高中英语不规则动词表.docx
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高中英语不规则动词表
高中英语不规则动词表
王艳英
一、规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:
1.直接在词尾加-ed。
如:
want—wanted,work—worked,need—needed,clean—cleaned
2.以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。
如:
like—liked,live—lived,use—used,move—moved
3.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:
stop—stopped,trip—tripped
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。
如:
study—studied,carry—carried,hurry—hurried,marry—married
二、不规则动词变化,大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:
1.以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。
如:
put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat
2.以d结尾的词,把d变成t。
如:
build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent
3.以n结尾的词,在词后加t。
如:
mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt
4.以ow/aw结尾的词,把ow/aw变成ew。
如:
blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew
5.含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。
如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt
6.含有元音字母o/i的词,将o/i变成a。
如:
sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank
三、不规则动词表
动词原形中文意思过去式过去分词
arise出现arosearisen
awake醒来awokeawaked/awoken
baby-sit临时照顾baby-satbaby-sat
be(am/is/are)是was/werebeen
beat击打beatbeaten
become变成becamebecome
begin开始beganbegun
bend使弯曲bentbent
bet赌betbet
bite咬bitbitten/bit
blow吹blewblown
break打破brokebroken
bring拿来broughtbrought
build建造builtbuilt
burn燃烧burnt/burnedburnt/burned
buy买boughtbought
can能could×
cast抛castcast
catch捕捉caughtcaught
choose选择chosechosen
come来camecome
cost花费costcost
cut割cutcut
deal分配dealtdealt
dig挖dugdug
do/does做diddone
draw画,拉,拖drewdrawn
dream做梦dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt
drink喝drankdrunk
drive驾驶drovedriven
eat吃ateeaten
fall掉落fellfallen
feed喂fedfed
feel触摸feltfelt
fight作战foughtfought
find找出foundfound
fly飞flewflown
forbid禁止forbade/forbadforbidden
forget忘记forgotforgot/forgotten
forgive原谅forgaveforgiven
freeze结冰frozefrozen
get得到gotgot
give给gavegiven
go去wentgone
grow成长grewgrown
hang挂/绞死hung/hangedhung/hanged
have/has有hadhad
hear听到heardheard
hide隐藏hidhidden/hid
hit打hithit
hold拿住heldheld
hurt受伤hurthurt
keep保持keptkept
know知道knewknown
lay放置laidlaid
lead引导ledled
learn学习learnt/learnedlearnt/learned
leave离开leftleft
lend借贷lentlent
let让letlet
lie躺laylain
light点着lit/lightedlit/lighted
lose遗失lostlost
make制作mademade
may可以might×
mean表…意思meantmeant
meet遇到metmet
mistake误认mistookmistaken
misunderstand误会misunderstoodmisunderstood
pay支付paidpaid
prove证明provedproved/proven
put放置putput
quit放弃quit/quittequit/quitted
read读readread
rebuild改建rebuiltrebuilt
retell复述retoldretold
rid免除rid/riddedrid/ridded
ride骑roderidden
rise上升roserisen
run跑ranrun
saw锯sawedsawed/sawn
say说saidsaid
see看sawseen
seek寻觅soughtsought
sell卖soldsold
send送/寄sentsent
set安置setset
sew缝合sewedsewn/sewed
shake摇shookshaken
shall将should×
shine发光shoneshone
擦亮shinedshined
shoot放(炮)shotshot
show显露showedshowed/shown
sing唱歌sangsung
sink下沉sank/sunksunk/sunken
sit坐satsat
sleep睡sleptslept
smell发出气味smeltsmelt
sow种植sowedsown/sowed
speak说spokespoken
spell拼写spelt/spelledspelt/spelled
spend花费spentspent
spit吐出spat/spitspat/spit
spring跳跃sprang/sprungsprung
stand站立stoodstood
steal偷stolestolen
sweep打扫sweptswept
swim游泳swamswum
take拿tooktaken
teach教taughttaught
tear撕裂toretorn
tell告诉toldtold
think思考thoughtthought
throw投/扔threwthrown
understand了解understoodunderstood
wake醒着woke/wakedwaked/woken
wear穿着woreworn
wet淋湿wet/wettedwet/wetted
will将would×
win获胜wonwon
write书写wrotewritten
附录1、现在分词变化规则:
1.一般情况下直接加ing
think---thinkingsleep---sleepingstudy---studying
speak---speakingsay---saying
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing
wake---wakingmake---makingcome---coming
take---takingleave---leavinghave---having
dance----dancingride----ridingwrite---writing
3.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing
stop---stoppingsit---sittingrun---running
forget---forgettingbegin---beginning
4.以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y,再加inglie---lying
5.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。
begin,cut,get,hit,run,sit,stop,set,swim,fit,dig,forget等。
附录2、第三人称单数变化规则
1、直接在动词后+s
例如:
like-likesplay-plays
2、以s,x,sh,ch,接尾的动词:
+es
例如:
wash-washes
3、以辅音+o接尾的动词:
+es
例如:
go-goes
4、以辅音+y接尾的动词:
变y为i+es
例如:
fly-flies
附录3、名词单复数变化规则+口诀
一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。
A:
规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况加s:
book--booksmouth---mouthshouse---housesgirl---girls
2.以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加es:
class---classesbox----boxesmatch----matches
3.辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加es:
city---citiescountry----countriesparty----partiesfactory----factories
4.以o结尾的词+es的只有以下词:
heroesNegroestomatoespotatoeszeroes/zeros
以o结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+sradios,zoos,bamboos,(pianos,kilosphotos)
5.以f,fe结尾的变f或fe为v+es:
thiefwifelifeknifewolfhalfleafshelf
Thethief’swifekilledthreewolveswithsomeleavesandknivesinhalfofherlife.
B:
名词词尾的读音规则:
A.在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后读[s]cups,hats,cakes,roofs
B.在[s][z][∫][t∫]等音后读[iz]glasses,faces,roses.
C.在其他情况下读作[z]bedsdayscitiesknives.
D.以th结尾的词原来读[]加词尾后多数读[]
如:
mouth—mouthspath—paths;
但是也有不变化的,如:
month—months,ninth—ninths,youth—youths.
C:
不规则的可数名词的变化规则:
小老鼠爬灯台,偷油吃下不来。
男人当警察,保护妇女跟儿童;
英国人的牙咬了法国人的脚;
养了一头日本羊,送给了中国人;
养了一头鹿跟鹅,卖给了瑞士人。
1.man—men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geesechild—children,mouse—mice,
2.单复数相同:
sheep,deer,Chinese,JapaneseSwiss.
3.以man,woman修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.
manservant—menservants.(boy/girlstudents)
womandoctor—womendoctors.