考研英语真题英语一真题完整版无答案.docx

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考研英语真题英语一真题完整版无答案

2015考研英语真题:

英语一真题完整版+答案

Directions:

  Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

  Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_

(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has__

(2)_.

  Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)__1,932uniquesubjectswhich__(4)__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_(5)_.

  While1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8)_ourkin.”

  Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_”functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!

  Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution_(15)_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_(17)_factor.

  Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento_(20)_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.

  1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what

  2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised

  3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by

  4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected

  5.[A]tests[B]s[C]samples[D]examples

  6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unbelievable[D]incredible

  7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know

  8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass

  9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus

  10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps

  11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like

  12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit

  13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith

  14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits

  15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier

  16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express

  17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive

  18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency

  19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic

  20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell

  SectionIIReadingComprehension

  PartA

  Directions:

  Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

  Text1

  KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?

  TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

  Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

  Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

  Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

  WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

  ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

  21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

  [A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport

  [B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

  [C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

  [D]endedhisreigninembarrassment

  22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly

  [A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

  [B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

  [C]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto

  [D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

  23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

  [A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

  [B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies

  [C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

  [D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

  24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

  [A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues

  [B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

  [C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

  [D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

  25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

  [A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

  [B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

  [C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

  [D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

  TEXT2

  JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

TheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

  Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

  ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

  TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorporcketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing.”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

  ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

  26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

  [A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

  [B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

  [C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

  [D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

  27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof

  [A]tolerance.

  [B]indifference.

  [C]disapproval.

  [D]cautiousness.

  28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto

  [A]gettingintoone’sresidence.

  [B]handingone’shistoricalrecords.

  [C]scanningone’scorrespondences.

  [D]goingthroughone’swallet.

  29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

  [A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

  [B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

  [C]phonesareuse

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