广西师范大学美国文学复习考点.docx

广西师范大学美国文学复习考点.docx

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广西师范大学美国文学复习考点

题型

1.3个术语解释

2.问答题11个

3.novelanalysisplotthemecharacter不少于300

考点：

1、术语解释 （其实术语解释就是那些个意象派 超验主义 浪漫主义之类）

1Transcendentalism超验主义：

⑵AmericanRomanticism美国浪漫主义：

Imagism意象派

LostGeneration迷茫的一代

FreeVerse自由体诗，如惠特曼的草叶集：

AmericanDream美国梦，如HARDWORKINGGOODLUCK：

AmericanPuritanism美国请教主义

2、诗歌

考点：

诗人  诗名  主题 韵式 象征意义；

Poemanalysisinthetermsoftitleofthepoem,poet’sname,word,phraseexplanation,theme,metrical,rhymescheme

The Road Not Taken

InastationoftheMetro

BecauseIcouldnotstopfordeath 

3、小说（特征 代表人物

AroseforEmilybyWilliamFaulkner

thescarletletter（第二章Themarketplace）byNathanielHawthorne

the cask of AmontilladobyEdgarAllanPoe

TheGreatGatsby（说明了美国梦的破灭）

PPT内容

术语解释

Transcendentalism超验主义

Transcendentalism wasabroad,philosophicalmovementinNewEnglandduringtheRomanticera（peakingbetween1835and1845）.Itstressedtheroleofdivinityinnatureandtheindividual’sintuition,andexaltedfeelingoverreason.ThephaseofNewEnglandTranscendentalismisthesummitofAmericanRomanticism.Itwas,inessence,romanticismonPuritansoil.Itwasstartedbyagroupofpeoplewhoweremembersofaninformalclub,i.e.theTranscendentalClubinNewEnglandinthe1830s.Theyexpressedtheirviews,publishedthejournal,TheDial.TheymetirregularlyoverthenextfouryearsatEmerson’shomeinConcordforthepurposeofdiscussingthenewideasonlifeandsociety.

FeaturesofNewEnglandTranscendentalism:

TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.

TheTranscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.

TheTranscendentalistsofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.

（以下摘自维基百科）wasareligiousandphilosophicalmovementthatwasaboutthe19th-centuryAmericanmovement.Amongthetranscendentalists'corebeliefswastheinherentgoodnessofbothpeopleandnature.Transcendentalistswerestrongbelieversinthepoweroftheindividualanddivinemessages.TheirbeliefsarecloselylinkedwiththoseoftheRomantics.Transcendentalistsbelievedthatsocietyanditsinstitutions—particularlyorganizedreligionandpoliticalparties—ultimatelycorruptedthepurityoftheindividual.Theyhadfaiththatpeopleareattheirbestwhentruly"self-reliant"andindependent.Itisonlyfromsuchrealindividualsthattruecommunitycouldbeformed.

⑵AmericanRomanticism美国浪漫主义

（1）AmericanRomanticismisoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.（3）ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWaltWhitman’sLeavesofGrass.（4）BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature,itisalsocalled“theAmericanRenaissance”.

（2）Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theyemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup.Theyaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstronginterestinthepast,thewild,theremote,themysteriousandthestrange.Theystressedtheelement“Americanness”intheirworks.（5）AmericanromanticistsincludessuchliteraryfiguresasWashingtonIrving,JamesFennimoreCooper,WilliamCullenBryant,EdgarAllanPoe,RalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,NathanielHawthorne,HermanMelville,WaltWhitmanandsomeothers.

⑶Imagism意象派

ImagismcameintobeinginBritainandU.S.around1910asareactiontothetraditionalEnglishpoetrytoexpressthesenseoffragmentationanddislocation.Theimagists,withEzraPoundleadingtheway,holdthatthemosteffectivemeanstoexpressthesemomentaryimpressionsisthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.Imagismasamovementflourishedonlybriefly,butithadconsiderableinfluenceonthedevelopmentofformandsubjectmatterinmodernpoetry.PoetslikeT.S.Eliot,WilliamCarlosWilliams,WallaceStevens,andE.E.Cummings,recognizingstrengthsinimagistphilosophies,madepoemsoftheimagisttype.

Imagismischaracterizedbythefollowingthreepoeticprinciples:

1.Directtreatmentofsubjectmatter;

2.Economyofexpression

3.asregardsrhythm,tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofmetronome节拍器

Pound’s“InaStationoftheMetro”isawell-knownimagistpoem.

意象派诗歌特征

▪第一，意象派要求诗歌直接呈现能传达情意的意象，以雕塑和绘画的手法表现意象，反对音乐性和神秘性的抒情诗，提出“不要说”“不要夹叙夹议”，只展现而不加评论。

▪第二，意象派诗歌的语言简洁明了，不用没有意义的形容词、修饰语，去掉装饰性的花边，反对卖弄词藻，诗行短小，意象之间具有跳跃性。

▪第三，意象派诗歌注重意象组合的内在韵律与节奏，将意象与所蕴含的思想情感融成一体。

▪主张按语言的音乐性写诗，反对按固定音步写诗，认为均匀的格律诗是等时性的、起催眠作用的“节拍器”。

LostGeneration迷茫的一代

The"LostGeneration"wasthegenerationthatcameofageduringWorldWarI.ThetermwaspopularizedbyErnestHemingway,whouseditasoneoftwocontrastingepigraphsforhisnovel.Variously,thetermisusedfortheperiodfromtheendofWorldWarItothebeginningoftheGreatDepression,thoughintheUnitedStatesitisusedforthegenerationofyoungpeoplewhocameofageduringandshortlyafterWorldWarI,alternativelyknownastheWorldWarIgeneration.InBritainthetermwasoriginallyusedforthosewhodiedinthewar

Writersofthefirstpostwareraself-consciouslyacknowledgedthattheywerea“LostGeneration”,disillusionedbythewar,anddevoidoffaithandalienatedfromacivilization.HemingwaywasregardedasthespokesmanfortheLostGeneration.

