泉州市高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案 2.docx

泉州市高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案 2.docx

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泉州市高考英语阅读理解试题及答案2

泉州市高考英语阅读理解试题（及答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Mostofushavelookedupatthestarsthatfillthenightskyandwonderedwhetherwe'realoneintheuniverse.Indeed,thequestionofwhetherthere'slifeouttherehasbeensomethinghumankind'sbeenaskingitselfforcountlessyears.ButthankstoChina'sFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope（FAST）,theanswertothisquestionmaycomealotsoonerthanweexpected.

   Thetelescopehasahugeroundreflector,whichmeasures500metersacrossandhasaperimeter（周长）of1.6kilometers.Becauseofitsgreatsize,itwouldhavebeenbothdifficultandinefficienttogetFASTtomovelikearegulartelescope.Instead,FAST'sdesignerscameupwithagreatsolution:

itssurfaceismadeupof4450panelswhichcanbeindividuallyadjusted.Thiscleverdesignfeatureallowsscientiststodetectradiosignalsfromanyanglewithagreatdegreeofaccuracy."Panelscanchangetheirpositionsthroughconnectedwiresandparallel（关联的）robots.Wecancontroltheirpositionwithanaccuracyof1mm,"ZhengYuanpeng,chiefengineerofthetelescope'spanelproject,toldXinhuaNewsAgency.

   FAST'sengineersalsohadthetaskoffindingasuitablelocation.Asanyinterferencewouldaffectitsabilitytodetectdistantradiowaves,itneededtobebuiltinaremotearea.Luckily,theperfectspotwasfoundinthebeautifulmountainsofGuizhouProvince."Therearethreehillsabout500metersawayfromoneanother,creatingavalleythatisperfecttosupportthetelescope,"SunCaihong,chiefengineerofFAST'sconstruction,toldXinhua.

   Andalthoughitwasn'tyetfullyoperated,FASThadalreadymadegreatdiscoveriesbyOctober2017.Since1967,onlyaround2000pulsars（脉冲星）havebeendiscovered,yetFASThaddetectedsixmorebyOctober2017.OnceFASTisfullyupandrunning,wemayfinallyhavetheanswertooneofthebiggestquestionsinhistory.

（1）WhatisthepurposeofmentioningthequestioninParagraph1?

A. Tointroducethenewgianttelescope.

B. Toexplainwhythereislifeinuniverse.

C. Toremindreaderstothinkaboutthelifeinspace.

D. Toemphasizethequestionthatshouldbeanswered.

（2）WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?

A. Thetelescopeismadeupofmanypanels.

B. TheareaofFASTisabout800squarekilometers.

C. TheengineercanhandleFAST'spositionaccurately.

D. Theindividualpanelhelpsscientistscatchradiosignals.

（3）WhywasFASTbuiltinGuizhou?

A. BecauseGuizhouisaremoteprovince.          B. BecauseGuizhouhasanidealvalley.

C. BecauseGuizhouhasbeautifulmountains.   D. BecauseGuizhouhastheabilitytobuildit.

（4）Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A. FAST'stimeline.          

B. FAST'sfuture.          

C. FAST'soperation.          

D. FAST'sdiscoveries.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国500米口径球面射电望远镜，它的设计原理、选址以及发展前景等多方面的信息。

（1）考查推理判断。

第一段通过提出问题，再引出答案，在引出答案的同时引出了本文要介绍的我国500米口径球面射电望远镜。

所以第一段提出问题的目的是引出本文的介绍对象。

这也是说明文常见的写作手法。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“itssurfaceismadeupof4450panelswhichcanbeindividuallyadjusted.Thiscleverdesignfeatureallowsscientiststodetectradiosignalsfromanyanglewithagreatdegreeofaccuracy.“它的表面由4500片可独立调节的金属板组成。

这种聪明的设计可以让科学家从不同的角度精确的探测到无线电信号。

可推知，这些金属板能帮助科学家捕捉无线电信号。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Therearethreehillsabout500metersawayfromoneanother,creatingavalleythatisperfecttosupportthetelescope”这儿有三座间距500米左右的山，是安置望远镜的绝佳的山谷，可知，望远镜之所以安置在贵州，是因为贵州有一个很好的山谷。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中“Andalthoughitwasn'tyetfullyoperated,FASThadalreadymadegreatdiscoveriesbyOctober2017.“虽然还没有完全运转起来，到2017年10月FAST已经有了重大发现。

可知，这一段讲述FAST的重大发现。

并且其后几句话也是来具体阐述FAST的重大发现的。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

   TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

   JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.

   Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

   Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

   "Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential（潜力）intermsofheight.

   Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."

（1）Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?

A. Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.

B. Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.

C. Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.

D. Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.

（2）WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?

A. Theyenjoyaneasierlife.                                 

B. Theytendtolivelonger.

C. Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases.                      D. Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?

A. Sloweddown.     

B. Goneupwards.     

C. Changedtothecontrary.     

D. Cometolifeagain.

（4）WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?

A. Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.

B. Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.

C. Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.

D. Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。

我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。

如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。

一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。

"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。

故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。

可知，reversed的意思是"反转"。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Myfatherloveshisgarden.Heplantedsomeseedsinit.ButatthattimeIdidn'tunderstandwhyworkinginthedirtexcitedhimsomuch.

   Unfortunately,inearlyMay,myfatherwasseriouslyinjuredinanaccident.Hehadtostayinbedforawhile.Mymotherhadseveralbusinesstripssoshecouldn'ttakecareofthegarden.Ididn'twantmyfathertoworry,soIsaidthatIwouldtakecareofhisgardenuntilherecovered.Iassumedthatthelittleplantswouldcontinuetogrowaslongastheyhadwater,andluckilyitrainedfairlyoftensoIdidn'tthinkmuchaboutthegarden.

   OneSaturdaymorning,myfathersaidtome,"Christine,thevegetablesshouldbeaboutreadytobepicked.Let'shaveasaladtoday!

"Iwentouttothegardenandwasupsettoseethatmanyofthelettuceleavesandcarrotshadbeenhalfeatenbybugs.Therewerehundredsofbugsalloverthem!

   Ipanickedforamoment,butthenIquietlywenttotheneareststoretobuysomevegetables.

   WhenIgavethesaladtohim,hesaid,"Oh,Christine,whatabeautifulsalad!

Ican'tbelievethecarrotsarethisbigalready.Youmustbetakingverygoodcareofmygarden."Ifeltalittlebitguilty.

   Cominghome,mymothersawthebagfromthesupermarketinthekitchen.IwasembarrassedandIadmitted,"Dadwantedasalad,butthegardenwasadisaster.Ididn'twanttodisappointhimsoIwenttothestore."ShelaughedbutpromisedtohelpmeinthegardenandweekslaterIwasfinallyabletopicksome.

   Icarefullymadeasaladandtookittomyfather.Helookedatitwithahintofasmile."Christinethecarrotsaresmallerinthissalad,buttheytastebetter."

   Now,Ibetterunderstandhowputtingalotofeffortintocaringforsomethingcanhelpyouappreciatetheresultsmore,howeversmalltheymaybe.Perhapsthiswasoneofthereasonsformy