大三英语商务学年从功能对等看《在彼处大使演讲录》之傅莹英语演讲.docx
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大三英语商务学年从功能对等看《在彼处大使演讲录》之傅莹英语演讲
本科学年论文
(2013级)
AStudyonWhenIWasThere--SelectedSpeechesofFuYing’sEnglishSpeechfromTheViewofFunctionalEquivalence
从功能对等看《在彼处(大使演讲录)》之傅莹英语演讲
姓名:
陈纯
学号:
201342204202
院系:
外语系
专业:
英语(商务方向)
二零一六年六月
东莞理工学院
CulturalDifferencesinValuesbetweenEastandWest
价值观的中西方文化差异
Thelistoftherelevantarticlesandbooksread:
A)书籍
1.傅莹,《在彼处(大使演讲录)》,外语教学与研究出版社,2015。
2.叶子南,《高级英汉翻译与实践》,清华大学出版社,2013。
3.杨自俭,刘学云,《翻译新论》,湖北教育出版社,2003。
4.何其莘,仲伟合,《高级汉英翻译》,外语教学与研究出版社,2009。
5.樊小琴,DuongHuuDuc,《EnglishPublicSpeakinginAction》,2009
B)期刊文章
1.ZhangYing,《AStudyoftheFunctionalEquivalenceintheBusinessLetterTranslation》,OverseasEnglish,2012
2.丁晓平,《OntheTranslationTheoryofEugeneNida-FunctionalEquivalenceTheory》。
3.余玮,《FacesintheWorld》,ChinaAcademyJournalElectronicPublishingHouse,2010。
4.李志远,《FunctionalEquivalenceTheoryandItsLimitationsinTranslation》,东北电力大学外国语学院,2015,
(1)。
SUMMARY
FuYing,currentvice-foreignministerinChina,hadbeenanChineseambassadortothePhilippines,AustraliaandtheUnitedKingdom.Withhergrace,wisdom,resolve,capabilityandvastexperiences,sheactsasabridgeacrossdifferentculturesandhaswonfamebecauseofherterrificallyexcellentfacultyforinterpersonalcommunication.WhenIWasThere--SelectedSpeechesofFuYing’sEnglishSpeechisacollectionofherspeecheswhilstshewastheambassadortoAustraliaandthentotheUnitedKingdombetween2004-2010.ThespeechesareintendedtomakeiteasyforforeignaudiencestobetterunderstandChina,tohelpenhanceChina’sinternationalimageandraisesoftpowerofournation.
Functionalequivalence,proposedbyEugeneA.Nida,givesprioritytothecommunicationofinformationandfocusitsattentiononnaturalnessoftranslation.Asstatedinfunctionalequivalencetheory,thebesttranslationistheclosestnaturalequivalencetothesourcelanguagemessage.Thereadersofthetranslatedtextshouldbeabletoreceivetheinformationandemotionaswhatisconveyedintheoriginaltextandproducesimilarpsychologicalreactionsasthosewhoreadtheoriginal,whichinthisend,toachievefunctionalequivalence.
Thereobviouslyexistsabroadspectrumofculturaldividebetweentheeastandthewesternworld.Translatorsarerequiredtohaveagoodcommandoffunctionalequivalencetogivethetranslationtoafullplay,enablingforeignreceptorstoapprehendwhatthespeechisdelivering.Onthebasisoffunctionalequivalencetheory,thisthesiswilldiscussseveralcharacteristicsofspeechesandthetranslationofFuYing’sspeechesfromthestandpointoffunctionalequivalencewillbeexplored.Therefore,howFuYingachievesfunctionalequivalenceinhertranslationsoastoexerteffectsontheforeignaudiencewillcometolight.
1.IntroductionofFunctionalEquivalence
1.1EugeneA.NidaandtheConceptofFunctionalEquivalence
EugeneA.Nidahadbeenapioneerinthefieldsoftranslationandlinguistics.Hismostnotableandcontroversialcontributiontotranslationisdynamicequivalence,alsoknownasfunctionalequivalence.TheconceptwasfirstmentionedwhenhewasattempttotranslatingBibleinlate1950s.Later,heupdatedtheexpression”dynamicequivalence”to“functionalequivalence”toavoidmisunderstandings.Hetriedtohighlightthefunctionalequivalenceoftheinformationratherthanthedirectequivalenceofthelanguage’sform,inthiswaytomakesurethemeaningaswellasstyleinthetargettextfunctionallyequivalentwiththoseinthesourceone.Inthiscase,translatorsfollowingthefunctionalequivalencebeartheresponsibilityforbeingfaithfultotheoriginaltextandputtingreceptors’understandingandresponseinthefirstplace.
Sincethen,functionalequivalencehadcreatedabrand-neweraintranslationstudyandwaswidelyadoptedbymanytranslators,thoughitsdisadvantagesremainedafurtherdiscussion.
1.2InfluencesoftheTheory
Whattheconceptoffunctionalequivalencemattersindeedrestsonthebalancebetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Intraditionaltranslationtheory,literaltranslationpursuesfaithfulnesswiththeequivalenceonlanguage’sformasacore,whereasfreetranslationemphasizesaestheticsofeffectivenessoftranslation.Byprovidingacompellingevidence,functionequivalenceconsequentlyservedtobetheendofthisdisputableissuewhichhavelastedformorethan2000years.
ItisNida’sfunctionalequivalencethatexertstremendousinfluenceonthetranslationstudiesnotonlyinwesterncountriesbutalsointheAsiancountriesincludingChina.Heiscommonlyconsideredtobethemostinfluentialoneamongallthecontemporarytranslationtheorists.
