北工大研究生英语考试复习.ppt

北工大研究生英语考试复习.ppt

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研究生英语考试复习PPT整理BySherry（根据郎老师ppt内容整理）1精选课件1.Introduction1.StructureofIntroduction2.1Howexactlydoyouwrite“openingsentences”2.2Typesofagap/need2.3Howtooccupythegap/need2精选课件1.StructureofIntroductionSwalesandFeak（1994）postulateda3-movestructureofresearchpaperintroductions,asshownbelow.CARS（Create-a-Research-Space）modelNecessityoffurtherresearch（obligatory）3精选课件2.1Howexactlydoyouwrite“openingsentences”（Move1a）?

thegeneralstatementofrelatedsocialbackgroundProblemofsomethingproblemwithsolutionApplicationBeneficialpropertiesoftheresearchtargetActiveresearchactivityTermexplanationofyourfield（e.g.chemicalnames,definitions,speciesnames）usuallymorethanoneoftheaboveelementsAttentionto“funnel”structure4精选课件2.2.Typesofagap/need（Move2）1）Indicateagap（weaknessofthepreviousstudy）2）ContinuingapreviouslydevelopedlineofenquiryBuildingonworkalreadydone,buttakingitfurtherbyextendingtheareastudiedimprovingthecurrentusinganewsample/method3）Counter-claimingAconflictingclaim,theoryormethodisputforward.5精选课件2.2languagestrategies（Move2）UsenegativesubjectsNegativeVerbsNegativeAdjectivesContrastivestatementsRaisingaQuestion6精选课件2.3Howtooccupythegap/need2.3Howtooccupythegap/need（Move3a）（Move3a）1）Outliningpurpose（obligatory）Theaim/purpose/objective/goalofthispaperistoThispaperaimsat/intendsto2）Statethenature/focus/thesisofthepresentresearch3）Announcingmethodofpresentresearch.4）Announcingprinciplefindings5）OutlineoftheResearch6）ValueofResearch7精选课件2.LiteratureReview1.3Functionofliteraturereview2.1Howtoorganizetherevieweditems?

2.1WhatsthefocusoftheLiteratureReview8精选课件1.3FunctionofliteraturereviewliteraturereviewmayIndicatewhothemainwritersareinaparticularareaEvaluatepreviousstudiesIdentifyagapinpreviousstudy.ProvideacleartheoreticalframeworkDefineyourterms,drawingonotherwritersdefinition9精选课件2.1Howtoorganizetherevieweditems?

NThebodyofthereviewdependsonhowyouhaveorganizedyourkeypoints.NTypicalwaysoforganizingthesourcesintoareview:

ChronologicalTrendImportance/value/authorityClassificationRelationshipwiththepaperProblemandsolutionComparisonandcontrast10精选课件2.1WhatsthefocusoftheLiterature2.1WhatsthefocusoftheLiteratureReviewReviewa）Methodologyb）Outcome/findingsc）Theoryd）Applicatione）11精选课件3.Methodology1.Componentsof“M”section2.Description“Materials”3.“Researchinstrument”4.Procedure12精选课件1.1.Componentsof“M”sectionComponentsof“M”section-Field/subject-basedField/subject-basedresearchresearchSample,specimenorsubjects,selection/collectionCollection:

Location,collectionmeans,storage（esp.container）,quantity,etcPreparation:

（treatment/processing/preservation）,etcMeansofanalysis（machinary）Dataanalysis（software）13精选课件1）OriginofdifferentsourcematerialsNameandlocationofsuppliersConcentrationorotherpropertiesmeansofproduction.2）SamplepreparationQuantityContainer（dimensiondescription?

）Procedure“Equipment”3）Samplecharacterization/analysis“Equipment”,procedure,etc2.Descriptionof“Materials”14精选课件3.“Equipment”1）NameandlocationofsuppliersExample:

Model480thermocycler（Perkin-Elmer,Norwalk,CT）2）Components3）Dimension4）Functioninthisexperiment5）Workingprinciple6）Operation7）placement15精选课件4.ProcedureProcedure&elaboration（注意“程序”和“详述”）Procedure:

steps,verbsElaboration:

togivemoredetailsornewinformationaboutsomethingmeansofrecording/analysis,justification,carewastaken,etcPossibledifficulty16精选课件4.Results2.Majorcomponentsofdatapresentation3.Beginningof“Results”17精选课件2.Majorcomponentsofdatapresentation2.MajorcomponentsofdatapresentationSwalesandFeak（1994）StepOneInvitationtoviewtheresultsofthedata（subject）StepTwoMakeageneralstatementofthemaintrendStepThreeShowsomeofthesignificantfeaturesIfappropriate,compare/contrastvariousaspectofthedataAttention:

Attention:

data,indication（meaning）ofdata?

data,indication（meaning）ofdata?

