高中英语被动语态讲解及习题.docx
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高中英语被动语态讲解及习题
被动语态
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：
am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：
was／were＋taught
一般将来时：
will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：
am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：
have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：
have／has been＋taught
注意：
区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构
be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。
被动语态,动作的对象是主语；当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。
be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。
其区分办法如下：
1, 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。
The glass is broken.（系表结构）
The glass was broken by the boy.（被动语态）
2 ，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态
The magazine is published in Shanghai.。
（被动语态）
The door is locked.（系表结构）
The door has already/just been locked.（被动语态）
The shop is opened.（系表结构）
The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday.（被动语态）
3 ，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
三、被动语态的用法
1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
This book was published in 1981.
2 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
This book was written by him.
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2 把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主 动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
All the people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are madeby themin the factory.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away. = It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once. = It should be done at once
一．选择填空
1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.
A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served
2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.
A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplace
C.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace
3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.
A.turnoutB.beturnedout
C.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout
4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.
A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,die
C.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die
5.－Doyouliketheskirt?
－It_______soft.
A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt
6.Areyoustillhere?
Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?
A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwait
C.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait
7._____toknowProfessorZhang.
A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays
8.－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.
－Sorry,______already.
A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken
9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit______yesterday.
A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrived
C.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived
10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.
A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven
三.Correctthesesentences.（改正下列句子）
1.Thishousebuilt100yearsago.
2.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.___________________
3.Whydidthelettersendtothewrongaddress?
___________________
4.Agarageisaplacewherecarsrepair.____________________
5.Whereareyouborn?
____________________
6.HowmanylanguagesarespeakinginSwitzerland?
_______________
7.Somebodybrokeintoourhousebutnothingstolen._______________
8.Whenwasinventedthebicycle?
____________________
四.填空（完成被动语态填空）
1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.（改为被动语态）
Theirclassroom_____often______bythemafterschool.
2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.（同上）
Anewpen_________________Tomlastweek.
3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）
English________________byalotofpeopleinChinanow.
4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.（同上）
English__________________forabouttwoyears.
5.Theywillpublishthesestory-booksnextmonth.（同上）
Thesestory-books_______________nextmonth.
1.Whatwesayherewillnotbelongremembered.
我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。
2.Webothbelievethatthroughvigilanceandstrength,inyourwords,awarcanbepostponed,andinourwords,warcanbeavoided.
我们都认为，有了警惕和实力，用你们的话来说，可以推迟战争；用我们的话来说，可以避免战争。
3，Wearebroughtfreedomandhappinessbysocialism.
社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。
4,.Productsofthefactoryarewellreceivedbythewidecustomers.
该厂的产品受到广大顾客的欢迎。
5.Hewasdismissedforbeingtoolazy.
他太懒了，结果给/被开除了。
6.Thelectureisconsideredveryimportantforbeginners.
大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。
7.Thenewbuildinghavingbeeninstalled,myworktherewasdone.
新的房子建好后，我的任务也就完成了。
8，Inotherwordsmineralsubstanceswhicharefoundonearthmustbeextractedbydigging,boringholes,artificialexplosions,orsimilaroperationswhichmakethemavailabletous.
换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
9.Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:
radiation.
核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。
10.Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisserviceaswell,butontelevisioneverythingis
muchmoreliving,muchmorereal.
可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
倒装句练习
翻译
1.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会, 而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。
2. 我从没对别人的帮助感到如此感激过。
3.尽管我是位学生,我积累了大量的经验。
4，只有当政府与公民携手,我们才希望能保护好我们的环境。
5.我当时要是你,我会控制好情绪,学会倾听。
6.这场舞会将会异常精彩,我希望你不要错过。
7. 我一到家就开始怀念我在美国的生活。
8.【书信】直到我参加工作,我才意识到高中应该多练习口语。
选择
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came
C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown
3.Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled
4.—Where is my shirt, mum?
—_________.
A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it
5. —Where is your father?
—Oh, ________.
A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he
6.The door opened and there ________ .
A. enters an old man B. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered
7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is
8.Often _____ them not to smoke here.
A. we advised B. advised me C. did we advise D. had we advised
9.________ playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys
10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs
11._______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier
12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live
C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man
13.She plays the piano very well, ______.
A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does
C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us
14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.
A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you
C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do
15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting. —__________.
A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we
16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.
A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesn’t C. Mary will either D. or Mary does
17. She is fond of cooking, _____I .
A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do
18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language .
A. So it was with Engles B. So was it with Engles
C. So was Engles D. So did Engles
19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.
A. So does a man B. So will a man
steal偷stolestolenC. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man
20. So absorbed ___the work that she often forgot to ___ her meals.
A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make
undergo经受underwentundergone C. was she in; take D. she had been in have
know知道knewknown 21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.
A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke
deal处理dealtdealt22. _________ his appearance that no one could recognize him.
rid免除rid/riddedrid/ridded A. Strange so was B. So strange was C. Was so strange D. So was strange
seek寻觅soughtsought23.Not once ______ their plan.
A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change
24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A. are seeing B. had I seen C. I have seen D. have I seen
25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.
A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch 26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.
A.the flowers were so beautiful B. were the flowers so beautifu
C. so beautiful were the flowers D. so beautiful the flowers were
27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.
A. finished he B. he had finished C. did he finishD. had he finished
28.Scarcely finished their homework__I came into the classroom.
drive驾驶drovedrivenA. had they; than B. they had; when C. had they; when D. did they; when
29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.
rise上升roserisenA. has he made B. does he make C. he made D. did he make
30. Not until his comrades criticized him _____to admit his mistake.
A. had he begun B. began he C. did he begin D. does he begin
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