2.TheParticularityofEnglishSpeech
2.1BriefOutlineofPublicSpeech
Publicspeakingissimplyapresentationofaspeaker’sideastoatargetgroupofaudiencestofacilitatemutualunderstandingandappreciation.AsfarasFu’sconcerned,itcallsforthesenseofmissionforthediplomaticspeechtosendoutChina’smessagesandchangestereotypesandmisconceptionsaboutChina.Thekeypointofpublicspeechliesongettingmessagesacrossandensuringunderstandingandinsightsamongforeignaudiences.
Consideringhowtosuccessfullymanageaspeech,threefactorsshouldbepaidspecialattentionto--subject,audienceandpurpose.Todeterminethecontentofyourspeech,youaresupposedtofocusonwhatyouwanttosayandotheriswhattheaudiencewanttohear,bothofwhichareofequalsignificance.Inaddition,tolearntheeducationalandprofessionalbackgroundoftheaudienceaswellastheiragegroup,etc.beforehandisalsointhelistofpreparations.Purposesoughttokeeplevel-headilyinmind.Thatsaid,thepursuitofspeechistoalargedegreecompatiblewiththatoffunctionalequivalence,givingprioritytoreceptorsreactions.Onthepremiseofguaranteeingtheappropriatenessofformaltranslationintargettext,audiencesareexpectedtocrosstheborderoflanguageandculturesandthenobtainthemeaningsthespeakerwantstoexpress.
2.2CulturalDivergencesbetweenEastandtheWest
Owingtothedifferencesinthehistorybetweeneastandthewest,whichturnouttobereflectedonlanguages,certainexpressionshavevariousconnotationsinChineseandEnglish.FuYinghassaid:
”oneofthemajordifficultieswhendeliveringaspeechinEnglishisinfindingthewordsandexpressionsmostcompatiblewiththetargetaudience,withoutlosingtheessenceofthespeechinChineseorweakeningthemessagestobeconveyed.”Thereforeintranslation,translatorsneedtoshifttheusagesandexpressionsandtransferthemeaningasmuchaspossibleasfunctionalequivalencerequiredtoattractforeignaudiencesappetitetolistenandgetfullycomprehended.
3.TheApplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryinWhenIWasThere-SelectedSpeechesofFuYing’sEnglishSpeech
ThedefinitionoftranslationadvocatedbyNidashowsthatequivalencedoesnotmerelystayinthemeaningofvocabularies,italsoembracestheequivalenceinthetextconnotation,styleandstylistics.Themessagestransferredbytranslationincludethesurfacevocabularymeaningandthedeepculturalinformation.Functionalequivalenceincludesfourlevels:
lexicalequivalence,sentenceequivalence,styleequivalenceandpassageequivalence.SinceEnglishspeechismorecloselyassociatedwiththeformerthreeaspects,Iwouldnotfurtherdiscussthelastoneinthefollowinganalysis.
3.1LexicalEquivalence
Wordsarethemostbasicelementinthetranslationandtheunderstandingandtranslationofawordwouldbethefoundationoftranslationpractice.Intranslationpractice,whatdoespuzzleusishowtofigureoutthecorrespondingexpressionintargetlanguage.Nidahasmentionedthatabsoluteequivalencewouldneverbeachieved.Translatorshavetoapplyallkindsoftranslationskillstomakethemostnaturaltranslationpossiblewithculturallimitationstakenintoconsideration.Inherspeeches,FuYingusesmultitudinousconcise,formal,elegantwordsandevensomecarriedwithhistoricstoriestomatchtheexpressionsinsourcetextsuccessfully.Examplesareasfollowed.
(1)得到一些有趣的启发
Harvestedmanyinterestinginsights
(2)跨越两届的生死之恋
Asweetandsorrowlegendoflovethatdefiesthelimitsofheavenandearth
(3)大部分中国人认为,中国仍是一个发展中国家,不少人甚至认为外界是在“忽悠”中国。
MostofthemstillseeChinaasadevelopingcountryandallthisflatteringbyoutsidersisnothingbut”huyou”,apopularChineseexpression,orliterallyinEnglish,tryingtosweepChinaoffitsfeet.
Inthefirstexample,theoriginalmeaningof“harvest”asaverbistocollectcropsfromthefield.Whilehere,insteadofchoosingwordslike“get”,“obtain”,etc.,Fuuses“harvest”tovividlymanifesttheachievementsshegotafterpayingefforts.Inthesecondsentence,Fuuses”heavenandearth”totransferthemeaningof“两界”.However,inChina,peoplealwayssay“天地”or“阴阳”.Takenwesternersreligionsintoconsiderationbeforetranslation,shestandsfromaforeignersangleandmanagestotransferthemeaningof“death”metaphorically.Asforthelastinstance,FufirstofallstraightlyexplainsitinChineseandthenusesasetphrasethatforeignaudiencesarefamiliarwithinEnglishtorender“huyou”as“sweepsomeoneoffone’sfeet”.Giventherightwordorphrasesareselected,theaudienceareabletocomprehendandappreciatewhatFuwantstoexpressinthesamemannerasChinesepeopledo.Furthermore,thesetranslationsarebriefandarticulate,effectivelyavoidmisunderstandingsamongaudienceandgetthemainideastraightforward.
3.1SentenceEquivalence
Thereisnodenyingthefactthatsentenceequivalenceismorecomplicatedthanlex