.
表示推测意为“应该可能〞对现在或者未来的推测
eg:
Mybrothershouldgettheresoon.Helefthomeat7:
00.
3.反身代词
课本原文:
Butthedriverdidn’tthinkabouthimself
HehurthimselfinP.E.class.
OnApril26,202X,hefoundhimselfinaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.
含义:
表示反射或者强调自己的代词叫反身代词,意为“自己,亲自〞
具体构成:
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himselfherselfitself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
常见搭配:
enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime
teachoneself=learn...byoneself
byoneself=alone单独
helponeselftosth请随便吃...
introduceoneselfto向...自我介绍
dressoneself自己穿衣服
leavesb,byoneself把某人单独留下
speaktooneself自言自语
loseoneself迷失
注:
反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致