英语句子结构分析讲解.docx
《英语句子结构分析讲解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语句子结构分析讲解.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![英语句子结构分析讲解.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-11/24/38d71344-0272-4c5e-969b-f5abdd0b1d23/38d71344-0272-4c5e-969b-f5abdd0b1d231.gif)
英语句子结构分析讲解
..
定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和
次要成分;
主要成分:
主语和谓语
次要成分:
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.
主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语
㈠主语(subject)
句子说明的人或事物
Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.(名词)
Shewentoutinahurry.(代词)
Fourplusfouriseight.(数词)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Smokingisbadforhealth.(动名词)
Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(名词化的形容词)
Whathehassaidistrue.(句子)
找出下列句中的主语:
1、Thesunrisesinthe
east.
2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.
3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.
4、Seeingisbelieving.
5、Toseeistobelieve.
..
6、Helikesdancing.
7、Whatheneedsisabook.
8、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllike
atree.㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:
由动词或动词词组组成
Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?
Helookedaftertwoorphans.
复合谓语:
由情态动词或助动词+动词;
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.
找出下列句中的谓语(注:
只有动词才可作谓语。
):
1.WeloveChina.
2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.
3.HecanspeakEnglish.
4.Sheseemstired.(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词
或介词的宾语Showyourpassport,please.(名词)
Shedidn'tsayanything.(代词)
Howmanydoyouwant?
-Iwanttwo.(数词)
Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.(名词化的形容词)
Theyaskedtoseemypassport.(不定式)
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
..
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
(句子)
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或
动物.Hegavemesomebooks.
间接直接
宾语宾语
指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语:
pleasepassmethebook.
Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.
找出下列句子的宾语部分:
5.Weoftenhelphim.
6.Helikestoplaybasketball.
7.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.
8.Shesaidthathefeltsick.
9.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.(四)连系动词,其
后面的成分叫作表语。
Thewarwasover.
Theyseemtoknowthetruth.
Timeisprecious.
I’mnotquitemyselftoday.
Thatremainsapuzzle.
Idon’tfeelatease.
找出下列句中的表语。
1.Iamateacher.
..
10.Theyareontheplayground.
11.MyjobisteachingEnglish.
12.Itgetscold.
13.Itsoundsinteresting.
常见的系动词有be动词,还有get,become,turn,grow等表“变
得”的词,和感观动词sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
Heisacleverboy.(形容词)
Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.(名词)
Thereare54studentsinourclass.(数词)
Doyouknownbetty’ssister?
(名词所有格)
Heboughtsomesleepingpills.(动名词)
Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.(现在分词)
Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(过去分词)
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句
子表示时,通常则后置
Thegirlinredishissister.
Wehavealotofworktodo.
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.
Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
..
找出下列句子的定语。
14.Theblackbikeismine.
15.Sheisachemistryteacher.
16.Themaninblueismybrother.
17.Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.
18.Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.
(六)状语
状语的功用:
状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、
程度、方式和伴随状况等。
Iwillbebackinawhile.
Theyareplayingontheplayground.
Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.
HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.
Iwaitedtoseeyou.
Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.
Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.
Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.
Thisbookisveryinteresting.
Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.
找出下列句中的状语1.Weoftenhelphim.
2.Ireallydon’tlikethefood.
3.Hedidhishomeworkcarefully
..
athome.
19.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.
20.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeadoctor.
(七)宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说
明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。
这类常
用的及物动词有:
make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.
Ifoundthebookinteresting.
Doyousmellsomethingburning?
Hemadehimselfknowntothem.
Sheaskedmetolendherahand.
宾语补足语:
和宾语构成复合宾语。
宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上
的主谓关系。
找出下列句子的宾语补足语:
4.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.
5.WecallhimIronOx.
6.Thedoctortoldmetodomore
exercise.
7.Theymadeherhappy.
8.Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.
9.Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.
(八)同位语位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况
..
Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.(名词)
Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.(代词)
Heistheoldestamongthemfour.(数词)
Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.(从句)
句子成分详解表
句子成分意义充当成分例句
主语表示句子说名,代,数,
Westudyin
的是什么人不定式,动名
HuangQiao
或什么词,短语或句
Middle
事子
School.
谓语说明主语做动词或动词
Sheis
什么,是什么词组
dancing
或怎
underthe
么样
tree.
宾语表示动作行
同主语Bothofus
为的对象
like
English.
..
表语与联系动词
同主语Herfather
连用,一起构
isa
成谓
chemist.
语,说明主语
Hiswords
的性质或特
sound
征
reasonable.
定语用来修饰名形,代,数,
Wehave
词或代词
名,eight
副,介词短语
lessons
或句子
everyday.
状语修饰动词,形副词,介词短
Heworks
容词,副词,语或句
veryhard.
表子
Theyhelda
示动作发生
partyin
的时间,地
Hollywood.
点,原
因,目的,方
式,结果等
宾语补足语逻辑上与宾形容词,名
Shealways
keepsthe
语是主谓关词,介词短语
house
clean.
..
系等随堂练习:
分析下列句
子结构:
1)Youareastudent.
2)Hefelthappy
today.
3)Whatyousaidmademehappy.
4)CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?
5)Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.
6)Helikespopmusic.
7)Thesoundsoundsstrange.
8)Thefoodtastesgood.
9)Hegavemeabookyesterday.
10)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.
PrivateConversation
LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.The
playwasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanand
ayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.
Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.
Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayany
attention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.
“Ican'thearaword!
”Isaidangrily.
“It'snoneofyourbusiness,”theyoungmansaidrudely.
..
“Thisisaprivateconversation!
”
what什么who谁where哪里
when什么时候why为什么H,how怎么