18精选课件3.Beginningof“Results”Revisiting/expandingmethodologyFindingsofotherresearchinthisareaRevisitingtheresearchaim,theoriginalpredictionorassumptiontobetested19精选课件5.Discussion&Conclusions0.Differencebetween“Results”or“Discussion”1.1Majortypesof“Discussion”1.2Majorcomponentsof“discussion”2.Majorcomponentsof“Conclusion”20精选课件0.Differencebetween“Results”or“Discussion”Overall,“Results”dealswithdescriptivefacts;Discussiondealswithinterpretivepoints.Discussionshouldgobeyondtheresults:

bemoretheoreticalormoreabstractormoregeneral.21精选课件1.1Majortypesof“Discussion”of“Discussion”in“ResultsandDiscussion”in“ResultsandDiscussion”Reasonanalysis（justifytheresults）Implication/indicationoftheresultsMapping:

comparisonofyourstudywithexistingwork（conventionalsystem,previousresearch,traditionaltechnology,etc）Possibleapplication22精选课件1.2Majorcomponentsof“discussion”1.Reasonanalysis（resultjustification）2.Implication/indicationoftheresults3.Mapping:

Comparisonofyourstudywithotherwork（traditionaltechnology,previousstudy,etc）4.toshowcontribution/achievementofthisresearchimplicationofthisachievement5.（Possible）Application6.（Possible）Limitation7.toprovidesuggestionsforfutureresearch8.23精选课件ltorevisitresearchaim/assumption/previousresearch/mythologyltosummarizethekeyresultslMapping（relationshiptoexistingresearch）Mapping（relationshiptoexistingresearch）ContributionContributionApplicationsApplicationsDiscussfutureworkDiscussfuturework2.Majorcomponentsof“Conclusion”2.Majorcomponentsof“Conclusion”24精选课件6.Abstract0.Majorcomponentsof“Conclusion”2.Keycomponents2.1Thesisstatement2.2results2.3Discussion3.Conciseabstracts4.ThreeCsofAbstractWriting25精选课件ltorevisitresearchthesisstatement/aim/assumption/previousresearch/ltosummarizekeymythologyltosummarizethekeyresultslMapping（relationshiptoexistingresearch）ContributionApplicationsDiscussfuturework0.Majorcomponentsof“Conclusion”26精选课件Anabstractisacondensedversionofalongerpieceofwritingthathighlights（突出）themajorpointscovered,lIntroductionllThesisstatement（scopeofthestudy,purpose）lKeymethodsusedlThemostimportantresult（s）lThemostsignificant“discussion”orrecommendation2.Keycomponents27精选课件Theauthor作者2.1Thesisstatement:

explore,investigate,present,include,focus,等28精选课件主语一般是paper，report,thesis,we时一般用一般现在时：

主语是study,research,investigation,experiment时一般用一般过去时。

强调研究活动本身有时用现在完成时英文摘要时态Thesisstatement（Purpose,nature）29精选课件2.3Discussion2.2results:

show,demonstrate,display,etc30精选课件31精选课件Attention:

Writeonlyonethoughtpersentence?

研究对象（scope）+方法/目的.wasstudied/performedto.using/byToelucidativethemechanism.,Toinvestigate.,forthepurposeof.，experimentswascarriedout.by/using.结果+讨论werefoundtobe,indicatingImportantly,thesesectionsarenotdiscrete.Theyareoftenblendedtogetherinabstracts（.一句话中可能出现不止一个信息点）32精选课件a）UseconciseexpressionsB）Eliminateredundancy：

C）Avoidingweakverb+NominalizationconstructionD）RemoveunnecessaryintroducersE）CuttingdownonprepositionsF）注意汉语注意汉语“范畴词范畴词”3.Conciseabstracts33精选课件4.ThreeCsofAbstractWritingCompleteitcoversthemajorpartsoftheproject/caseClearitisreadable,wellorganized,Conciseitcontainsnoexcesswordinessorunnecessaryinformation.34精选课件感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！

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