⑸FreeVerse自由体诗，如惠特曼的草叶集

Freeverseisanopenformofpoetry.Itdoesnotuseconsistentmeterpatterns,rhyme,oranyothermusicalpattern.Itthustendstofollowtherhythmofnaturalspeech.Althoughfreeverserequiresnometer,rhyme,orothertraditionalpoetictechniques,apoetcanstillusethemtocreatesomesenseofstructure.AclearexampleofthiscanbefoundinWaltWhitman'spoems,whereherepeatscertainphrasesandusescommastocreatebotharhythmandstructure.Muchpatternanddisciplineistobefoundinfreeverse:

theinternalpatternofsounds,thechoiceofexactwords,andtheeffectofassociationsgivefreeverseitsbeauty.

⑹AmericanDream美国梦，如HARDWORKINGGOODLUCK

（1）AmericanDreamreferstothedreamofmaterialsuccess,inwhichone,regardlessofsocialstatus,acquireswealthandgainssuccessbyworkinghardandgoodluck.

（2）Inliterature,thethemeofAmericanDreamrecurs.InTheGreatGatsby,Gatsbycomesfromthewesttotheeastwiththedreamofmaterialsuccess.Bybootleggingandotherillegalmeanshefulfilledhisdreambutendedupbeingkilled.ThenoveltellstheshatteringofAmericanDreamratherthanitssuccess.

⑺AmericanPuritanism美国请教主义

PuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans.ThePuritanswereoriginallymembersofadivisionofthe

ProtestantChurch,whocameintoexistenceinthereignsofQueenElizabethandKingJamesI.ThefirstsettlerswhobecamethefoundingfathersoftheAmericannationwerequiteafewofthemPuritans.TheycametoAmericaoutofvariousreasons,butitshouldberememberedthattheywereagroupofserious,religiouspeople,advocatinghighlyreligiousandmoralprinciples.Puritans’liveswereextremelydisciplinedandhard.Asacultureheritage,PuritanismdidhaveaprofoundinfluenceontheearlyAmericanmind.AmericanPuritanismalsohadaenduringinfluenceonAmericanliterature.Ithadbecome,tosomeextent,somuchastateofmind,somuchapartofthenationalculturalatmosphere,ratherthanasetoftenets.

诗歌

（诗人  诗名  主题 韵式 象征意义；Poemanalysisinthetermsoftitleofthepoem,poet’sname,word,phraseexplanation,theme,metrical,rhymescheme）

1、The Road Not Taken

Poet:

RobertFrost（1874-1963）;FourtimeswinnerofthePulitzerPrizeinPoetry

borninSanFrancisco.enteredDartmouthCollegeaftergraduatingfromhighschool,dissatisfiedwithcollegelifeandwithdrew,enteredHarvardUniversityin1897aftermarryingElinorWhite;leftHarvardtwoyearsafterandmovedtoafarmnearDerry,NewHampshire,giventohimbyhisgrandfather

LiteraryWorks:

ABoy’sWill,Frost’sfirstbook,publishedinEnglandin1913

NorthofBoston,publishedsoonafter

WritingStyle:

MuchofFrost’spoetryseemstogrownaturallyfromthechangingseasons,thewoodedmountains,andtheruggedfarmsnorthofBoston.Thedramaofthehumansituationisthehardcoreofhispoetry.Heleavesmuchunsaid.Hisapparentlysimplepoemsoftenturnouttoberichinhiddenmeanings.

Heisafinestoryteller.Heoftengivesonlythefactsofanepisodeandleavesittothereadertodiscoverthesignificance.Thereisnothingsuperfluous（多余的,不必要的）inthepoetryofRobertFrost.

Stanza1

Tworoadsinayellowwood,

AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth

Andbeonetraveler,longIstood

AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould

Towhereitbentintheundergrowth;

Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,

Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,

Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;

Thoughasforthatthepassingthere

Hadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,

Andboththatmorningequallylay

Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack.

Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!

Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,

IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.

Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh

Somewhereagesandageshence:

Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI—

Itooktheonelesstraveledby,

Andthathasmadeallthedifference.

*PoemType:

lyricalpoem

*RhymeScheme:

Iambictetrameter;

45-linestanzaswiththerhymescheme“abaab”.

*LiteraryDevices:

Symbolism

Metaphor

Personification

2、InastationoftheMetro（Imagism）

Poet:

EzraPound（1885—1972）

Poe;Translator;Editor;Polemicist辩论家;Essayist

LifeandCareer:

borninHailey,Idahoin1885;spenthis